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Module 1British and American English Part1 重点词汇分析 1 .common n.共同点固定搭配1)have a lot / much/ sth/ little/ nothing in common with sb/sth 2) In common with 2 .difference n. 不同点，差异固定搭配makes a/some/much/no difference to 对有/没有 影响/重 3. abvious adj. 显然的；明显的1）It is obvious (that) 显然，很明显2）be obvious to sb that对来说很清楚obviously adv. 显然，明显地（放在句首做状语） 4.queue n. 队伍、排队 Jump the queue插队 v. 排队queue (up) for/ to do=wait for/to do sth5. confuse v. 使迷惑、混淆、分不清 confuse A and /with B 把A和B弄混淆。 adj. confusing / confusedbe confused about 对感到迷惑6. compare with / to 活学活用 Many people think that books can_ friends A. compare to B. be compared toCcompare with Dbe compared with 7. omit v. 省略、删除、遗漏、忘记 omit to do/doing 忘记做某事 omission n.活学活用 Dont （忘记锁门）the door8. vary v. 变化 from to =range from.to.从.变化不等 various adj. 各种各样的、不同的 variety n.种类,品种,多样化 a of各种各样的 variation n. 变化in/of/among/between9.differ from 与不同、有区别、不一样1）differ fromin= be different fromin 2）differ withon. = disagree withon在某方面不同意活学活用I am you hoiding the sports meeting .10.settle v. 定居、解决、决定settle down 定居 settle in 迁入新居并安顿好活学活用Thats .(就这么决定了)。He decided to (定居 ）在伦敦了。They have (迁入新居并安顿好）last month.11. remark on/upon 评论、评述 remark that 说 n. 评论，评述固定搭配 make remarks about sth 对.做评论12. after all 毕竟、终究 above all 首先、尤其 in all 总共13. have no/a little/much/great difficulty /trouble /a hard time (in) doing sth有一点儿/很多/巨大的 困难14. lead to 导致,结果是,引起 result in/ cause 活学活用It was a medical error which the death of the patient.look forward to; refer to; pay attention to; devoteto; stick to; object to; contribute to; get down to; the attitude to; the key/ answer / solution to; get/be used to; belong to15. present v. 陈述,赠送,颁发 1) present sth to sb.向某人陈述什么. 2)present sb with sth 把.赠送给=present sth to sb词性转化present adj.在场的; 现在的 at present =at the present time 目前.现在16. suggest v. 表明；暗示（引导宾语从句时，不用should do 虚拟语气） 1.1)Suggest+sth/doing sth 2)做“建议”讲时, 用虚拟语气. 即：主语+ suggest+that+(should)+do sth 3)做 “表明,暗示”讲时, 不用虚拟语气 即：主语+suggest+that 活学活用Janes pale face suggested that she （be)ill, and her parents suggested that she should have a medical examination.Mom suggested that I (take )the coat with me in case of having a cold. 17.refer v. 固定搭配refer toas 把称为 活学活用 China as “the factory of the world”. refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈到；针对，指的是. I had forgotten the date of the battle so I a history book.（查阅,参考） When I said some people are stupid, I wasnt you.（针对,指的是） Dont the matter again.（提到,谈到） N .reference 参考；查阅18. attempt n./v. 尝试、企图、试图 to do 努力做某事 at (doing) sth19. criticize/criticise v. criticism n. 批评 criticize sb/sth for (doing) sth20Get around 1)四处走动（旅行，出差等） 2) (新闻/消息)传开，传播=spread ；避开，逃避活学活用Eg. News soon that he had resigned. He tried to the police but failed, and got caught. 拓展部分get along / on (well/badly) with与某人相处得好/不好； 某事进展得好/不好 get through 完成，通过，接通（电话） get down to (doing) sth.开始做某事 get over 克服 get by 过得去，勉强维持22.1)prefer sth;=would rather do sth than do sth. 2) prefer to do sth/doing sth 3)Prefer(doing) sth to (doing)sth比起(干)更喜欢(干) 4)Prefer to do rather than do :宁愿干某事(前者)而不愿干某事(后者)夯实练习1. He has some difficulty _ learning Chinese . A. on B. with C . at D . in 2 -Where would you like to have your dinner , in a French restaurant or a Chinese one ? -It _to me.A. is not different B. makes not a difference C. is not a difference D. makes no difference 3 American English and British English have a lot _ each other. A. to common with B. in common with C. commonly D. for common between 4._ with people in the West, people in the East pay much attention to their families.A. Comparing B. Compared C. Compare D. To compare5、My foot is very big, so they often _ it _ a little boat.A. compares; to B. compares; with C. compare; to D. compare; withPart2 重点短语 1. be confused by sth .被.搞糊涂了2.in confusion困惑的；困窘地3.in favor of 支持 4.wear off 逐渐减弱, 消失, 磨损, 耗损5. fill up with =be full of 用.填补, 装满6.at the flick of a switch:轻轻一按电源7. Be similar to与相似(in) 8.(sth) be familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉(sb) be familiar with sth. 某人熟悉9.Make an announcement.宣布一件事 10.on the air 在广播中11.“In way”在某方面,用方式” 让路:make way 挡路,碍事:Be in the way /in ones way用你自己的方式in your own way 12.so that以便;因此，所以13.instead of代替, 而不是14.be divided by sb into :被分成separate.from.15Not more than 不超过,不多于.表示事实 No more than:“仅仅,只”,表感情色彩,表示少活学活用 教室里不超过5个学生。There are _5students in the classroom.公园里只有5个人。There are_ 5people in the park.16.thanks to 幸亏；多亏17.communicate with sb 和某人交流/沟通夯实练习 1._ my teacher，Im becoming more and more interested in English A. Thank to B. Thanks for C. Thanks to D. Thanking for 2、Although some people raised objections at the meeting, most of them were _ the reform. A. in favor of B. in honor of C. instead of D. by means of 3. Samantha is very familiar _British English.A. to B. in C. with D. for4、The two cars are very _ size and design.A. similar to B. similar in C. different from D. familiar with5. Bill can speak Chinese and English , _ French A. as B. as well C. as well as D . as good as 6. Young parents sometimes find it hard to communicate _ their kinds. A. to B. with C. for D. towards Part3 重点句子分析 1.Within a century British and American English speakers will not be able to understand each other。 不出一百年，讲英国英语和讲美国英语的人将不能互相理解。 Within用法 翻译 不出10年，金融将成为我们经济的焦点。 2.America and England are two countries divided by a common language. 美国和英国是被同一种语言分开的两个国家。 1）过去分词作定语（单个词放在所修饰词前面，短语后置。及物动词过去分词表示被动或者已经完成的动作，而非及物动词表示已经完成的动作) 活学活用 Our class went on an _（organize）trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Those _（electe） as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。 活学活用 3.It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English. 老师讲英式英语或美国英语并没有多大的差别 It作形式主语，真正地主语是“whether a teacher speaks British or American.” 主语从句的应用：what he said made no difference to me. 4.As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence.当他年轻的时候，他参加了美国独立战争同英国人作战。 1)Fight against“同战斗”Fight with :同战斗;与并肩作战 Fight for为(得到)而战为自由而战. fight for their freedom 2）as作为 译：作为一名学生，我们就应该好好学习。 5. Everything is going on well.一切都进展良好。（通常用于写信开头语How is everything going?回答：Everthing is going on well.） Go on 1.)进展;2.)发生;3.)继续; 1.)工程进展如何?How does the project go on ? 2.)那里发生了什么?Whats going on there 3.) 假如你像这样继续下去,.If you go on like this ,. 6. The accent t, which is most similar to British English , can be heared on the East Coast of the US. 在美国东海岸能听到与英国英语非常相似的口音。 注意1)most 前面没有定冠词the,不表示最高级，是“非常，很”的意思。 Its _necessary to bring a torch with us. 2)非限制性定语从句的应用。Part4 重点语法1. 一般现在时 用法： A) 经常性、习惯性动作,常见时间状语有(often, usually, always, sometimes ,now and then)；客观事实和普遍真理，谚语。（尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。例：The physics teacher said that the earth_( run) around the sun in class yesterday.The doctor told me that an apple every day_ (keep) the doctor away. B) 在时间，条件，方式，让步状语从句里经常用一般现在表示将来时。 例：If it_( rain) tomorrow, I wont go swimming. He will come to see you the moment he _his work.A. will finish B. finishes C. would finish D. had finishedC) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来(come)、去(go)、动(move) 、离开（leave) 到达（arrive) ,开始(start)、结束(end)、回来（return),继续(continue)”等的动词 ）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例：The next train_( leave) at 3 oclock this afternoon. （下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。） D) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。例：Here comes the bus.There goes the bell。高考题型1.（06 辽宁）The father as well as children _ every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going2.(06上海) Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _ home.A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write3.(08湖南) Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered4. According to the time-table, the train for Shanghai _ at 7 oclock in the evening.A .leaves B. has left C. was left D. will leave5. Galileo collected facts that proved the earth _ around the sun.A. moved B. moves C. has moved D. had moved现在进行时(be doing) 用法1）表示说话时或者近期正在进行的动作。例：They_ (repair)the bridge these three days.2)使用现在进行时注意以下几点： （1）现在进行时与副词always, usually, forever, constantly, all the time等连用是，表示说话者的某种感情色彩，并非强调动作正在进行。 He is always helping others.3)用现在进行时代替将来时,(表示位移的词come, go, leave, arrive, return, start, begin，stay等)(1) -Im going to the States?-How long are you staying in the States?（2）I am leaving Chongqing for London this summer.4. Because the shop is closing down, all the T-shirts are sold at half prices.4)无进行时的动词 A. feel, look, smell, taste, sound. B.表示感情的动词 like, love, hate, hope, prefer, refuse, want, wish等。 C.表示存在状态的动词。Be, exist, remain, stay, obtain. D.表示占有与从属关系的动词 belong, contain, have, own, from. 表示思考，理解等心理活动的词 believe, doubt, forget, know, remember, understand. 3.完成时(have done) 用法： A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 例：I bought a new house, but I _ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didnt sell B) sold C) havent sold D) would sell 答案是C) havent sold。 B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。 例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。 C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。 常与just, already, yet， recently, before等副词连用，不与表示过去时间的副词（ago, last week/year)连用。例：John has broken his left leg recently.（约翰最近摔断了左腿。） (07江苏) _ you _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have shown B. Do show C. Had shown D. Did Show (07浙江卷) Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where_ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided夯实练习 1.Mother _ _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had madehave tried B. madehave triedC. has madetried D. madetried 2._ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Didcopydid B. Havecopiedhave C. Havecopieddid D. Did copyhad3. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ?A. Have seendidsee B. Did seedidwatchC. HaveseenhaveseenD. Did seehaveseen一般将来时用法： A) 基本结构是will / shall do。 B) 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于现在进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。 例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。） C) 表示“打算去，要”时，可用be going to do。 例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。） D) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调客观近期内或马上就要要发生的事，一般不与具体的将来时间状语连用。 例：Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。） E) be to do的5种用法：表示“按计划、安排；该做或不该做的事情；用于条件从句“如果想，设想”（接近if want to,或if should） 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been注意：1）be going to do用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有“准备；打算”的意思。这种主观意图，一般已做过事先安排，故其实现的可能性较大，其主语常是人。We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午我们打算开班会。（安排）2)根据现有情况、某种迹象，判断将要或即将发生的动作。此时不含有主观意图，只是表示说话人对客观事态发展的判断或推测，此时主语可以是人，也可以是物。例如：Look at the black clouds. Its going to rain.看那些乌云，快要下雨了。（推测） 2） as ,for， because, since 的区别 语气由强到弱 because since as Because(直接原因强调从句）since（既然，显然的或者已知的理由或者事实强调主句） as（用语说明原因）for(表示推理或者解释或者附加说明，一般不置于句首） E.g It may have rained last night,for the ground is wet. 注意以下情况只用because（1）回答why的问题（2）做表语从句时（3）在强调句中强调原因（4）连词前有only, just, simply等副词修饰时。 E.g He didnt buy the book simply beacause he had no money.强化训练第一节 语法和词汇（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Many senior high school students often say that there are not _ between British and American grammar.A. much differenceB. many differencesC. some differences D. any difference2. With the rumor that he was once in prison _, he found he couldnt live in this city any longer.A. got around B. getting aroundC. getting along D. got along 3. Hurry, Mary! You_ on the telephone. Oh, I _. Thank you, mum.A. have wanted; have comeB. will be wanted; will comeC. are being wanted; comeD. are wanted; am coming4. These two words are different _ each other in spelling while they are similar _ each other in pronunciation.A. from; to B. from; as C. with; like D. with; to5. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught6. Would you like to tell me what our teacher said just now? She said that light _ faster than sound.A. travelsB. traveledC. would travelD. was traveling7. Personally, I think he did a good job. _, he is only a green hand.A. After all B. In allC. At all D. For all8. Last night the schoolmaster spoke at the meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes.A. bringing up B. referring toC. looking for D. trying on9. How I wish to see her again! Believe it or not, I _ her since we graduated.A. dont seeB. havent seenC. hadnt seenD. didnt see10. You cant imagine what great difficulty they had _ the old man to move out of the old house.A. persuadedB. to persuadeC. with persuadingD. persuading33. Anyone who attempts _ others will be looked down upon.A. to laughB. to laugh atC. laughingD. laughing at第二节 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。I read of a man who had a car accident. He 36 both legs and his left arm and only a thumb remained on the right hand. But he still had a brilliant 37 , enriched with a good education and broadened by travel. At first he thought there was nothing he could do but remain a 38 sufferer. One day, a 39 came to him. It was always nice to 40 letters, but why not write them he could 41 use his right hand with some difficulty. But whom could he write to? Was there anyone who was 42 and couldnt live a normal life like him? They could be 43 by his letters. He thought of men in prison they did have some hope of being set free 44 he had none but it was worth a(n) 45 . However, he was told that his 46 could not be answered it was 47 prison rules, but he didnt lose heart and 48 this one-sided correspondence(通信). He wrote twice a week. Into those letters he 49 his whole soul, all his experiences and all his confidence. It must have been 50 writing those letters, often in pain, and 51 when there was no reply. Often he felt discouraged and 52 to give it up. But it was his only remaining activity and he was determined to continue as 53 as he could. At last he got a letter. It was very 54 . All it said was, “Please write on the best paper you can afford. Your letters are passed from cell(牢房) to cell 55 they fall to pieces.”36. A. hurt B. lost C. injuredD. destroyed37. A. career B. performance C. mind D. idea38. A. helpless B. bored C. patient D. responsible39. A. problem B. dream C. thought D. man40. A. accept B. receiveC. writeD. post41. A. even B. often C. hardlyD. still42. A. shut in B. shut downC. shut outD. shut up43. A. concernedB. informedC. encouraged D. changed44. A. as B. while C. howeverD. because 45. A. visit B. effort C. look D. try46. A. letters B. telephones C. emails D. telegrams47. A. aboutB. among C. against D. for48. A. faced B. began C. took D. tolerated49. A. keptB. put C. broughtD. explained50. A. hardB. uselessC. fantasticD. possible51. A. completely B. particularly C. usually D. totally52. A. hoped B. offeredC. intendedD. sought53. A. soon B. much C. many D. long54. A. stupidB. short C. long D. impolite 55. A. beforeB. until C. after D. when第三部分 阅读理解 阅读下列短文，然后从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳答案。 The desire to explore is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go. A large part of the human history is connected with the exploration of the world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, and to make known the unknown. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now outer space is receiving their attention. Why should man take the trouble of conquering space? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will result in. But one knows, from past experience in other areas, that man will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and the new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space flights on him, will be extremely valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some ways. The areas that will benefit are manifold. They include communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say definitely just what the practical results will be is almost impossible.56. The main idea of the first paragraph is that _.A. man desires to explore what is unknownB. man often goes wherever his dreams goC. man is no longer interested in the study of the land and seaD. mans history is his exploration of the world57. The underlined word “manifold” in the second paragraph probably means “_”.A. vastB. variousC. valuable D. practical58. The author seems to be in favor of _.A. cutting back on space explorationB. the exploration of spaceC. exploring space rather than the seaD. allowing everyone to experience outer space59. From the passage, we know that _.A. scientific knowledge is gained from conquering spaceB. conquering space is mans
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