高考英语核心动词归类.doc

高考英语核心动词归类动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点， 在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。一、连系动词类连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：1变化类 表事物发展变化的过程，如become，go，turn，grow，get，fall等。2感觉类 表人体部位的感受，如feel，smell，taste，look，sound等。3状态类 表事物所处的状态，如keep，come，run，remain，stand，lie，stay，prove等。4外表特征类 表外表给人的印象，如appear，seem，look等。连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如feel，get，become，grow等)外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：The mixture is tasted terrible. (误)The mixture tastes terrible (正)Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in. (误)Jim pretended to fall/be sleep when his mother came in. (正)Im feeling much better than ever before.It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall.【高考例题】(1)NMET1994Do you like the material?Yes, it _ very soft.A.is feelingB.feltC.feelsD.is felt(2) NMET2003Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?It will _ fresh for several days.A.be stayedB.stayC.be stayingD.have stayed(3) 2004春上海The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seatingC.seatedD.to be seating(4) 2002北京Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _ run over by a car.A.have B.get C.become D.passed(5)2004天津Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ twenty-one already.A.become B.turnedC.grownD.passed (6)2004全国Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.A.get changedB.get changeC.get changingD.get to change(7)2004湖北On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale.A.gotB.changedC.wentD.appeared(8)2004上海The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt(9) 2002春上海Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor.A.proves B.remains C.maintains D.continues(10)I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes(11) 2005浙江Owe! Ive burned myself!How did you do that?I _ a hot pot.A.touchedB.keptC.feltD.heldKey:CBCBB ACBBBA二、感官动词类常考的感官动词有see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，find，catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。I often heard the song sung，but I have never heard you sing itWhen you go to watch the football watch，you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win2.后接v.-ing形式表正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea，we let ont a shout of joy.Hearing this，I felt my heart beating fast3.后接v.-ed形式表被动意义。 After his return twenty years later, he found his hometown greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.【高考例题】(1)NMET2000The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A.carry outB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carry out(2)NMET2003A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.to smokeD.smoked(3)The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play(4)NMET1993The salesman scolded the girl who was caught _ and let her off.A.to have stolenB.to be stealingC.to steal D.stealing(5) 2004春北京He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be puttingC.to put D.puttingKey: CBADD三、使役动词类表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make，let，have，keep，leave，set，send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况。1.make，let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want toIf you have any problems，just let me know在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中。He was made to apologize to the guest2.have，keep，leave，send，set，get等后接v.-ing形式，表持续性动作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3.have，keep，leave等后接v-ed形式，表被动含义。He didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repairedIll keep you informed as soon as I have the news【高考例题】(1)2004天津Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teethA.runB.runnig C.being runD.to run(2) 2004重庆Laws that punish parents for their childrens actions against the laws get parents A.worried B.to worry C.worryingD.worry (3)2003春安徽Why did you go back to the shop?I left my friend _ there . A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits (4)NMET1991It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. A.to burnB.burnC.burningD.burned (5)NMET1989Good morning, can I help you? Id like to have this package _, madam.A.be weighedB.weighingC.weighedD.to weigh (6)NMET1991The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself.A.hearB.to hearC.hearingD.heard(7)1994上海As you have never been there hefore, Ill have someone _ you the way.A.showB.to showC.showing D.showed(8)NMET1995Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning(9)1999上海A computer can do only what thinking people _. A.have it doB.have it done C.have done itD.having it done(10)1998上海Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong.A.it B.it repairedC.repaired D.to be repaired(11)2005福建If anyone happens to drop in while Im out,_ him or her leave a messase.A.haveB.getC.askD.tellKey:BCACC DABACA四、含情感色彩的动词这类动词有excite，inspire，encourage，interest，satisfy，delight，please，move，frighten，surprise，amaze，astonish，shock，worry，astonish，disappoint，discourage，exhaust，puzzle，tire，terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有v.-ing和v.-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，v.-ing形式指人，v.-ed形式则指事物。The story was so moving that everyone present was movedto tears. What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.高考例题(l)2000春北京Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _ his boss.A.servesB.satisfiesC.promisesD.supports(2)2002春NMETlm very _ vith my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious.Mm,it does have a _ smell.A.pleasant; pleasedB.pleased; pleasedC.pleasant; pleasantD.pleased; pleasant(3) 2003春北京Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A.tired; boringB.tiring; boredC.tired; bored D.tiring; boring(4)2003上海It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader.A.interested; interest B.interesting; be interestedC.interested; be interesting D.interesting; interest (5)2004春上海After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home _.A.being exhausted B.exhaustedC.exhausting D.having exhaustedKey: BDADB五、后接不定式动词类afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn,offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen 等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。Thank you for offering to help,but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bieycle when he was a small boy.(1)NMET1995We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meetingC.to meet D.to have met(2)NMET1992Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be takenB.to takeC.being taken D.taking(3)2004辽宁I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the U. S. A. this September.A.to be heard B.to be hearingC.to hear D.to have heard(4)NMET1989She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeingC.to not see D.having not seen(5)2001上海Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything.A.to tell B.to be toldC.to be telling D.to have been told(6)2005天津I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody. but the managers plan is unfair.A.to soundB.to be soundedC.soundingD.to have soundedKey: CADADA六、后边v.-ing形式动词类该类动词常考的有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, postphone, resist, risk, stand, suggest等。这些动词须接v.-ing形式作宾语。例如：I dont mind wailing, but Ive got to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practising speaking English every, day can you expect to improve your spoken English.【高考例题】(1) I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you callC.your calling D.youre calling(2)1996上海While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuade B.persuadingC.being persuaded D.be persuaded(3)1992上海He has always insisted on his _ Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner.A.been calledB.calledC.being called D.having called(4)2004上海I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.A.to have had timeB.having timeC.to have time D.to having time(5)1994上海Do you mind _ alone at home?A.Jane leaving B.Jane having leftC.Janes being left D.Jane to be left(6)NMET1991I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sailC.sailing D.to have sailedKey: CBCBCC七、后接不定式与v.-ing形式意义不同动词类remember，try，regret，mean forget，stop，go on，cant help等后接不定式与v.-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember过去发生的动作将来的动作try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图（打算）做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事情做完一件事后，接着做另一件事forget忘记以前曾做过某事忘记做某事stop中断正在做的事情中断正在做的事，去做别的事例如：I remember being pad，but Ive forgotten the exactamountPlease remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.I dont really mean to work here，which means leaving the job soon afterwards.【高考例题】（1）NMET1991The light in the office is still on.Oh，I forgot _.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off （2）NMET1995You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well，now I regret_that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done（3）1997上海She cant helpthe house because shes busy making a cakeA. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. being cleaned（4）NMET1992I usually go there by train.Why not_by boat for a change？A. to try goingB. trying to goC.to try and goD. try going （5）1999上海Let me tell you something about the journalists.Dont you remember_me the story yesterday?A. told B. telling Cto tellDto have told（6）NMET1992The library needs_，but Ill have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaningB. be cleanedC. being cleanedD. clean （7）2002春上海In some parts of London，missing a bus means for another hour.A. waitingB.to wait C.waitD.to be waiting （8）NMET1990She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A. resting B. to have restedC. rested D. to rest （9）NMET1989Go on_the other exercise after you have finished this one.A. to doB. doingC. withD. to be doing Key：BDADBAADA八、进行时态表将来意义动词类这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come，start，arrive，take，leave，move等。例如：When are you going off to for Shanghai？Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.【高考例题】（1）2001春NMETIve won a holiday for two to Florida. I_my mum.A. am takingB. have takenC. takeD. will have taken（2）1989上海What were you doing when he came to see you？I had just put on my overcoat and_visit a friend.A.leavingB.was left C.left D. was leaving（3）2004天津What were you doing when Tony phoned you？I had just finished my work and _to take a shower. A. had started B.startedC. have started D. was starting Key：ADD九、主动表被动动词类英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：1某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell，wash，write，last，read，wear等。这种“动词副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.Written in simple English，this article reads easily.2.某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open(打开，营业)，close(关门），shut(关闭），cut（切割），weigh（重），act（上演）等。The door wont shut.This shop opens much earlier than it used to.Each stone weighs 2 tons.3.某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版）,come up（出现）come into being（产生）come to ones mind（想起），turn out（证明是），come about(发生）,break out（爆发），belong to（属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.Suddenly an idea came to his mind.It never occurred to me to phone you.【高考例题】（1）2004全国The evening news comes on at seven oclock and_ only thirty minutes.A. keepsB. continuesC. finishesD. lasts （2）2002北京Mummy，can I put the peaches in the cupboard？No，dear. They dont_well. Put them in the fridge insteadA. keepB. fitC. getD. last（3）1999上海Books of this kind _well.A sellBsellsC.are soldD.is soldKey：DAA十、虚拟语气动词类insist，order，command，suggest，advise，propose，ask，require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“（should）动词原形”。The guard at tht gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires that everyone，young or old，man or women，have his car checked once a year.【高考例题】（1）2004福建How do you_we go to Beijing for our holidays.I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable.A.insistB.wantC.supposeD. suggest（2）1994上海Janes pale face suggested that she_ill，and her parents suggested that she_a medical examinationA.be；should have B. was；haveC.should be；had D. was；has （3）2002上海_sent to work here?AWho do you suggestBWho do you suggest that shouldCDo you suggest who shouldDDo you suggest whom should Key：DBA十一、省略替代类believe，think，suppose，guess，hope，expect，imagine， would like（love）be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?Yes，I think so.Will you be able to come to my birthday party？Id love to，but Im too busy.注意: believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe( think, suppose guess) not,也可以说I dont believe（think，suppose guess）so，但用hope，expect，be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope（expect） not以及Im afraid not。【高考例题】（I）2000春季北京I believe weve met somewhere before.No， Ait isnt the sameBit cant be trueCI dont think soD. Id rather not（2）2003春北京The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they?_.A. I guess not soB. I dont guessC. I dont guess itD. I guess not（3）NMET1994Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?_.A. I dont believeB.I dont believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe notKey：CDD十二、否定转移类think，believe, guess，suppose，imagine，expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。I dont think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory workHe doesnt think Tom will make an excellent player.当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如：I dont think there is anything else I need，is there?He doesnt believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself,does he?【高考例题】（1）2001上海I dont suppose anyone will volunteer，_？A. doB. dont IC. will theyD. wont they（2）2002上海Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera,_?A. is he B. isnt he C.doesnt she D. does sheKey：CD十三、带介词to的动词短语类这类短语有be（get）used to，lead to，devoteto，look forward to，stick to，object to，get down to，there is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用v.-ing形式。例如：Ive got used to driving in all kinds of weather.As soon as she returned home from abroad，she got down to preparing supper for children注意区分介词to与不定式符号to。He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left.（used to表“过去常常”，to为不定式符号，be used to表“习惯于”，to为介词）Im looking forward to seeing you soon.（look forward to 意思是“盼望，期待”，to为介词。）He looked forward to see what was happening.（look forward意为“向前看”，to see是不定式作目的状语。）【高考例题】（1）2001上海Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up（2）2003上海The discovery of new evidence led to_A.the thief having caughtBcatch the thiefC.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught（3）1994上海She looks forward every spring to_the flower lined gardenA. visit B. paying a visit C. walking D. walking inKey：BCD十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类这类动词常考的有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive，stop，finish，borrow，lend，open，close，die，become， break, join, marry, employ，graduate等。瞬间（非延续性动词）表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的for/since短语或since从句连用。例如：He has come here for three years.（误）He has been here for three years.（正）It is three years since he came here.（正）【高考例题】（1）2004江苏Its ten years since the scientist_on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical.A.made for B. set out C.took offD. turned up（2）2000上海My uncle_until he was forty-five.A. marriedB. didnt marriedC. was not marrying D. would marry （3）2003北京David and Vicky married?For about three yearsA.How long were；beingB.How long have; gotC.How long have；beenD.How long did; get（4）2003春北京How long_ at this job?Since 1990A. were you employedC. had you been employedB.have you been employedD. will you be employed （5）NMET1992When Jack arrived he learned Mary_for almost an hour.A.had goneC had leftB.had set offD. had been away （6）（NMET1989）They_friends since they met in Shanghai.A. have made Bhave becomeC have been D. have turnedKey：BBCBDC十五、计划未能实现类intend，mean，hope，wish，plan，expect，think，want，suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。1该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift.I had planned to call on you，but I was too busy to get away.2该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的完成式或一般式。Id like to have arrive on time，but I was caught on the traffic jam.【高考例题】（1）2000春上海You should have thanked her before you left.I meant_，but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A to doB. toC. doingD. doing so（2）2001春北京Why havent you bought any butter?I _to but I forgot about it.A. likedB. wishedC. meantD. expected（3）NMET1997I would love_the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone （4）NMET1997）Alice，why didnt you come yesterday？I_，but I had an unexpected visitor.AhadBwould C. was going toD. did Key：BCBC