资源描述
副 词本节主要讲解：1.副词的分类2.位置与作用3.副词的排列顺序4.比较级和最高级5.副词的辨析。用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子。1.副词的分类副词的分类如下表：时 间 副 词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today,tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how,too, also, yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so, then, early, late,always,anywhere, rather, quite,alone,when,as, on, off,once, soon, just,usualy,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, inside, out, much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, not, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,关系副词maybe,after, whenevernear, nearby,as long as等,where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,wherevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everwhere,a little,a bitwhen,2. 副词在句子中的位置以及作用作状语： 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意，early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路) 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次) 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光) 地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回) 程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车) 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！) (2)作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：Im very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)(3)作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)(4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)注意 “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。) 副词修饰动词时，通常放在被修饰的动词后面；修饰形容词时，通常放在这个形容词前面；修饰其他副词时，通常放在被修饰副词的前面。3副词的排列顺序（1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。（2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.（3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.4. 副词的比较级和最高级 副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别，其变化规则同形容词相同。(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容词/副词原级 +.They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +.如： Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢) 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+. Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型： 主语(A)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(B)+.如： This book didnt cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是： (3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of .如：He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)以上句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的) as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine. 要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is clever than his brother. 要避免将主语含在比较对象中 (错) China is larger than any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia. 要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.5. 兼有两种形式的副词 （1) close与closelyclose意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.（2)late 与lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?（3)deep与deeply deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.（4)high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.（5)wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方 He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.（6)free与freelyfree的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.
展开阅读全文