MBA英语阅读翻译长难句结构分析.doc

英语阅读翻译长难句结构分析（一）一、了解句子主要成分:1. 主语、表语、宾语(1) What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. 商人们自认为他们领导了一场生产力革命，这场革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。（2）The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. 问题在于，近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的，因而它不是经济复苏潜在趋势的结论性证据。(3) Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. 强劲的经济增长势头，随着北半球冬季的到来，有可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。(4) When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. 当一场新的艺术运动形成某种时尚时，理应弄清其倡导者的目标所在，因为无论他们的准则在今天看来是多么牵强附会、不可思议，将来都有可能被视为正常的。 2. 定语 (1) One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand. 另外一个不应因油价上升而失眠的原因是，与20世纪70年代不同，这次油价上升不是发生在普遍的物价暴涨及全球需求过旺背景之下。 The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. 解决任何问题，甚至是识别问题存在的能力都取决于记忆。(2) The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. 像Virtual Vineyards 和Amazon.com及其他开拓者的例子表明：一个销售适类商品的网站，如果将互动、热情服务、安全合理结合，肯定会吸引网上用户的。(3) Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity；switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much. 另外，公司的大部分改革是为了赢利，而达到赢利的目的不一定非要提高生产力，转入新的市场或改善产品质量也会有同样的功效。(4) The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, timeconsuming and sometimes even overwhelming. 今天，个人可获得的信息比任何时代的人都多，而要找到一条与自己问题相关的信息既复杂又耗时，有时甚至相当困难。 二、把握结构特征 1根据词汇搭配辨认结构(1) It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care. 报告确定了医院临终关怀护理中存在的两个问题：对病痛处理不力和大胆使用“无效而强制性的医疗程序”，这些程序可能会延长死亡期，甚至会让病人临终时痛苦不堪。(2)In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.作为回应，学校也在调整课程安排，使授课能够适应特殊儿童，适应那些不能从常规课程中真正获益的儿童的需要。(3) I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. 我已从一个“获得一切”哲学（琳达凯茜过去七年中在女性这本杂志所宣扬的）的狂热支持者，变成了一个乐于接受任何东西只要一丁点的女人。(4) But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. 但是，不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远有多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少。2. 根据语法规则辨认结构(1) While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic declineafter the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late80sand is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模所引起的大量人员冗余之后现在这种趋势仍被认为与节俭政治有关联；而在英国，至少在我所认识的愿意简化生活的中产阶级中，却有着不同的缘由去寻求使自己的生活简单化。(2) Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. 人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再一次失去。(3) The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.这种变革通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求，并防止了效率的降低，而在过去这种低效率使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、三代手中破产倒闭。三、插入：1This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. 对于那些还没有意识到存在这种不公平待遇的人，可以这么向他们解释：它指的是歧视那些姓氏字母在字母表中排得靠后的人。2Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. 下面举一个例子，它是我在一个护士大会上听到的。这个故事效果很好，因为听众对医生都有同样的看法。3Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 许多其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志社、从燃气电器公司到牛奶加工厂都通过计算机的使用给消费者更好、效率更高的服务。4“Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. （1996）所谓“科学的”造物主义理论的基础是宗教而不是科学，但在教学时每当对进化论进行科学论述时，有些人就用它来争得“同等数量的学时”。5If its message were confined merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve，for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasiveadvertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. 如果广告仅仅限于提供信息，那么就太枯燥乏味了，没有人再留意它，当然这样做本身不是不可能但是很难作到，因为甚至像选择衬衣颜色那样的细节也是具有劝诱性的。6The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是20年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位不可缺少的。四、主语从句：1. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability and appropriateness of the information used and on the skills and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现证实，这取决于被采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。2. Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把问题的哪一方面看作是驱动的力量。 3. That most Americans genuinely believe that their economic system is the best that human wisdom has so far devised and that their political system is a “democracy” in which the interests of the people are paramount, is an indication of how profoundly they have been brainwashed by those who benefit from things remaining as they are-the very people, of course, who control the mass communication with which to do the brainwashing.绝大多数美国人真诚地相信，他们的经济制度是人类智慧至今所能设计的最好的制度，他们的政治制度是人民利益高于一切的“民主制度”。这一事实表明他们是多么深刻地被洗过脑了，而洗脑是由那些从现状得益的人们进行的。当然，正是这些人控制了大众传播媒体，并以此来进行洗脑。4Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. 因此，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是在某一特定情况下两者同时使用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。5But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.更为重要的是，这是科学家们能够观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。6While warnings are often appropriate and necessarythe dangers of drug interactions, for exampleand many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的，如对药物副作用可能产生的危险的警示语，并且很多是州或联邦法规所要求的，但是当消费者受伤时，这些警示语能否真正保护制造商和销售商并使之免于承担法律责任，这还很难说。7What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. 现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦陈自己的梦想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。五、同位语从句：1Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。2This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向其科研机构提出具体的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。3Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publishers pipelines.据说有20多年本谈论创世纪论与进化论之争的书即将面世。4If you see an article consistently advertised，it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. 如果你看到一种商品不断地打广告，我认为这是最可靠的证明，此商品一定与其宣传名副其实，一定体现良好的价值。5These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.这些领导人就是活生生的证据，证明对疾病的防治是有意义的，证明我们能够对付年龄带来的健康问题。6Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned.的确，有证据显示个人忘却的比率与他们学得的知识量的多少直接相关。7As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. 随着家庭远离稳定的社区、多年的朋友、大家庭的种种关系，非正式的信息交流被切断了。同时在需要时就能得到可靠可信的信息的信心也随之丧失了。8. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.但是，极品书要求读者尽可能深入阅读，因为这种书往往思想丰富，美感性强，是一种力求解答基本问题的书籍。六、状语从句：1. We must keep up with the development of the worlds leading enterprises before we can keep pace with the changing of the international situations.2. After people have learned that magnets attract things, centuries passed before they took note of the fact that magnets sometimes also repel things.3. While the general public tend to agree that animals should be treated humanely, most people are unlikely to give up eating meat or wearing goods made from leather and wool.4. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.5. Backward somewhat technologically as we are for the moment, we have perfect faith in our ability to catch up in time.6Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary article physics and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但是它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论产生的在科学上看来似乎可信的结论。许多天体物理学家近十年来一直确信这一论说是正确的。7A very few courses are restricted to people already working in a profession or in other way; where this is the case, it is mentioned in the university handbook.8. In Japan, a persons capabilities are not forced into an inflexible specialty. Where there is willingnessand intelligence, there is a place within the company for you to try and to succeed.9.Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem. （如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的惟一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。10. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food.”除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到地球能为所有的人提供足够的饮食的程度，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”七、并列结构：1Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就要来到了。2The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。3Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical hooks who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. 相反我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅；激进的出版商到三星级宾馆就餐；倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者却把自己的子女送进私立学校。对于这样的人，还有那些也许不太出色的人而言，“不惜一切代价获得成功，但避免让他人看出雄心勃勃”是对他们最好的诠释。 4Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point if view.你的幽默必须与听众有关，应该有助于向他们表明你是他们中的一员，或者你了解他们的处境并同情他们的观点。5If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties.如果你是你谈话对象集体中的一员，你就有条件去了解你们所共有的经历和问题，你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味评头论足。6It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extended to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。7It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. 这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者则认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。8. It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.八、比较结构1Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.伴随着信息量不断增长的是技术的发展，这些技术使得人们能够比过去以更快的速度往更多的地方储存和发送更多的信息，这在以前是不可能的。2Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments在实践中，科学的进步依赖于做实验，但更依赖于实验的观察者（即做实验的人）是否有做好准备的头脑。3. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, timeconsuming and sometimes even overwhelming.今天，个人可获得的信息比任何时代的人都多，而要找到一条与自己问题相关的信息既复杂又耗时，有时甚至相当困难。4. He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive verifications are, that the more frequently experiments have been made and results of the same kind arrived at, that the more varied the conditions under which the same results have been attained, and the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further.尽管他也许还没有意识到会对此相信，但他相信验证范围越广泛、实验做得越多且得出的结果越是相同，而且得出同一结果的条件越是多样化，则最终的结论就越确切无疑，他便不再对这个问题提出质疑了。5. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operation of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is difference between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.科学家的大脑活动与普通人的大脑活动之间的差异，就像面包师烤面包或屠夫用普通秤称货，与化学家用天平进行复杂分析的操作之间的差异一样，没有什么别的不同。6. The studies show that the driver who has consumed an amount of alcohol within the limit is no more likely to have an automobile accident than the driver who does not take any alcohol.研究表明，喝酒但不过量的司机不比一点儿酒不喝的司机发生车祸的可能性大。（一点儿酒不喝的司机与喝酒但不过量的司机同样有可能出车祸）7. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone added to the system, so does the value of a computer system increases with each program that turns out.8. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than exist in traditional media.随着每部新电话加入电话网络系统，系统的作用越来越大，同样，生产出的计算机程序也使计算机系统的作用加大了。九、省略1Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. （如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的惟一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。 2Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.从宇宙射线到辐射到日常饮食，任何东西都有可能激活处于沉寂状态的癌基因，但是如何激活尚不为人所知。十、强调句1At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soulsearching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. Its a selfexamination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.不过，对于成立于1990年的时代华纳公司而言，这样的质问仅仅是公司自我反思的最新表白，这是一种自我反省，在不同时期涉及责任，创作自由和公司底线问题。2Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.在美国经济体制中，消费者个人的需求、商人获取最大利润的追求和消费者渴望最大限度地增加自己的收入共同决定应该生产什么和如何利用资源去生产这些产品。3Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. 可能正是因为人类长期遭受旱涝灾害的摆布才使得人们治理江河、供我驱策的理想如此令人痴迷。十一、分词1. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.但是对少数学生而言，职业培训也许是可取之路，因为在其他因素相同的情况下，熟练的技能是能否得到工作的关键。2. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.对于计算机课堂教学，人们在观点上存在着一条无形的界限：一种是以学生的就业前景为理由，另一种是以激进的教育改革为理由。3. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.它直接有助于商品以合理的价格销售，由此建立稳固的国内市场，并使商品能以富有竞争力的价格出口。4When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.美国在二战结束后进入了如此辉煌的阶段时，她所拥有的市场比其竞争者大八倍，使她在各个行业达到无可比拟的规模。5. The unprecedented success of the Valley is a testimony to the concerted international endeavors and contributions by people from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds, made possible by the favorable political, economic and intellectual climate prevailing, as well as the farsighted policies of the government.硅谷前所未有的成功是国际上来自不同文化和种族人们的共同努力和贡献的见证，这种成功之所以成为可能，也是由于政治、经济和文化条件有利，以及政府政策的远见卓识。