形容词和副词用法总结归纳讲解.doc

第三章 形容词和副词形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。何时用形容词何时用副词是许多同学搞不清楚的地方。一些常见形容词、副词的区别也是高考的一个重点。第1讲 形容词和副词的选用考点1. 根据所作的句子成分选用形容词和副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用副词，这时，副词作状语；作定语、表语和补语时一般用形容词。可简单归结为：形作“定表补”；副修“副句形动”(可谐音记为“付诸行动”)，常做状语。常见的使用形容词的情况：作表语、定语、补语。He is a careful boy.（作定语，用形容词）He is careful.（作表语，用形容词）You must keep your eyes closed. （作宾语补足语，用形容词）。常见的使用副词的情况：修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.(认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词)This material is environmentally friendly.（修饰形容词用副词）He runs very slowly.（修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子用副词）. 用括号内词的形容词或副词形式的适当形式填空, 并说明为什么用这种形式。1. This math problem is _ and I can work it out _.(easy)2. There was a _ wind last night, it blew _.(strong)3. The boys have a _ time, theyre playing _.(happy)4. The_ girl sings very _. (beautiful)5. “Ive missed it,” Robert said _. (angry)6. _（surprising）, he returned safe and sound (安然无恙地) the next morning.7. _ (hope), he can get on well with all his classmates in the new school.8. _, he didnt fail in the exam.(luck)9. He was _ ill and I was _ sorry for that. (terrible)10. It was _ (extreme) cold that day and the meeting was _ (especial) important.11. He is an _ singer and he sings _ well. (incredible). 选择括号内的形容词或副词填空。The hikers were walking (1.slow/slowly) up the mountain path. Suddenly, they saw a large creature above them. It looked very (2. strange/strangely), with a large head and thick black hair. The creature screamed (尖叫) （3. loud/loudly. ）It sounded (4.horrible /horribly), like the scream of a mad person. Then the creature ran (5.quick/quickly) behind a rock. When the hikers got there, they saw big footprints in the snow and some black hair on the rocks. The hair was dirty and smelled （6. terrible/terribly）. The hikers (7. careful /carefully) took photos. From that moment they started to feel (8.anxious/anxiously) and they slept (9.bad/badly) that night. When they got back home, they developed (冲洗) the photos. There was nothing there, only snow and rocks!. 单项选择。1. These oranges taste _. A. goodB. wellC. to be goodD. to be well2. 【2006上海春】Some experts think that language learning is much _ for children as their tongues are more flexible. A. easyB. easierC. easily D. more easily3. 【2009福建】It seems that living green is _ easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference. A. exactlyB. fortunatelyC. surprisinglyD. hardly 4. What do you think of the plan? I feel _ that we ought to give it up at once.A. strongB. strongerC. stronglyD. it strong5. 【1993全国】She doesnt speak _ her friend, but her written work is excellent. A. as well asB. so often as C. so much asD. as good as6. 【2004上海】He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker. A. as fluent asB. more fluent than C. so fluently asD. much fluently than7. 【2006湖南】Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _ to the Home Circle Building. A. easy enoughB. enough easyC. easily enoughD. enough easily8. 【2007 上海春】Nowadays the roles of husband and wife are not as _ defined as before, especially when both partners work and earn money for the family. A. clearB. clearerC. clearlyD. more clearly9. 【2007 浙江】Work gets done _ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. A. easilyB. very easyC. more easilyD. easier10. 【2005上海春】What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!During the winter I like my house _.A. warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortableC. warm and comfortablyD. warmly and comfortable11. 【2007 上海春】Although the country has had political independence for over a century, _ it needs the support of its neighbors. A. naturallyB. economically C. especiallyD. luckily12. _, the thief didnt take anything valuable but my notebook. A.Strange it isB. To be strange C. Strangely enoughD. It was strange考点2. 形容词也作状语，但表示主语所处的状态1. 【2013上海】The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really _.A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried2. The old hostess stood _ for a moment when she saw a beggar appear before her suddenly. A. surprisingB. surprised C. surprisedlyD. to surprise3. 【2008北京】 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _.A. hungry and tiredlyB. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredlyD. hungrily and tired4. 【2009浙江】_ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. A. To be triedB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired 考点3. 以-ly结尾的未必都是副词下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly, timely等。考点4. 下列几组词，词尾有无-ly都可作副词一些副词有副词原形和以-ly结尾两种形式。大多数情况下，不以-ly结尾表“具体”，以-ly结尾表“抽象”。1. close与closelyclose意思是“近”; closely 意思是“仔细地，密切地”。如：He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2. late 与latelylate意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”。如：What have you been doing lately?3. deep与deeplydeep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even Father was deeply moved by the film.4. high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。如：The plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.5. wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”,“在许多地方”。如：He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6. free与freelyfree的意思是“免费的”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”。如：You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like.5. 【2002北京】It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. A. closeB. closelyC. closedD. closing6. Hold the book _ please, for I cant see the words in it clearly.A. more closerB. more closely C. closelyD. closer7. Although he was disabled when he was only ten years of age, yet he aimed _, for which his classmates spoke _ of him.A. high; highB. highly; highly C. highly; highD. high; highly第2讲 -ed形容词与-ing形容词-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“（某人）感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“（某事物）令人”或“令人的（事物）”。He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。（他感到恐惧）He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带着令人恐惧的神情。excite 使人兴奋excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的surprise 使吃惊 surprised 感到吃惊的 surprising令人吃惊的amaze使惊奇amazed 感到惊奇的amazing令人惊奇的embarrass使窘迫embarrassed感到窘迫的embarrassing令人窘迫的frustrate使沮丧frustrated 感到沮丧的frustrating令人沮丧的interest使感兴趣interested 感到有兴趣的interesting令人感兴趣的thrill使兴奋thrilled感到兴奋的thrilling令人兴奋的terrify使恐惧terrified感到恐惧的terrifying令人恐惧的please使高兴pleased 感到高兴的pleasing令人高兴的satisfy使满意satisfied感到满意的satisfying令人满意的frighten使害怕frightened 感到害怕的frightening令人害怕的tire使疲倦tired 感到疲倦的tiring 令人疲倦的bore使厌烦bored 感到厌烦的boring令人厌烦的relax使放松relaxed 感到放松的relaxing令人放松的fascinate使神魂颠倒fascinated感到神魂颠倒的fascinating令人神魂颠倒的annoy使恼怒annoyed感到恼怒的annoying令人恼怒的move使感动moved 感到感动的moving令人感动的worry使忧虑worried 感到忧虑的worrying令人忧虑的confuse使困惑confused 感到困惑的confusing令人困惑的touch使感动touched感到感动的touching令人感动的disappoint使失望disappointed感到失望的disappointing令人失望的shock使震惊shocked感到震惊的shocking令人震惊的puzzle使迷惑puzzled感到迷惑的puzzling令人迷惑的练 习. 用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空。1. The children were _ after the trip. (tire)2. The trip was _. (tire)3. The _ children went to bed early after the trip. (tire)4. The _ trip lasted a whole day. (tire)5. The trip made the children _. (tire)6. The bad weather made the trip _. (tire)7. Toms parents are _ at his _ results of the exams. (disappoint)8. _ and angry, he left the meeting-room. (disappoint)9. It is _ that he didnt pass the examination. (disappoint)10. When hearing the _ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were _ to look at each other. (surprise)11. He was _ about his _ son. (worry)12. Im not _ with his interpretation of this sentence. (satisfy)13. He was _ with the _ person. (annoy)14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a _ look on his face. (frighten)15. The situation here is _ and we are _. (encourage)16. I find the shopping very _. I get very _ in supermarkets. (bore)17. I am _ in science. I think its very _. (interest)18. I dont find basketball _. I only get _ when I watch football. (excite)19. He said he was _ (please) with the progress of economy, but I found some of what he said was _ (worry). 单项选择。1. From his _ voice on the phone I know everything is going under way.A. satisfactoryB. satisfying C. satisfiedD. satisfaction2. 【2002春】 Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.Mm, it does have a _ smell. A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasantD.pleased; pleasant3. 【2003北京春】Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring4. 【2004重庆】Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worriedB. to worriedC. worryingD. worry5. He had never spent a _ day.A. more worryB. most worrying C. more worryingD. more worried6. 【2006安徽】Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. A. interestedB. interesting C. interestinglyD. interestedly7. How did you find your visit to the museum?I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected.A. far more interestingB. even much interestedC. so more interestingD. a lot much interested8. Poor boy! His _ looks and _ hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; tremblingB. frightened; trembling C. frightening; trembledD. frightened; trembly 9. What seemed most _ to me was that no one thought of his own safety.A. surprisedB. surprise C. surprisingD. to surprise第3讲 其他相关考点考点1. 副词按意义分类 方式副词suddenly突然地rapidly迅速地 warmly热烈地 successfully成功地 quickly很快地 地点、方向副词here这里 there那里 outside在外边away远离 straight径直地 upstairs上楼 时间副词now现在then当时 soon不久 tomorrow在明天 yesterday在昨天 频度副词（又称：频率副词）always 总是 usually 通常 frequently频繁地 often 经常sometimes有时 seldom 很少 程度副词very非常 quite十分 too太 pretty 相当 rather稍微 extremely极端地 almost几乎考点2. 静态形容词和动态形容词静态形容词：描绘的是人或物在静态下表现出的特征，如tall, big, deep, ugly, beautiful等。大多数形容词都是静态的。动态形容词：描绘的是人或物通过行为活动才能表现出来的特征。(答疑qq 329950885)如： adorable, calm, cheerful, generous, gentle, loyal, nice, noisy, playful, reasonable, rude, shy, slow等。 动态形容词可用于进行时，而静态形容词不可以。如：She is being nice to me.她现在对我很好。但不可说：She is being tall. 动态形容词可用于以动be词开头的祈使句，而静态形容词不可以。例如可以说：Be patient! Be careful!不可以说：Be tall! 动态形容词可用于使役结构,而静态形容词不可以。例如可以说： I persuaded her to be generous.不可以说： I persuaded her to be pretty.1. 【2011全国I】I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _ polite.A. was just beingB. will just beC. had just beenD. would just be考点3. too, so, how, that, as 形容词a/an名词看下列几个短语：a good boyso good a boya hot daytoo hot a daya tall treethat tall a treea beautiful flowerhow beautiful a flowera good giftas good a gift可以看出：单个形容词修饰名词，冠词放在形容词的前面；如果形容词被so, too, that, how, as等词修饰时，(答疑qq 329950885)冠词则放在形容词后面。要掌握下面的同义转换：The boy is so good.= He is so good a boy.What a good boy he is！=How good a boy he is!=I have never seen that good a boy.He is as good as his brother.=He is as good a boy as his brother.The boy is too short to be a basketball player.=He is too short a boy to be a basketball player.2. Alice was _ girl to express herself.A. a much too shyB. too much shy aC. so shy aD. much too shy a 3. Im afraid Ill turn to Prof. Timlingson. It is _.A. too difficult a problem B. a too difficult problemC. so difficult problem D. a so difficult problem4. 【1992上海】 _ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five. A. So a heavyB. So heavy aC. A such heavyD. Such heavy5. 【2003北京】Our neighbor has _ ours. A. as a big house asB. as big a house asC. the same big house asD. a house the same big as6. 【2012四川】 I make $2,000 a week; 60 surely wont make _ difference to me.A. that a bigB. a that big C. big a thatD. that big a7. It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science.A. an art much asB. much an art as C. as an art much asD. as much an art as8. 【1995全国】Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? A. such; suchB. such; so C. so; soD. so; such9. 【1998上海】 It is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. A. so unusualB. such unusual C. such an unusualD. so an unusual10. 【2009上海】The Great Wall is _ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.A. so a well-knownB. a so well-known C. such well-known aD. such a well-known考点4. 形容词顺序几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（the, a, this）+数量词（two）+ 描绘性形容词(beautiful, good, strong) + size（大、小big）+ shape（形状round）+ age（年龄、时间new, young）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（用途目的）+ 名词。如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella;the mans first two interesting little red French oil paintings。可以按这种方法记忆：限数描，形（大小形状）龄色，国材用。可以谐音为: 献树苗，形龄色，我才用。（你向我献树苗，我要先看一下树苗的大小形状树龄和颜色，然后再决定我用还是不用。“形”，先“大小”后“形状”。）也可以按下面的方法记：限定 描述 大长高，形状 年龄与新老；限数 描 （大小） 形 龄颜色 国籍 出材料，用途 类别往后靠。色 国 材 用11. He likes going fishing. He usually uses a _. A. bamboo long fishing poleB. long bamboo fishing poleC. pole long bamboo and fishing D. bamboo fishing long pole12. 【1995全国】How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside. A. few last sunnyB. last few sunny C. last sunny fewD. few sunny last13. 【2013上海】Its a _ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French14. 【2004浙江】_ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young ChineseB. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strongD. Young strong ten Chinese15. 【2004江苏】The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. A. little white woodenB. little wooden whiteC. white wooden littleD. wooden white little16. 【2005北京】 This _ girl is Linds cousin.A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish little prettyC. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish考点5. the加形容词表示一类人a three-year-old girl有连字符,名词不用复数有连字符时，数词和形容词中间的名词用单数。Well have a 30-day-long holiday.此时day不能用复数。17. 【2010上海】 It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _ journey.A. three hourB. a three-hoursC. a three-hourD. three hours18. Now he is _ artist. I have known him since he was _ one-year-old boy.A. a; anB. a; aC. an; anD. an; a19. Many students signed up for the _ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.A. 800-metre-longB. 800 metres long C. 800 metre lengthD. 800 metres length考点6. “be of名词”表特征I. be ofimportance/use等抽象名词of后跟名词value, use, importance, help, interest, benefit, honor, fame, ability, nature, beauty等时，相当于名词所对应的形容词，(答疑qq 329950885)这类名词可用no, any, little, much, great等修饰。如：The book is of great interest.The book is very interesting.The book is of no value.The book is valueless.I want to read something of interest.I want to read something interesting.II. be of不定冠词可数名词也相当于形容词，表示具有某方面的品质。And if poverty is less of a problem and people are better educated, there is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars.He is more of a scholar than a teacher.III. be of+ adj. + 种类、颜色、年龄、形状、价格等名词是size, style, price, age, shape, length, depth, color, height, quality等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，这类名词可用a, an, the same, different, good等修饰。We are both of an age.=We are both of the same age.我们俩同龄。This one and that one are of a price.=This one and that one are of the same price.这样东西和那样东西的价格相同。Coins may be of different shapes.=Coins may be different in shape.硬币有不同的形状。Flowers are of many colors. 花的颜色很多。20. Many people think that English soccer star David Beckham is _ a pop star _ a player.A. mainly; thanB. more of; than C. either; orD. very much; not 21. Youll find this map _ great value in helping you to get around London.A. inB. ofC. toD. is 22. 【2011山东】I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. why23. These two Christmas trees are of _size, but the one they bought yesterday is maybe twice _size of them.A. the; theB. a; theC. a; aD. the; a第4讲 几个常用形容词、副词的用法考点1. some与any的特殊用法一般用法：some, any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。特殊用法： any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any child can do that.（定语）You may take any of them.（宾语） some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。Smith went to some place in England.（定语） 在表示请求、邀请、征求意见等问句中，用some。Would you like some bananas?（邀请）Mum, could you give me some money?(请求) some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”, 相当于“about”; 而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”, 可以修饰比较级。如：There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?1. Would you lend me _ paper to write on?Sorry, I havent got _ myself.A. some; anyB. any; anyC. any; someD. some; some2. When shall we meet again?Make it _ day you like; Its all the same to me.A. oneB. anyC. anotherD. some考点2. yes和no要根据实际情况来选择yes和no容易用混的情况主要出现在：反义疑问句中，否定的一般疑问句和对陈述句的评论上。技巧：把问题转化为含有(答疑qq 329950885) “有没有”“是不是”等的问题，再看是用yes还是用no。在英语中，不管用肯定疑问句来问还是用否定疑问句来问，回答是一样的。回答时，前后是一致的，即：只能说：Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. 不会出现：Yes, it isnt. / No, it is.这样的情况。在反义疑问句中: He isnt from England, is he? _. He is from London.A. No, he isB. No, he isntC. Yes, he isD. Yes, he isnt He is from England, isnt he? _. He is from London.A. No, he isB. No, he isntC. Yes, he isD. Yes, he isnt分析：两个句子都可转换为“他是不是英国人？”。从后文“来自伦敦”可以看出“是英国人”。因此都选择C。在否定的疑问句中：Havent you been to Hong Kang? _. I went there last year.A. Yes, I haveB. No, I haveC. Yes, I haventD. No, I haventHave you been to Hong Kong?_. I went there last year.A. Yes, I haveB. No, I have C. Yes, I haventD. No, I havent分析：首先排除矛盾选项B和C。两句都可转换为“你是不是去过香港？”。从后文中可以看出是“去过”。因此都要选肯定回答A。在对陈述句的评论中： I hear John doesnt treat his wife well._.He often beats her.A. Yes B. No I hear John doesnt treat his wife well._.He thinks she is the loveliest wife in the world.A. Yes B. No分析：在中，句子可转换为“他对待妻子是好还是不好？”。从后文可以看出“不好”。因此选B。在中，从后文可以看出“他对待妻子肯定很好”，因此选A。3. She wouldnt drink her medicine last night, would she? _.A. No, but I wish she wouldnt B. No, but I wish she hadC. Yes, I wish she drankD. Yes, I wish she could4. Dont go there, its too dangerous！ _.A. Yes, I wontB. No, I werentC. No, I cantD. No, I wont5. 【2010四川】Im sorry. That wasnt of much help. Oh, _. As a matter of fact，it was most helpful. A. sure it wasB. it doesnt matter C. of course notD. thanks anyway6. 【1997上海】 _. Thank you, I certainly will. A. Happy birthday to youB. Let me help you with your mathC. Please remember me to your mumD. Dont fo