高考英语写作复习一：议论文.doc

高2012级高考英语专题辅导书面表达 英语书面表达一：议论文 整理人：刘菊英、易文、陈侨一、对比观点类作文 （1）1. 题型特点：本题型就是要求论述两个对立观点并给出自己的看法。比如“失败是好事还是坏事”。此类文章的基本结构就是：先提出某问题有两种不同的观点，再讨论第一个观点，然后讨论相反的观点，最后给出自己的看法。2. 常见模板_ is becoming more and more popular recently / Recently, we have had a discussion about _. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say _is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason that _. What is more / Moreover / In addition / Additionally / Furthermore, _. However / On the contrary / Nevertheless, others think that _ is a better choice for the following two/three reasons. First of all / To begin with, _. Besides, _. Finally / Last but not least, _. Weighing up the advantages and disadvantages, I prefer the former/ latter view. / For me, the former is surely a wise choice. / From my point of view (As far as I am concerned / When it comes to me), I think _. The reason is that _. 3. 参考范文最近，我们学校就公园是否该征收入园费展开了讨论，同学们的观点主要如下：正方观点：反方观点：支付工资购买新植物打击游客参观兴趣修建收费大门破坏市容请根据同学们的观点分析征收入园费的利弊并谈谈自己的观点和看法。注意：1) 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当添加细节使行文连贯；2) 词数：100词左右。Recently, we have had a discussion whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. There are two opposite opinions about it. Some students support the point that fee should be charged for parks, because they need money to pay gardeners and other workers. Moreover, buying plants and young trees also needs a large amount of money, which calls for visitors understanding and support.On the contrary, some other students argue against it. First of all, people need a place where they can have a good rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fee will no doubt keep some people away. Besides, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the image of the city.Personally, I think it is reasonable to charge proper fee for parks. For one thing, visitors will be more aware of protecting the public facilities there; for another, parks can be better managed with adequate money. 一、对比观点类作文 （2）1. 题型特点：本题型要求学生首先给出当前普遍的一种观点，说明持该观点者的理由；然后说明自己反对该观点，并列举出反对的2-3条理由；最后再次强调和重申自己的观点。2. 常见模板Some people believe that _ (观点一). For example, they think _ (举例说明). And it will bring them _ (为他们带来的好处坏处). In my opinion, I never think this point can be justified. /Its disadvantages are far more than its advantages. For one thing, _ (反对理由之一). For another thing, _ (反对的理由之二). From all I have said, I am for/ in favor of the thought that/ I firmly hold/ believe that _ (我对文章所讨论主题的看法).3. 参考范文目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社对此现象向中学生征文，标题是 “My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。要点内容如下：主要原因考试偏多、偏难取悦父母、老师个人看法作弊不对，违反校规要诚实，努力学习注意：1) 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当添加细节使行文连贯；2) 词数：100词左右。Some students believe that cheating in examinations is reasonable. For example, they think they have too many examinations, which are too difficult for them. And if they cheat in an examination, they will get better results to please their parents and teachers. In my opinion, this point can never be justified. For one thing, it breaks the rules of schools to cheat in examinations. This dishonest behavior can not reflect their real progress in study. For another thing, we students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. Whats more, we should improve our learning methods and get well prepared for all the examinations. From all l have said, I firmly hold/ believe that students should be forbidden to cheat in examinations. 二、阐述主题类作文1. 题型特点：本题型就是要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。其基本结构就是：第一段阐述名言或主题所蕴含的意义；第二段分析并举例使其更加充实；最后表明自己的立场。2. 常见模板The good saying _ (名言或谚语) reminds us that _ (释义). Indeed, we can learn many things from it. First of all, _ (理由一). For example, _ (举例说明). Secondly, _ (理由二). Another case is that _ (举例说明). Furthermore, _ (理由三). In my opinion, _ (我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying _ (这句名言或谚语). If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, youll necessarily benefit a lot from it. 3. 参考范文假如你们学校“英语爱好者俱乐部”将对“良好饮食习惯”这一话题进行讨论。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。内容要点应包括：1) 部分同学的饮食习惯；2) 良好的饮食习惯；3) 个人看法。注意：1) 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当添加细节使行文连贯；2) 词数：100词左右。 3) 参考词汇: 偏食be particular about food 零食 snackDear friends,As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, its very important for us to form healthy eating habits, so its very important for us to form healthy eating habits. However, bad eating habits are still very common among us students, which will surely do harm to our health. To keep fit, first of all, we should have healthy diets. For example, we can often eat proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as main food. Moreover, wed better have meals regularly and dont eat too much or too little in each meal. In my opinion, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body. In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying “We are what we eat”. If you understand it and apply it to your life, youll surely benefit a lot from it. Thats all. Thank you!三、解决问题类作文1. 题型特点：学会如何解决问题是每个学生应该掌握的本领。像“如何充分利用时间” 、“怎样保护环境”等。本模板的思路就是要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径。基本结构是：(1) 问题现状和严重性；(2) 怎样解决（不同解决方案的优缺点）；(3) 我对解决该问题很有信心。2. 常见模板In recent years, we have to face a problem _ (某种问题), which is becoming more and more serious. First, _ (说明A的现状). Second, _ (举例进一步说明现状).We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, _ (解决方法一). For another, _ (解决方法二). Finally, _ (解决方法三).Personally, I believe that _ (我的解决办法). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is waiting for us because _ (带来的好处).3. 参考范文近年来，很多学生的视力越来越糟。请你根据此问题提出一些可行的解决办法帮助同学们保护视力。内容要点应包括：1) 很多学生视力下降；2) 具体的解决办法：如不要长时间用眼；注意阅读时的外界环境；勤做眼保健操等；3）重申保护视力的重要性或作用。注意：1) 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当添加细节使行文连贯；2) 词数：100词左右。In recent years, we have to face a problem that many students have poor eyesight. The situation is becoming more and more serious. As we all know, it is important for everyone to keep good eyesight.We should take a series of effective measures to cope with/ deal with/ solve the problem. (To cope with/ deal with/ solve the problem, I have some measures for reference). First and foremost, we shouldnt keep our eyes working for a long time. Wed better have a rest after we have studied an hour or so. Besides, we are supposed to take good care of our eyes. Wed better not read in the sun or in a poor light. Reading in bed or on a moving bus also does harm to our eyesight, so we should avoid reading in these places. Finally, we are advised to do eye exercises every day, which will also help us keep good eyesight.Personally, I believe only if we obey the rules above can we prevent our eyesight from becoming short-sighted./ We should protect our eyesight before it is too late, for it can hardly be recovered once damaged.四、说明利弊类作文（1）1. 题型特点：针对这种题型，我们先说明一下现状，再对比两种情况的利弊，有时也可单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后要表明自己的态度（或对当前存在的问题提出建议）。文章的基本结构是：(1) 说明现状；(2) 优缺点比较（或一方面）；(3) 你对现状（或前景）的看法或者建议。2. 常见模板Nowadays/ Recently, with+非谓语或者名词/ as+句子, it is common that_ / it is a common practice that _ / there is a trend/ phenomenon that_ / sth. is becoming / getting more and more_ / sb. tend to be/do/ there is a tendency that _ / _ is becoming / getting more and more (描述当前趋势或者现象).Every / Each coin has two sides and there is no exception to the trend. / The trend has both positive and negative effects on our life. On the one hand, it is beneficial to _ (优势). On the other hand / On the contrary / However, _ (缺点).To solve the problem, I have two suggestions to make. To begin with, the government should_ (第一条建议). Besides, / Moreover, / In addition, / Additionally, people are advised to _（第二条建议）.或者采用下列结构提建议：To avoid its negative effects, I have some suggestions / advice for reference. First of all, _ (第一条建议). Furthermore / Whats more / More importantly / Most importantly, _ (第二条建议).3. 参考范文作为中国传统习惯，中秋节期间食用月饼非常普遍。然而，随着人民生活水平的提高，中秋月饼的包装也越来越复杂。请针对这种趋势用英语写一篇短文，内容包括：1） 目前，中秋月饼的包装越来越复杂；2） 这种趋势的利弊；3） 请提出你的建议（至少两条）。注意：1) 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当添加细节使行文连贯；2) 词数：100词左右；3) 参考词汇：趋势trend（singular）包装材料wrappings（plural.）包装 wrap up（vt.）。As one of the traditional Chinese customs, having moon-cakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival is quite common all over the country. However, a trend has been found that the moon-cakes are complicatedly wrapped up in various materials as peoples living standards are improving in recent years. To be honest, Ive got mixed feelings about it. On the one hand, it is good, for the beautiful wrappings increases customers desire to buy the moon-cakes. On the other hand, over-wrappings are a waste of natural resources. Whats more, more money will be spent on the unnecessary wrappings.To solve this problem, Id like to offer two suggestions. First of all, people should be told the harm this trend does to our environment. In addition, high tax should be put on the overwrapped moon-cakes. Only in this way can this trend be stopped.四、说明利弊类作文（2）1. 题型特点：针对这种题型，我们先说明一下现状，再对比两种情况的利弊，有时也可单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后要表明自己的态度（或对当前存在的问题提出建议）。文章的基本结构是：（1）说明现状；(2) 优缺点比较（或一方面）；(3) 你对现状（或前景）的看法或者建议。2. 常见模板Nowadays many people prefer to do _ (某种行为). Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First of all, _ (优点之一). Besides, _ (优点之二).But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent/ obvious. One of the important disadvantages is that_ (第一个缺点). To make matters worse, _ (第二个缺点).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to_ (我的看法).From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of _ (这种行为), we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only in this way _ (对前景的预测).3. 参考范文网络给人们带来了便利，现在青少年学生在闲暇时间都喜欢上网。请针对这种趋势用英语写一篇短文，内容包括：1) 学生上网的优势（至少两条）；2) 学生上网带来的弊端（至少两条）；3) 你对此趋势的看法和观点。注意：1) 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当添加细节使行文连贯；2) 词数：100词左右。Nowadays many youngsters prefer to go online in their spare time. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. To begin with, through the Internet, they can gain new knowledge and the latest news at home and abroad. Besides, the network offers them a convenient way to communicate with each other. The Internet makes their life outside class colorful.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that some students prefer to play computer games instead of studying their lessons. To make matters worse, some students are often absent from school for days, for they have been addicted to playing computer games.Through the analysis above, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to go online in my spare time and make the most of its positive effects to improve my study.议论文重点句型翻译练习Its a fact that举一反三1. No one can deny the fact that2. We must admit the undeniable fact that3. Its obvious / apparent that4. As everyone can see, 5. As is known to all, Translation Exercises1. 很显然，知识在我们的一生中扮演很重要的作用。_2. 毫无疑问，运动与健康息息相关。_3. 众所周知，我们的交通状况不能令人满意。_4. 我们不能忽略这个事实，抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。_5. 现实情况是污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。_6. 大家都理解，违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。_7. 使用清洁能源的优点是它不会制造任何污染。_8. 全世界都知道森林对我们是不可或缺的。_9. 我们应该强调保护眼睛的重要性。_10. 现在，越来越多的学生希望出国深造开拓视野。_11. 一个好的专业对于以后的择业是有很大帮助的。_12. 因为全球变暖，环境污染和人口增加，全球性的水资源短缺变得越来越严重。_13. 我们生活在一个信息化时代，互联网的作用越来越重要。_14. 我们要采取措施减少污染，更重要的是在经济发展和环境保护中找到平衡。_15. 燃放鞭炮既是中国的传统风俗，又可以增加节日气氛。_16. 建设国际旅游岛会吸引更多游客，带动旅游业发展。_17. 建设国际旅游岛增加就业机会，提高居民的生活水平。_18. 有些同学在高考前特别疲倦和紧张。我的建议是同学要保证足够的睡眠和均衡的膳食。 _19. 除此以外，还要注意改善自己的学习方法，提高课堂效率，保持良好的心态。_20. 学英语要养成良好的英语学习习惯（如：要多看英语电视和电影；扩大词汇量）；更重要的是要有自信；多讲，多用，不要怕出错。_议论文重点句型翻译练习参考答案Reference Answers:1. It is obvious/ apparent that knowledge plays a vital part/ role in our lifetime.2. No one can deny the fact that exercise is closely related to health.3. As everyone can see, traffic is not satisfactory. / is far from satisfying (satisfactory).4. No one can deny the fact that smoking has a strong influence on our health. No one can deny the fact that smoking does great harm to our health No one can deny the fact that smoking has a bad / negative effect on our health.5. We must admit the undeniable fact that pollution has caused / made / become a big threat to our existence / survival.6. Everyone understands / It is understood that people who break traffic rules / regulations should be punished.7. The advantage / merit / strength of using clean energy is that it produces / causes no pollution of any kind.拓展：drawback (只用于指物的缺点)人、物的优缺点：advantages and disadvantages (优劣势、长短处); merits and demerits;strengths and weaknesses;strong /good points and weak points/ shortcomings.8. As everyone / As the whole world can see, forests are necessary for / indispensable to us humans.9. We are supposed to / ought to / should emphasize / lay emphasis on the importance of vision protecting / protecting eyes / eyesight.We cant emphasize the importancetoo much. 10. Nowadays, more and more students / an increasing number of students hope to broaden their horizons by going / studying abroad.11. A good major will be of great help / benefit when one chooses a future career.A good major is beneficial to one to choose a job in the future.12. As a result of/ Due to/ Owing to/ Because of global warming, environmental pollution and growing population, water shortage around the world is becoming more and more serious.13. We are living in an Information Age where / in which the Internet is more and more important / plays an increasingly important role.14. We must take measures to reduce pollution and more importantly, keep the balance of the economic development and environmental protection.15. Setting off / Letting off / Exploding firecrackers is not only a Chinese custom, but also an addition to / adds to the festive atmosphere /air.16. The construction of/ Building (up) an international tourism island can attract more tourists and encourage/ promote the development of tourism as well.17. Building (up) an international tourism island can increase the chances of employment and improve citizens/peoples living standard.18. Some students feel extremely tired and nervous before the College Entrance Examination. My suggestion is that/ I suggest that they (should) ensure enough sleep and a balanced diet.19. Besides/In addition, they should pay attention to improving their learning methods, promoting efficiency in class, and keeping a good state of mind. 20. To learn English well, you should form a good learning / study habit, such as watching English programs on TV and movies, and enlarging vocabulary. More importantly, you should be confident, speak more, and practice / use it more. Dont be afraid of making mistakes.