英语时态的用法小结.doc

英语常见时态的构成： 1. 一般现在时 （1）be动词：is，am，are （2）其他动词：单数第三人称加s。2. 一般过去时 （1）be动词：was， were （2）其他动词：过去式，即规则动词加ed，不规则动词特殊记。3. 一般将来时 （1）will/ shall +动词原形 （2）is/ am/ are going to +动词原形4. 过去将来时 （1）would +动词原形 （2）was/ were + to +动词原形5. 现在进行时 is/ am/ are +动词-ing6. 过去进行时 was/were +动词-ing7. 现在完成时 have/ has + 过去分词 过去分词，即规则动词加ed，不规则动词特殊记。8. 过去完成时 had + 过去分词一、一般现在时的用法1表示经常性,习惯性反复发生的动作。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day(week, month)等连用。 He plays football twice a week.他每周踢两次足球。 I sometimes go to work on foot.我有时步行去上班。2表示客观事实或普遍真理。 Its far from the earth to the sun.地球与太阳间的距离很远。 Five and three makes eight.五加三得八。二、一般过去时的用法1表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago等连用。 My family moved here five years ago.我家五年前搬到了这里。 I was born in 1973.我生于1973年。 三、一般将来时的用法（1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等连用。 I will go to the zoo next Sunday.下周日我将去动物园。 Shell go to the cinema tonight.今晚她将去看电影。 四、过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，多用于宾语从句中，表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。如果表示过去习惯性的动作时，只能用would，而不用should。如：He said he would ring me up at six. 他说他六点钟将给我打电话。I would swim in this pool when I was a child.我孩童时期经常在这个池塘游泳。This window wouldnt close.这个窗户老是关不上。五、现在进行时的用法（1）表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用。 It is snowing now.现在正在下雪。 He is watching TV at present.他正在看电视。 六、过去进行时的用法（1）过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和过去的特定时间状语或状语从句连用。 如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。 I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday. 上周日的这个时候我正在打排球。 Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back. 李芳的爸爸回来时她正在看电视。（ 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别过去进行时表示过去某一动作正在进行，强调“动作的连续性”，而一般过去时则表示一个做完的动作，强调“有过这件事”。I was playing chess last night.昨晚我在下棋。I played chess last night.昨晚我下棋了。My father worked last Sunday.我爸爸上周日工作了。My father was working last Sunday.我爸爸上周日在工作。七、现在完成时的用法（1）强调不久前完成的动作对现在产生的影响，常与already, just, yet等副词连用。 I have just read your letter.我刚刚读完你的信。 He has already come back.他已经回来了.（2）表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。for后通常跟一个时间段，而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点。 for two weeks持续两周时间；since Monday自从周一 He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了。 I have been here since 1976.自从1976年我就一直在这里。 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别二者都表示“动作已经发生”，区别在于：（1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过 去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。 He has learned French for three years.他学法语已三年了。 He learned French for three years.他曾学过三年法语。 Who has taken my bag? I couldnt find it.谁拿走了我的包？我找不着了！ He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。 The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。 八、过去完成时的用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，常by, before引导的时间状语连用。如： By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself. 到爱迪生10岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。 I thought I had seen him before. 我原以为以前见过他。一、单项选择。1. He_to the park on Sundays.A. go B. goes C. do go D. did go2. Which teacher_lessons to you every day?A. does gives B. does give C. do give D. gives3_your mother_some cleaning on Sundays?A. Does, has B. Do, does C. Does, do D. Do, do4. Look! The boy students are_football while the girls are_.A. playing, dance B. playing, dancing C. play, dancing D. play, dance5. You_about the future now,_you?A. dont think, dont B. arent thinking, arentC. dont think, do D. arent thinking, are6. I_lunch just now.A. had B. have C. has D. have had7. She_a model plane when I came to see her.A. make B. is making C. was making D. made8. “Why_you angry at that time?” “Because they_too much noise.”A. are, were makingB. were, were makingC. are, made D. were, made9. When she_next time, I_her everything.A. is going to come, shall tell B. will come, shall tellC. comes, will tell D. come, will tell10. Be careful! The train_.A. will come B. is going to come C. comes D. is coming11. His father_any washing in the morning.A. doesnt do B. doesnt C. doesnt does D. doesnt does12. I_1000 English words by the end of last term.A. have learned B. had learned C. would learn D. was learning13. How long_you_the bicycle?A. havebought B. havehadC. didbuy D. dobuy14. My brother knowsLondon very well. He_there many times.A. has been B. has gone C. was D. went15. The children want to know if Miss Green_free tomorrow.A. is B. is going to C. will D. will be16. Listen！The music_nice.A. sounds B. is sounding C. is sound D. was sounding17. He_early every morning from now on.A. gets up B. does get up C. does gets up D. will get up18. Our teacher told us that light_faster than sound.A. travelled B. travels C. was travelled D. had travelled19. Mr. Brown is not at home. He_to the library.A. has gone B. has been C. had been D. had gone20. He said he would go to the cinema with us if he_free.A. is B. were C. was D. will be21. Tom _ his homework after breakfast.A. dont B. doesnt C. dont do D. doesnt do22. Jenny _a letter to her mother three days ago.A. wrote B. writes C. write D. has written23. He _ with us yesterday morning.A. doesnt go swimming B. goes swimmingC. didnt go swimmingD. went to swimming24. There _a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow.A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. would have25. _ you _ us a talk this afternoon?A. Are, giving B. Are, given C. Will, give D. Were, going to give26. Look! Li Lei _ Jim with his Chinese.A. is helping B. has helped C. is going to help D. would help27. Dont make any noise. The baby _ .A. has slept B. is slept C. will sleep D. is sleeping28. The students of Class 3 _a football game now. Lets go and watch.A. are having B. will have C. is having D. will be had29. How many English songs _ you _ by the end of last term?A. have, learned B. did, learn C. had, learned D. were, learned30. My mother _ breakfast while I _ my face this morning.A. cooked, was washing B. was cooking, was washingC. was cooking；washed D. would cook, was washing31. How long_ you _ French before you went to Paris?A. had, studied B. have, studied C. do, study D. would, study32. The film _ on for ten minutes when Jack got to the cinema.A. has been B. had been C. be D. would be33. When I went to Lindas, she _ in bed reading.A. is lying B. has lain C. is going to lie D. was lying34. He said there _ another new school in the city soon.A. was B. had been C. would be D. was having35. He _ here in 1990. He _a teacher for over ten years.A. came, was B. came, has beenC. has come, isD. has come, has been二、用下列动词的适当形式填空。1. He told me that he_(visit) the Summer Palace the next day.2. Who has borrowed the dictionary? I want to use it. Miss Li. She_(keep) it for a week.3. The old men_(die) last summer. He_(die) for eight months.4. Father_(cook) when I got home.5. Mr. Smith told us he_(show) the guests around the factory.6. In winter when your clothes_(wash), it is not easy to get them dry.7. _the twins_(return) yet? Yes. They_(have) a rest in the room now.8. It_(rain) but it_(stop) now.9. All the children_(keep) quiet though their teacher was not there.10. The boy_(read) a storybook now. 参考答案：一、单项选择。1. B 2. D3. C4. B5. D6. A 7. C8. B 9. C10. D11. A 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D16. A 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. C21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C26. A 27D 28. A 29. C 30. B31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B二、用下列动词的适当形式填空。1. would visit 2. has kept3. died, has been dead 4. was cooking5. would show或者had shown 6. are washed7. Havereturned; are having 8. rainedhas stopped9. kept 10. is reading