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英语阅读理解专项训练-判断推理型判断推理型这类题主要考查学生根据文章字面意思及语篇逻辑关系，从而看出细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等的能力。判断推理题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断。提问整篇文章或某段某句的含蓄意思时，问句中一般都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest（推断，暗指）等词。对付这类题时不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，还要知道其潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示，同时要对它们作合理的猜测。考核考生对整个语篇进行推理分析的能力时，通常是以下列方式提出问题的：1. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that _.2. What can be inferred from the passage?3. We can infer from the text that ?4. What can we learn from ?5. We can conclude from the passage that _ . 6. We can conclude that.7. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that _ .8. The author implies that _ .9. The writer suggests that.10. By asking a series of questions in Para 5, the author mainly intends to indicate that _. 考核考生对作者观点、态度及语气、语调的理解时，常见的设问有： 1. What does the author think of.?2. How does the author feel about.?3. Whats the tone of this passage?4. The purpose in writing this text is to _. 5. The author writes this passage to _.6. The author in this passage intends to _. 7. The authors attitude toward is _ ?解题技巧：1) 判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。2) 全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。3) 善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。4）不可直接选取文中的原句。Passage 1Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping （蹦极跳） to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic （有弹性的） rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists （心理学家） suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival （生存） . Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. 1.The writer of the text has a _ attitude （态度） towards dangerous sports. A. positive （肯定的） B. negative （否定的） C. neutral （中立的） D. nervous CPassage 2Since my retirement（退休）from teaching music in 2001,I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my lather died. so perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father, or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes（风景画）much influenced（影响）by Krenkel and St. John for five years. For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be the closest to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice, and I think I did my best work there, showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions. Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said, At seventy I can follow my hearts desire.1.We can infer from the text that the author_.A .had been taught by Krenkel and St. JohnB. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 yearsC. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolorsD. started his retirement life at the age of seventy2.How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist?A. Very enjoyable. B.A bit regretful.C. Rather busy. D. Fairly dull.CAPassage 3I was the middle child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I hardly saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely. I had the lonely childs habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons, and I think from the very start my literary ambitions（文学志向） were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated（孤独） and undervalued. I knew that I had a natural ability with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. However, the quantity of serious writing which I produced all through my childhood would not add up to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation. I cannot remember anything about it except that it was about a tiger and the tiger had “chair-like teeth” - a good enough expression. At eleven, when the war of 1914-18 broke out, I wrote a poem which was printed in the local(地方的） newspaper, as was another, two years later, on the death of Kitchener. From time to time, when I was a bit older, I wrote bad and usually unfinished “nature poems”. I also, about twice, attempted a short story which was a failure. That was the total of the would-be serious work that I actually set down on paper during all those years.1. From the text, we learn that as a little boy the writer . A. had no playmates B. showed his gift for writing C. put out lots of poems and stories D. got his first poem published in 19162.What can be inferred about the writer? A.He was least favoured in his family. B.He had much difficulty in talking with others. C.He had an unhappy childhood for lack of care. D.His loneliness resulted in his interest in writing. .B DPassage 4I was 9 years old when I found out my father was ill. It was 1994, but I can remember my mothers words as if it were yesterday: “Kerrel, I dont want you to take food from your father, because he has AIDS. Be very careful when you are around him.”AIDS wasnt something we talked about in my country when I was growing up. From then on, I knew that this would be a family secret. My parents were not together anymore, and my dad lived alone. For a while, he could take care of himself. But when I was 12, his condition worsened. My fathers other children lived far away, so it fell to me to look after him.We couldnt afford all the necessary medication for him, and because Dad was unable to work, I had no money for school supplies and often couldnt even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teachers words muffled as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage.I did not share my burden (负担) with anyone. I had seen how people reacted to AIDS. Kids laughed at classmates who had parents with the disease. And even adults could be cruel. When my father was moved to the hospital, the nurses would leave his food on the bedside table even though he was too weak to feed himself.I had known that he was going to die, but after so many years of keeping his condition a secret. I was completely unprepared when he reached his final days. Sad and hopeless, I called a woman at the nonprofit National AIDS Support. That day, she kept me on the phone for hours. I was so lucky to find someone who cared. She saved my life.I was 15 when my father died. He took his secret away with him, having never spoken about AIDS to anyone, even me. He didnt want to call attention to AIDS. I do.1. Why did Kerrel keep her fathers disease a secret?A. She was afraid of being looked down upon.B. She thought it was shameful to have AIDS.C. She found no one willing to listen to her.D. She wanted to obey her mother.2. Why did Kerrel write the passage?A. To tell people about the sufferings of her father.B. To show how little people knew about AIDS.C. To draw peoples attention to AIDS.D. To remembered her father.ACPassage 5A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 foreign students. It shows that most students considered understanding spoken English to be their bigger problem on arrival. This was followed by speaking, Writing increased as a problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in. Reading remained as a significant（显著的）problem. The information signed helped up in determining where special attention should be paid in our course. Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation（动机）,we considered it important to note what seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching in their own country. To use the same method would be self-defeating because it might reduce motivation, especially if it has failed in the pest. Therefore a different method may help because it is different. Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining（保持）or increasing motivation Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. This led up to a major re-think, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.1.Writing became a bigger problem when foreign students_. A. had to writs their papers B. became better at speaking C. became less interested in reading D. had fewer problems with listening2.We may infer from the last two paragraphs that_. A. different teaching methods should be used B. grammar-based teaching seems to be encouraging C. English courses are necessary for foreign students D. teaching content should be changed halfwayAA判断推理型2一、对文章的体裁和来源作出判断 考试大纲就明文规定：体裁避免单一化，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。而文章的来源指的是该文的出处，是选自小说，报刊杂志，还是科技论文，书评等，这就得靠考生自己作出判断了。通常这类问题的提问方式有以下几种： 1.This selection （节选） might be some parts of a book concerned with. 2. This passage might be taken out of a book dealing with. 3. Where did this passage most probably appear? 4.These extracts （摘录） are probably taken from. 5. This passage would most likely be found in _ ?那么如何判断文章的体裁和来源呢？ 判断体裁应根据其写作特点和叙述的内容，故事、评论、阐述对话各有其特点，是不难区分的。判断其来源要留心所选的部分是哪一类的，涉及哪方面的内容。一篇故事是不可能取材于科学杂志，新闻报道也不可能刊载在书评内。因此，判断文章来源应将文章的形式及内容特点加以综合考虑才能下结论。二、 对前后的内容作出判断与预测 这是要求你对该选段前面未取部分或其后将要谈及的内容，作出判断与预测。通常提问的方式有： 1. The paragraph preceding（先于.） this one most probably discusses .2. The paragraph preceding this extract probably deal with.3. What does the paragraph following the passage most likely discuss?4. What do you think the author will discuss in the next part?5. The author intend to explain next .6. According to the passage youve read, the writer will probably suggest next . 如何判断和预测前后的内容呢？由于所选文章的前后内容都未出现，且该部分是孤立的一段或几段，因此要准确作出判断，并非易事。这就要求我们在看文章时，要带着问题去阅读。首先，我们对所读的选段要有一个全局的概念，弄清它所涉及的全部内容，哪些可能已谈过，哪些还没谈，而我们正在阅读的摘选部分就是你作出分析的参照物了。其次，我们要从文章的语篇结构上去分析。一篇文章通常由导言、正文和结束语构成。导言一般要概述全篇内容，它规定了文章的主线或中心内容。借助导言，我们能紧紧把握作者的思路，从而有利于对文章的理解。正文是文章的主体，也是最常选摘的部分。正文的各段内容都由导言确定，也就是说，正文不论述导言中未提及的观点和内容。结束语是文章的收尾部分，尤其是正式论文往往通过它而使全篇得到提纲挈领的概括并从中得出结论。 因此，通过对文章的篇章结构的分析，就可判断已谈了什么或将要谈什么。Passage 1More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured （受伤） each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt （安全带） saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility （责任） to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing （倒退） your vehicle or you are making a local delivery （发送） or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances （情形） apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. Question: This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement （广告） D. a government information booklet （小册子） 这篇文章由不系安全带造成的危害引出不系安全带会处以什么样的惩罚，以及哪些情况下可以不系安全带。很显然，文章应该是从警方的报告中节选下来的，答案是 B 。 Passage 2Its 2035. You have a job, a family and youre about 40 years old. Welcome to your future life. Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror, Turn red, you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronic are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe that you are 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. Youre not even middle-aged. As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear: To lose weight, you shouldnt eat that, from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast? A list of possible foods appear on the counter as kitchen checks its food supplies. Ready for your trip to space. You ask your son and daughter. In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space. and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacation. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, The doctor said you need these for space travel. Thanks to medical advices, vaccination shots are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door. Its time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. My office. Autopilot, you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video films rather than read it. 1. How do the shoes know that you shouldnt eat the breakfast cereal? A. By pouring the breakfast into a bowl. B. By listening to the doctors advice. C. By testing the food supplies in the kitchen. D. By checking the nutrition details of the food. 2. How is the text organized? A. In order of timeB. In order of frequency. C. In order of preference. D. In order of importance. DA Passage 3Why I Dont Spare “Spare Change”“Poor but honest.” “The deserving (值得帮助的) poor.” These words always come to my mind when I think of “the poor.” But I also think of people who, perhaps through alcohol (酒) or drugs, have ruined not only their own lives but also the lives of others in order to give way to their own pleasure. Perhaps alcoholism and drug addiction (上瘾) really are “diseases,” as many people say, but my own feeling - based. Of course, not on any serious study - is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the “undeserving poor.” And that is largely why I dont give spare change to beggars.But surely among the street people there are also some who can rightly be called “deserving.” Deserving what? My spare change? Or simply the governments assistance? It happens that I have been brought up to believe that it is proper to make contributions to charity (慈善机构), but if I give some change to a beggar, am I making a contribution to charity and thereby helping someone, or, am I perhaps simply encouraging someone not to get help? Or, maybe even worse, am I supporting a cheat?If one believes in the value of private charity, one can either give to needy people or to charitable organizations. In giving to a beggar one may indeed be helping a person who badly needs help, but one cannot be certain that one is giving to a needy person. In giving to an organization, on the other hand, one can feel that ones money is likely to be used wisely. True, facing a beggar one may feel that this particular unfortunate person needs help at this moment - a cup of coffee or a sandwich - and the need will not be met unless I put my hand in my pocket right now. But I have come to think that the beggars whom I meet can get along without my spare change, and indeed perhaps they are actually better off for not having money to buy alcohol or drugs.I know nothing about these beggars, but its my impression that they simply prefer begging to working. I am not generalizing about street people. I am talking about the about whom I acturally meet. Thats why I do not give “spare change,” and I dont think I will in the future.1. What does the author think of beggars who take drugs?A. They should be given a check-up.B. They really need money to live.C. They have no pleasure in life.D. They are not worth helping.2. In the second paragraph, the author presents his idea by _.A. asking questions for people to think aboutB. giving examples to support his argumentC. raising questions and answering themD. expressing his opinions directly3. Which of the following opinions does the author accept?A. Drug addiction is a disease.B. Some street people are poor and needy.C. Most beggars have received enough help.D. Charitable organizations handle money properly.DABPassage 4 Have you ever dreamed of having a fashionable watch of great value?A small watchmaker in Switzerland in 1922 designed the first automatic(自动的)watch to show the day, month, and date, Only seven of these splendid watches were ever made and these watches were almost lost to history. Today, it is so hard to get an original (首批的) watch that some watch historians are even willing to offer $ 200,000 for one.These watches attracted a lot of people for their splendid color, fashionable style, and new uses in the 1920s. The owners of the watches were admired and set apart from the crowd. Because the number of the original watches is very limited, owning such a watch will make you feel very special.Today, you are offered the same kind of watch with improvement. It has a 24-jewel mechanical(机械的) movement, the kind desired by watch collectors, The watchmaker has made the movement of the watch much more modern with an automatic rotor(上弦装置) so that the watch never needs to be wound by hand. The Design on it. To get a watch in such a perfect design to know history and to wear such a watch will show your You can get the wat
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