集装箱船集装箱的管理原则.doc

集装箱船集装箱的管理原则Principle Of The Container Management1. 集装箱装船前，船长应督促大副做好对集装箱装载时的外表状况的检查，遇到有箱体外表破损/横梁变形、箱门变形关不严、铅封丢失等不利于船方的情况，应做好值班记录，并要求港方签署“集装箱残损单”或类似文件，以保护船东的利益。注意集装箱的积载应符合经主管机关批准的装载手册的要求，同时要考虑符合航运习惯的做法。Before the container loading, the Captain should urge the chief officer to check the container appearance when the containers are being loaded and record any adverse circumstances to the owner such as breakage of the container appearance、beam deformation、seal missing, and request the port authority to issue the or any other relevant documents to protect the interest of the owner. The captain should also notice that the container stowage should meet the requirement of the which is approved by the competent authority and the shipping practices.2. 通常集装箱的加固工作由港方完成，船长应督促大副在装货前根据本船经主管机关批准的系固手册指导码头装卸工进行加固，并于完毕后派水手长进行详细检查，确保能抵御航行中所遇到的各种危险。如果加固工作由本船船员完成，同样应督促大副对加固要求进行指导说明和完工检查。对集装箱的加固检查情况应记录在航海日志中。Usually the container lashing work is finished by the port authority, the Captain should urge the chief officer to guide the stevedore about the lashing work according with the which is approved by the competent authority before loading, and ask the bosun to check to ensure the vessel can defend any dangerous issue during the voyage. If the lashing work is finished by the crew, the captain should also urge the chief officer to make a guidance and check for the lashing work. All the container lashing circumstances should be recored in the .3. 集装箱装卸完毕后一定要妥善封舱，特别是航线路经恶劣航区时所有舱锁必须锁好。平时应做好舱盖的维护保养工作，防止舱盖下防水槽内的水有可能倒灌舱内。The tank should be well locked after loading or discharging, especially when the vessel pass the terrible navigating zone. The hatch cover should be well maintained to prevent the water in the capillary break flow backward to the tank.4. 航行中船长应督促大副做好集装箱加固的检查工作，将检查情况和结果应记录在航海日志中，尤其是恶劣天气即将到来前。对冷藏箱应安排甲板部人员每班或按照货主要求的时间间隔检查一次并记录冷箱的温度，发现冷藏箱工作不正常，应组织船方的技术人员全力解决，同时电告机务主管（对于租出的船舶，向租家代理报告），以便获得岸基支持。The Captain should urge the chief officer to check the container lashing work in the sailing, and the check circumstances and outcomes should be recorded in the , especially before the approaching terrible weather. The captain should arrange the deck department crew to check and record the reefer container temperature per duty or according to time intervals required by the cargo owner, once the reefer container is found working abnormally, the captain should organize the technical crew to tackle with the malfunction and report to the technical supervisor (to the charterers agent if the ship has been chartered) to gain the ashore assistance.5. 如遇恶劣天气，船长有权决定停止诸如检查冷箱温度和集装箱绑扎等甲板工作，待恶劣天气过后再作详细检查，必要时抵港后递交海事声明。The captain is at liberty to stop the deck work such as checking the reefer container temperature and container lashing if the encounter the terrible weather, and arrange the crew to make a specific check after the terrible weather, and hand in the maritime statement if necessary after arrived in port. 6. 船长应督促大副做好集装箱货舱污水井的保养工作，保持污水井内无杂物、无堵塞现象。督促轮机长做好货舱污水泵的保养工作，保证能够随时抽出货舱污水井的积水，防止货舱积水对集装箱的水湿，造成货损情况，尤其是在雨季和恶劣天气过后。The Captain should urge the chief officer to maintain the drain well of the container tank, and keep the drain well clean and clear. The Captain should also urge the chief engineer to maintain the bilge pump in order to ensure it can pump the water from the tank drain at any time, to prevent the cargo damage caused by water moisten, especially after the rainy season and bad weather.7. 船长应时刻牢记：在集装箱卸到码头以前仍然在其管理之中。因此，对集装箱卸货过程中外表状况的检查同样重要。The Captain should always remember that: the containers are still under the management of the Captain before its discharged to the wharf. Therefore, it is also very important to check the container appearance during the discharging.备注1. 通常在集装箱提单中承运人加入了不知条款（即：承运人接收的对象是集装箱，有关箱内货物的状况和详细情况一概不知，以保护承运人的利益）。然而，货主如能够举证说明，承运人明知货物情况且又订上不知条款，仍不能免责。船方未必知道承运人是否知道货物的详细情况，但无论如何船方应克尽职守，最大限度地保管好货物。REMARK 1. Usually, the carrier adds the unknown clause in the container bill of lading (that is: the carrier just receive the container and does not know the details about the cargo in the container in order to protect the carriers interest). However, the carrier still takes responsibility if the consignor can prove that the carrier knew the details about the cargo in the container while still add the unknown clause in the bill of lading. The ship may not know whether the carrier knows the details about the cargo, however, the ship should do their best to protect the cargo.备注2. 提单中承运人订有货物检查权条款（即：承运人对集装箱内装载货物有怀疑时或积载不正常时开箱检查而无需事先得到托运人的同意）。当然，一般情况下应征得货主同意。REMARK 2. The carrier add the cargo inspection clause in the B/L ( that is: if the stowage is not normal or the carrier suspects the cargo, the carrier can open the container for inspection without the shippers agreement). Certainly, the carrier should obtain the agreement from the consignor under normal circumstances .