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AB级考试写作策略考点归纳与解题技巧一、写作考点概述 高职高专英语教学中写作教学的目的,是培养学生在涉外交际的日常活动和业务活动中进行简单的书面交流。要求掌握的写作技能为: 1)正确使用所学的词、词组和句型; 2)语法及标点使用正确,句子结构完整; 3)句子意思清楚,符合逻辑顺序; 4)注意连贯性,正确使用连接手段:如first,second,besides,however等; 5)正确套用或使用常见的应用文格式。写作部分对考生有以下要求: A级:能就一般性题材,在30分钟内写出80100词的命题作文;能填写和模拟套写简短的英语应用文,如填写表格与业务单证,套写简历、通知、信函等,词句基本正确,无重大语法错误,格式得当,表达清楚。 B级:能填写、模拟套写简短的英语应用文或翻译简短的实用性文字,如填写表格,套写简历、通知、信函等,词句基本正确,无重大语法错误,格式基本得当,表达清楚。 写作的测试要点:全面考查学生的分析能力、理解能力和综合能力。写作的前提是考生必须具备一定的语言(英语)表达能力和实用性英语应用文的写作能力。写作测试题型、方向、内容及时间分配表测试项目测试内容测试题型词汇要求百分比时间分配写作应用性文字(套写简历、通知、信函、申请书、协议书等)套写、填写或翻译3400词(A级)2500词(B级)15%25分钟二、写作考点归纳与解题技巧 随着我目对外开放的进一步深入,对外交流活动日趋频繁,信息交流显得尤为重要。尽管电报、电话、互联网等通讯手段十分发达,但信函在目前的商务活动、社交活动中仍然是增进友谊、交流思想、介绍情况、联系工作、互通信息的重要方式。信函具有信息量大、周全、严密、清楚、准确等特点,与其他通讯手段相比,有其独特的风格、惯用语和套语。此外,它是其他表达方式的基础。因此,掌握其写作特点、要求及格式十分重要。现就各类应用文的写作、格式要求进行分类阐述。综观往届的写作试题,可以发现:(1)英语书信是常考题型,要熟练掌握英语书信包括对收信人的称谓、写信日期、发信人的签名等基本格式;(2)文章中含有较难和不常用的词或短语; (3)写作内容常常跟计算机、经济、贸易、科学知识等有关;(4)公告、征文启示、留言条、请假条等应用文体也是写作常考点。下面分别就信封、书信的格式及写法要求加以阐述。英文的书信大致可分为事务信件和私人信件两大类。前者指单位之间或单位与个人之间的公务往来信件;后者指亲朋好友之间的信件。由于英文书信的涉及面广,故根据不同的用途和作用还可细分为社交书信、商业书信、私人书信和其他书信。一般说来,事务信件或商务信函的文体、语言和格式都较正式,而私人信件和一般社交性的信件属非正式的信件。值得注意的是,目前,社会事务和对外贸易方面的信函中,非正式的事务性信件越来越多,这是英文书信在行文风格和语言上的一大变化。(一) 英语书信的写作实考题 2005年6月B级考试题说明:假定你是王明(中国籍),去海口旅游度假,于2005年6月10日入住白云宾馆3002房间,6月20日离店。临走时填写了一份问卷调查表。内容如下:1对酒店的总体管理感到满意:2对酒店提供的各种服务感到满意;3建议: A)因酒店位于海边,交通并不方便,周围的商业设施也较少,建议酒店每天能提供免费班车,方便来海边度假的住店客人去市区购买所需商品; B)建议酒店与相关公司联系,为住店客人提供租车服务。Words for reference:总体(的) overall 商业(的) commercial班车 shuttle bus 相关公司 related companyQUESTIONNAIRE To improve the quality of our service,we would be grateful if youd complete theFollowing questionnaireName: Wang Ming Nationality: Chinese Room number: 3002Check-in Date: Junel0,200 Check-out Date: June20,2005:Did you receive polite and efficient service when you arrived? (Yes)Are you satisfied with the room service of our hotel? YesWhats your opinion of our health facilities? (Good)Please give your impression of our restaurant service. GoodHave you any other comments to help us make your stay more enjoyable?A) Since the hotel sits on the seaside with poor traffic and insufficient commercial facilities nearby, I suggest that the hotel offer free shuttle bus service so that guests can conveniently go to the downtown to buy some necessities:B) I also suggest that the hotel get in touch with related companies so as to provide the guests with car renting service.Baiyun Hotel General Manager 评分标准参考 (共15分)1填空部分评分:每空格1分,共7分2段落部分评分:,共8分,不要求逐字翻译。分数可分4个等级,即:1)7分:内容完整,表达清楚;语言上仅有很小的小错。2)5分:内容较完整,表达尚清楚;有一些语言错误,可以有个别句子结构上错误。3)2分:格式勉强正确:内容不够完整,但是没有离题;表达有较大困难;语言有很多错误,有一些是严重错误。4)0分:内容表达不够清楚;语言支离破碎,仅有个别句子尚正确。*较好于或较低于某一等级分数者, 可酌情加或减1分。2005年6月A级考试题题目说明:以Daniel Trade公司市场部经理李华的身份于6月15日给John Holland先生写一封催款信,信中应当包括以下内容: 1问及Holland先生近况; 2要求Holland先生尽快支付10000元货款,该笔款项已经过期10天; 3随信寄上公司最新的夏季产品目录,希望Holland先生尽早寄来新的定单,可享受公司的优惠价格。注意:务必按业务信函的格式书写Words for reference:优惠价格special offers 过期over due Daniel Trade Corp. 42 Xikang Road Nanjing, China May 13, 2005 Japan Silk Import Corp. 44 Kok Road Tokyo, Japan Dear John Holland, How are you getting along? Our records show that your account of $ 10, 000 is overdue for 10 days. We hope that you will send your check as soon as possible so that we can hold the business. We are also enclosing a catalogue showing the details of our latest summer products and we are looking forward to your earliest new orders. We will make you special offers if we receive your orders very soon. Sincerely yours, Li Hua Manger of Marketing Department评分标准参考: 1本题按综合方式评分,从格式、表达和语言三方面衡量,只给一个分数,即给印象分(globalimpression marking)。2评分时应以考生应得(rewarding)分数评定,不要以扣分(penalty)方式评定。3分数可分5个等级,即: 1)14分:格式正确;内容完整,表达清楚;语言上仅有很少的小错。 2)11分:格式基本正确;内容较完整,表达尚清楚;有一些语言错误,可以有个别句子结构上错误。 3)8分:格式基本正确:内容大体完整,表达可勉强理解;有较多的语言错误,包括少量严重错误。 4)5分:格式勉强正确;内容不完整,但是没有离题;表达有较大困难:语言有很多错误,有一些是严重错误。 5)2分:格式不正确:内容表达不清楚:语言支离破碎,仅有个别句子尚正确。 ; 4如果试卷的得分可高于或低于某一等级分,则应加1分或减1分。 5如果不按提示写作文或语言表达完全无法理解,应给0分。 , 6格式当否,扣03分。 7评分应力求准确,防止趋中倾向。评分细则:以Daniel Trade公司市场部经理李华的身份于6月15日给John Holland先生写一封催款信,信中应当包括以下内容: 1问及Holland先生近况; 2要求Holland先生尽快支付10000元货款, 该笔款项已经过期10天; 3随信寄上公司最新的夏季产品目录,希望Holland先生尽早寄来新的定单,可享受公司的优惠价格。注意:务必按业务信函的格式书写(June 15,2005 ; Dear John Holland ;Yours sincerely)2000年6月B级考试题 给John Brown先生写一封短信。内容:已收到他3月12日来信。请他于本月25日来我公司,讨论合作的细节(details)。请他将航班告诉你。你公司的李小姐将去机场接他。24th March,2000Dear Mr John Brown, Thank you very much for your letter dated 12th MarchCould you come over to my company so that we can discuss the details of our cooperation? If yes,please inform me of your flightI have arranged for Miss Li of my company to meet you at the airportWish you a pleasant journey. Yours sincerely, Wang Deming2000年12月B级考试题收信人:刘军写信人:杨玲写信日期:2000年7月8日内容:杨玲写信告诉刘军,对不能参加他的生日晚会表示歉意。原因是她的朋友张兰将于本月15日从厦门(Xiamen)到南京来,她要去机场接张兰,并帮助张兰作必要的旅程安排。 July 8,2000Dear Liu Jun, Much to my regret I was unable to attend your birthday party on last Friday afternoon,owing to the fact that my friend Zhang Lan from Xiamen was coming to our city on her business,I had to meet her at the airport and arranged something necessary for her that day Hoping to see you soon Yours sincerely, (signature) Yang Ling(二)文章中含有较难和不常用的词或短语 如:2001年6月A级考试题,含有规模、经济效益、献计献策”等较难和不常用的词或短语,但同学们在考试过程中往往由于紧张而忘记参考写作部分所提供的词汇参考。说明:根据下列信息以公关部的名义给所有员工写一份公告,邀请他们为公司庆祝活动献计献策。1历史与现状:成立15年,在规模和效益方面处于同行业五强之一;2庆祝活动:举行一系列活动,庆祝取得的成就;3欢迎献计献策:被采用者有奖,所提建议送往本部门办公室。Words for Reference:规模scope;经济效益economic benefits;同行业the same industry;同仁:colleague; 献计献策:make proposalsNotice We are preparing to celebrate the 15th anniversary of our companyWith the efforts of all ourstaff,our company is now ranked as one of the five leading companies in the same field both in scope and profits. To celebrate our achievements,we will hold a number of activitiesYour suggestions and proposals are welcome and those being accepted will be awarded Please hand in your proposals to our office Public Relations Section(三)写作内容常常跟计算机、经济、贸易、科学知识等有关 如:2000年6月A级考试题与贸易方面有关。 根据以下提示写两个备忘录:1荣欣(Rongxin)进出口公司经理王刚上午9点f丁电话,说对方至今未收到我方的货物。若我方尚未发货,必须立即与他本人联系,否则将取消订货合同。2新城公司经理王明先生上午10点来拜访总经理。他希望与总经理讨论在本市设立一家食品厂的事宜。总经理正在开会,无法接见。王先生将于下周一离开。请总经理今天下午打电话给他。1Wang Gang,the manager of Rongxin Import and Export Company, called at 9:00 amHe said they havent received our goods yetIf we havent delivered the goods,we should contact him at onceOtherwise,they will cancel the order2Mr Wang Ming,the manager of Xin Cheng Company,came to visit G.Mat 10amHe wished to discuss with GMThe possibility of opening a food factory in our cityG.M. was having a meeting and so could not see himMr Wang will leave next MondayHe asked G.M. to call him this afternoon (四)公告、征文启示、留言条、请假条等应用文体也是写作常考点样题1系办公室王秘书: 因父亲病重,欲回家探望,请假一周,从本月四日起至十日止。现附上姐姐发来的电报,以资证明,敬请批准为盼。请假期间所缺功课,返校后一定努力补上。此致 敬礼 二年级三班学生彭志 10月14日 Oct 14To Department OfficeSecretary WangDear Sirs, I beg to apply for one weeks leave of absence from the 4th to the 10th instant,both days inclusive,in order to return home to see my father,who is now dangerously i11 To support my application,I here with submit a telegram to that effect received from my elder sisterI should be very much obliged if you will grant me my application. As regards the lessons to be missed during my absence, I will do my best to make them up as soon as I get back from leave.Yours respectfully, Peng Zhi样题2 布鲁斯:有空来我处一叙,想请你对我下周课程的讲稿提意见和建议。 露 西 星期五 Friday Bruce, I shall be very glad if you can find time to call on me at your convenience. I need your adviceand suggestions about my preparation for the lectures to be given next week. Lucy样题3 遗失启事本人不慎于昨日在阅览室遗失朗曼现代英语词典一本,拾者请送交外文系办公室,或打电话通知失者去取,不胜感激。 失者:尤菲米娅 2003年8月18日失者地址:学生宿舍三舍404室电话号码:327 LOST Aug. 18, 2003 I was careless and lost a copy of Longman Modern English Dictionary when studying in the reading room yesterday, Wilt the finder please send it to the office of the Foreign Languages Department or ring me up to fetch it back.Profound thanks from.Address: Room 404, Student Dormitory 3Tel No: 3275Loser, Euphemia三、写作汉译英应试常见失误分析及对策由于对写作题目理解不全面或不正确,分不清题型(书信、表格、翻译短文或通知)而造成的错误。由于英语与汉语在表达上不同而造成的错误,如英语书信的格式与汉语书信的格式不同,英语年月日与汉语年月日表达的不同。不熟悉常用的英语计算机、经济、贸易、科学等方面的知识而造成的错误。对策小结1考生在写作前,首先要对作文的要求进行认真的分析与思考。分清题型,并研究题目所要求的内容和范围,千万不要随心所欲,动笔就写。2写作的过程中,一定要注意格式、英语的语言表达,不要按照所提供的汉语文字逐字对译。3不能有缺项;如写信,主要内容不能丢失,但可以扩充,应有开头与结尾。但也不能下笔千言,离题万里。如下是英语信函的组成部分(1)信端(Heading),即信头。即寄信人的地址和日期,写在信笺的右上角。(2)信内地址(1nsideAddress),即收信人的姓名和地址,写在左上角,比右上角的日期约低两行。(3)称呼(Salutation),即对收信人的敬称或称谓,其位置在信内地址的下两行处,并与之平头。(4)正文(Body),即信函的内容。(5)结束语(Complimentary Close),即写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称。(6)签名(Signature),即写信人的姓名。(7)附件(Enclosure),缩写成Encl。(8)再启或又及(Postscript),缩写成PS,用于补叙信的正文中遗漏的话。以上八项内容中,第一项至第六项是英语信函的主要组成部分,一般不可缺少。第七项和第八项是否需要,则视具体情况而定。下面举一英语信函实例,以便能更清楚地展示英语信函的结构以及以上各项在信内的排列位置。 (1)信端(Heading) Physics Department Zhejiang University Hangzhou,China Sept20,1980(2)信内地址(InsideAddress)ChairmanDepartment of Physics and AstronomyNorthwestern UniversityEvanston,IllinoisU S A(3)称呼(Salutation)Dear Chairman,(4)正文(Body) I am at present applying for admission and financial aid to your Department of Physics and AstronomyI am now a student in the Physics Department of Zhejang University,Hangzhou,ChinaI expect to graduate at the end of this academic year with a specialty in lowtemperature physics (5)结束语(Complimentary Close)(6)签名(Signature)(7)附件(Enclosure) (8)又及(Postscript)PSPlease send all material by mail4备考时,尽量不去做有偏颇性的题目,以免事倍功半。5写完后,要检查、修改。6文章书写要工整,字数要按要求完成,既不要因过少而扣分,也不要因过多而浪费时间。四、过关强化训练题写作内容常常跟计算机、经济、贸易、科学知识等有关。标准是: 对写作材料的确切理解; 准确的英语表达能力; 一定的业务应用知识测试题目1:Directions:This part is to test your ability to do practical writingYou are required to write a letter according to the following instructions given in ChineseRemember to write the letter on the composition/Translation Sheet.日期:2003年2月1日内部容:感谢对方的来信,本人对夏季在贵校任教很感兴趣。对所提问的问题答复如下:1可在周三、周四的上午或下午上课,最好是在下午上课。2司提供所需的全部材料,每个学生的材料费30元。随信寄上授课计划一份。答案:1st Feb 2003Dear Alice, Im very happy to read your letter,and thanks for writing meYou know,I was most impressed by teaching on your campus this summer As for your inquires about teaching,I think it would be OK to arrange class either in the morning or in the afternoon of Wednesday and ThursdayI prefer in the afternoonWe could supply all the materials that the students needWe charge RMB 30 YUAN per person Enclosed please find the teaching programBest Wishes.Yours sincerely, John测试题目2: 1广东省一家从事电脑的合资公司已开业,特请合格的人士应聘财务分析员。 2条件:英语流利;有财会或同经济相关的学科的毕业文凭;熟悉中国的财会事务。 3联系地址:广州东方宾馆2628房。(请寄来简历一份及近照两张,电话勿扰。) Words for reference: 合资公司:joint venture 财务分析员:finance analyst 文凭:diploma 财会:finance accounting 简历:resume答案: We are a joint venture company in Guangzhou dealing with computersWe seek for a qualified applicant for the post of finance analystThe applicant must fit our requirementsHe or she must be fluent in English with a diploma in finance accounting or related to economics and the applicant must be familiar with finance accounting in China Our address is Room 2628,Dongfang HotelSend us your resume together with two recent photosNo telephone appointments,please。测试题目3:通 知 由于自来水管检修,明天从早晨7点至晚上11点停水,特此通知。 总务处 2003年2月2日答案:Notice Feb2,2003 Notice is hereby given that the water supply is not available from 7:00am to 11:00 pm tomorrow,owing to the repairs of the water pipes General Affair Service测试题目4:招领公文包 拾得公文包一只,内有现金及其他东西。失者请到办公楼107房间失物招领处认领。办公时间:上午8至11点,下午2至5点。 2002年12月6日答案:A Briefcase Found Dec6,2002A briefcase was found,inside of which are money and other thingsLoser is expected to come to identify itPlease apply at the Lost Property Office,Rooml07,the Office BuildingOpen from 8:00 to 11:00am and 2:00tO 5:00pm测试题目5:诸位先生:七月二十三日来信已收到,得悉贵方对公司的建筑用钉很有兴趣,我们感到非常高兴。遗憾的是,目前由于订货量大,几无存货,实难满足贵方需要。然而,我们现在在设法补进,预计一两个月内新货即可到达。我们会记住贵方的询价,一旦到货,定立刻向贵方报价。特此奉复。 此致 敬礼! 真诚的 哈里史密斯答案:Dear Sirs,We are very glad to have your letter of July 9 and to hear that you are interested n our building nailsIn reply,we regret that we are not in a position to meet your requirements at present because heavy orders have nearly cleared our stocksHowever,we毗now working at replenishment,which is expected to arrive in a month Or two We assure you that we will keep your enquiry in mind and will make you an offer as soon as new supplies are available Yours faithfully, Harry Smith 测试题目6:亲爱的盖伯特先生:我荣幸地向你推荐持信人诺思先生。他愿意谋求你不久前提过的会计部门空缺的职位。他为人可靠,工作勤奋,且饶有风趣。因而我至诚推荐。你可以完全放心地雇用他。兹附上他的简历。 若承照顾,感激不尽。 你真诚的 沃尔特汉雷答案:Dear Mr Gilbert, I have the honour to recommend to you Mr North,the bearer of this letterThe other day you spoke of the vacancy in your accounting section,and now he wishes to offer his service,He is trustworthy,industrious and a very enjoyable sort of manHere I recommend him to you with all my heartYou wont be so wrong by hiring himEnclosed is his personal resume Any attention you may extend to him will be gratefully appreciated Sincerely yours, Walter Hanley测试题目7:亲爱的卡迪夫人:得悉你身体欠佳,我非常难过。你一定会很快好起来的!邻居们都很想念你,盼望你早日康复出院。我和布克先生都祝你尽快恢复健康。 您真诚的 玛丽答案:Dear Mrs Cordin,I was sorry to learn of your illnessYou must hurry and get well! Everybody in the neighborhood misses you and were all hoping youll be back soonMr Burke joins me in sending best wishes for your speedy recovery Sincerely yours, Mary测试题目8:亲爱的先生:我打算申请史密斯学院2002年秋季入学。请寄给我一份贵校的简章,入学申请表以及有关入学条件的资料。 您真诚的 约翰答案:Dear Sir,I am planning to apply for admission to Smith College in the fall of 2002. Please send me a catalogue, application form, and information about your entrance requirements. Very truly yours,John
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