现在完成时讲解.doc

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如何使用现在完成时 同学们我们已经学习了现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时这4种时态的用法,但这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如:表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”,以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时,我们可以用一种新的时态现在完成时表示。 一、现在完成时的构成 (一)肯定式 主语助动词have has 过去分词其它 说明:这里的have has是助动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。 has,have的缩略式分别为s或ve。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样,不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例: 1)Ive just copied all the new words 我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)2)She has lost her books 她丢失了她的书。 (表示到目前为止还没有找到)(如果用过去时:She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到)3)Weve just cleaned the classroom 我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的) (二)否定式 主语助动词have hasnot过去分词其它 说明:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词have has后面加not就行。have not,has not的缩略式分别为havent ,hasnt。另外,肯定句中有some,already时,改为否定时要分别改成any,yet。实例: 1)I havent finished my homework yet我还没有完成我的作业。 2)She hasnt travelled on a train 她没有坐火车旅行过。 3)We have never spoken to a foreigner我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如: 4)I have never seen him before以前我从来没有见过他。 (三)一般疑问式 助动词Have Has 主语过去分词其它 ?说明:把陈述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some ,already改为any ,ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ,主语havehas否定回答用“No,主语haventhasnt”有时也可以用“No,not yetNo ,neverNo,not even once”等。实例: 1)Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗? Yes ,I have 是的,我做过。 2)Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗? No,never不,从来没有。 3)Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗? Yes ,they have是的,他们找到了。 注意:当句中有否定词not ,hardly(几乎不),never的时候,在改为反意疑问句时,附加部分用肯定形式。例如:You have never come to our school ,have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校,是吗? 二、现在完成时的用法 (一)现在完成时的用法1:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词already(已经) ,yet(还、已经) ,just(刚刚、仅仅) ,ever(曾经) ,never(从不) ,before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下: 1already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例: 1)Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。 (“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。) 2)Ive washed my clothes already我已经洗了衣服。 (洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。) 注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例: 3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了? 2yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末。实例: 1)Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗? No,not yet不,还没有。 2)The woman hasnt found her dog yet 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对现在的影响) 3just意为“刚刚”,表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例: He has just come back from school 他刚从学校回来。 4ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例: 1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗? 2)I havent ever spoken to her我未曾和她说过话。 5never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾,而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例: I have never travelled by plane before我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 6before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。实例: 1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗? 2)I havent eaten Guangdong food before我以前没吃过广东菜。 (二)现在完成时用法二2持续性用法(肯定句,疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词):表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for 一段时间或“since过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。for + 段时间since +点时间实例: 1)Ive lived here since 1990自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 = Ive lived here since 13 years ago.= Ive lived here for 13 years. = It is 13 years since I began to live here.2)I havent seen him for three years 我三年没有看见他了。 = I havent seen him since three years ago = I havent seen him since 2000. = It is 3 years since I saw him last time.3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city 自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 4)Shes been at this school since five years ago 自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。 注意:在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续,故不能与for(达到;累计)或since(自从。到现在)引出的时间状语连用。 对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long1) 他入团两年了。 误:He has joined the League for two years 正:He has been a League member for two years 2)我买这辆自行车三年了。 误:I have bought this bike for three years 正:I have had this bike for three years 2) 部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词:短暂性动词 延续性动词die be deadborrow keep buy/catch haveget up be up come be in finish be over leaver be away open be open close be closed begin be on become interested in be interested in 有人可能会问:一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去,那么这两种时态有什么区别呢? 答:一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如:yesterday连用;强调动作在过去发生,与现在无关。 现在完成时与自已的特征词连用,强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。例: He saw the film last night. (过去时,表示他昨晚看过那部电影了,现在不知还要不要再看一次)He has (ever) seen the film before.(现在完成时,表时他已看过那部电影,现在不想再看了)巩固练习: I按要求转换下列各句,每空一词。 1、He has already finished his homework(改为否定句) He _ finished his homework _ 2They have found the lost books already(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) _ they _ the lost books _?No,they_ 3Julia has not got home from school yet(改为肯定句) Julia _ _ _ home from school 4You have never been to Shanghai before,_ _ ?(改为反意疑问句) 5. Hes gone to Beijing, _ _?(改为反意疑问句)6Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999(改为同义句) Mr Wang _ _ English in this school since 1999 7. He hasnt left home for 3 days.(同义句) He _ _ _ home for 3 days.8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问)II选择正确答案。 ( )1Who is Mary ? _?I saw you talking with her at the meeting ADont you meet her yet BDidnt you met her yet CHavent you met her yet DHadnt you met her yet ( )2How do you like Beijing ,Mr Black? Oh ,I _ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited ( )3The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week Adont feel Bhasnt felt Chavent felt D.didnt feel ( ) 4We have lived here _ five years ago Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter 11.11 用于现在完成时的句型 1)It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2)This is the that结构,that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。(2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完成时。 注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。(错)I have received his letter for a month.(对)I havent received his letter for almost a month. 现在完成时点滴 初中英语共涉及八种主要时态,在中考当中现在完成时的占分比例比较大。因此学好现在完成时对于初中生来说至关重要。下面我们谈一下如何学好这个时态:一、现在完成时的基本构成现在完成时由“主语have/hasV过去分词”构成。“have /has”如何使用需记清。当主语是I,you和复数名词或代词时要用have;单数主语后跟has。也就是说have/has需同主语的人称或数保持一致。二、现在完成时的基本用法1.动作开始于过去,结束于过去,但和现在的情况关系密切。例如:-Can I help you with your homework?-Thank you all the same. I have finished it already?从这里可以看出,“做作业”这个动作发生于过去,而且也结束于过去,但和现在关系密切。“Thank you all the same.”暗指无须帮忙。现在由于做完了(finished)已不用帮忙。强调的是“做完”这个动作对现在的影响。2.动作发生于过去一直延续到现在。这个动作可能是多次发生,也可能是表示某种状态或习惯性动作。例如:I have lived here since 1979.He has worked in Beijing for 20 years.在这个用法中,有一点需要我们特别注意,即含有中止或短暂意义的词不能跟一段时间搭配。例如:我们如果想表达“他已离开此地两天了。”我们不能说“He has left for two days.”而应说成“He has been away for two days.”像此类型的单词不多,大致有:begin,end,come,go,leave,join,die等。三、现在完成时的标志词是否使用现在完成时不仅可以通过了解句子的汉语意思套用其基本用法,还可以通过观察时间标志词。和现在完成时态连用的时间状语主要有以下三种:1.句中出现 just,never,ever, already, yet等词时句子一般使用现在完成时。例如:I have already had my lunch.He hasnt found the answer to the question yet.2.for 一段时间或since点时间或引导时间状语从句(一般多为过去时)。例如:He has been a teacher for 20 years.I have known him since we were little-boys.3.so far(到目前为止),in the past/last表示一段时间的词语。例如:I havent seen him so far.He hasnt talked with me in the past/three days.当然这种方法并不是绝对的,有时也有意外情况发生。因此还需要同学们认真仔细的辨别。但我相信只要大家用心学习,现在完成时不会成为我们英语学习道路上的绊脚石。现在完成时 Present perfect by Mr. Fu 接触一:肯定句式 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have(has)过去分词”。如: We have just finished our homework She has gone home 注意:1)该句式中的have或has是助动词,has用于第三人称单数,其它人称一律用have。 2)该句式中have(has)和过去分词之间可用just插入。 3)把该句式译成汉语时,往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。 接触二:疑问句式 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。如: Have you read this story book yet? 特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构如下: What have you done with my bike? Youve read this story book, havent you? 注意:1)现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。 2)把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时,往往译成“过吗?”、“已经了吗?”等。 3)其肯定回答用“Yes,have(has)”,否定回答用“No,havent(hasnt)”,有时用“No,not yet”或“No,never”。 接触三:否定句式:现在完成时的否定句式是“havent(hasnt)过去分词”。如: We havent studied Unit 2 yet The train hasnt stopped yet 注意:1)现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet。2)否定句常译为“还没有”等。 现在完成时巩固练习(一) I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I_never_(speak)to a foreigner 2. _Tom_(return)the library book? Yes,he has When_he_(return)it? Half an hour ago II. 按要求转换下列各句,每空一词。 1. He has found nothing in the room(改为一般疑问句) _he found_in the room? 2. I have already finished the work(改为否定句) I_finished the work_. 3. She has got a notebook(对划线部分提问) _ _she got? 4. Theyve never learned Japanese,_ _(改为反意疑问句) 接触四:用法之一:现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如: Have you read that story?你读过那个故事吗? (“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内容。) I have bought two apples 我买了两个苹果。 (“买”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的结果是:拥有两个苹果。) 在学习这一概念的同时,还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词:already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如: I have already finished my homework我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱过这首英文歌吗? They havent started yet他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。 接触五:用法之二 :表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 注:这一用法即现在完成进行时的用法因为表示的是持续的动作或状态,所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词:be, stay, study, wait, keep, have 等; 使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导,但二者后接的词有所不同: for后常跟一个时间段,指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间,如for three years, for half an hour等。 since 作介词,后面可以接一个时间点,如since 1980,也可以接“一段时间+ago”, 如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。 since 还可用作连词,引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。 如:We have known each other since we went to college. 非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用,但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词,如: comebe, come tobe in / at, go out be out, leavebe away, begin / startbe on, stop be over,buy have, borrow keep, openbe open, closebe closed, joinbe a member of, diebe dead, catch a coldhave a cold, get to knowknow, become a teacher be a teacher, fall asleepbe asleep, fall ill be ill等。 句型It is the first (second, third.) time that.的that从句中, 谓语动词须用现在完成时,表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。如:It is the first time that I have been here. 接触六:现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响;一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较: The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。(说明现在的情况:飞机在这儿。) The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。(强调动作发生的时间在过去。) 接触七:have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法 1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如: Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。 2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”,表示现在已经不在那里了。 可与just, ever, never等连用。如: Ive just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗? Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。如: Ive been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如: Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里? He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。 现在完成时巩固练习(二) 下列各句均有一处错误,请指出并改正。 1. So far we learned about six hundred English words 2. Ive been in Australia twice. 3. Have you had your lunch? No yet 接触八:常用于现在完成时的时间状语 除了我们讲过的already, yet, still,just, ever, never, since短语和 for短语外,还有许多时间 状语常用于现在完成时,我们要留心将它们和一般过去时的时间状语区分开来: 1. lately, recently是完成时的时间状语;just now 有a moment ago 之意,是过去时的时间状语。如: Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you see Joan just now? 2. in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”,常用于完成时中; in the past意思是“在过去”,常用于过去时中。 如: Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years. Where did you work in the past? 3. ever since then与from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意, 但前者常用于完成时,而后两者常用于过去时。如: Shes lived here ever since then. I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that. 4. before 通常用于完成时;.ago通常用于过去时。如: I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago. 5. so far“到目前为止”, these days“这些天来”也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。如: So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. What have you done these days? 接触八:过去分词有规则与不规则两种。 规则的变化形式与动词的过去式一样。不规则就需要记忆了 不规则动词过去式和过去分词 A. 原型:过去式和过去分词完全不同drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung swim-swam-swum sing-sang-sung sink-sank-sunk blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known fly-flew-flown take-took-taken shake-shook-shaken drive-drove-driven write-wrote-written rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridden speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken wake-woke-woken freeze-froze-frozen forget-forgot-forgotten choose-chose-chosen draw-drew-drawn eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen give-gave-given hide-hid-hidden do-did-done see-saw-seenB. 过去式与过去分词完全相同bright-brought-brought think-thought-thought fight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught sell-sold-soldtell-told-told say-said-said pay-paid-paid send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spent burn-burnt-burnt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt sleep-slept-slept sweep-slept-slept leave-left-left build-built-built lose-lost-lost get-got-got meet-met-met sit-sat-sat shoot-shot-shot lead-led-led spit-spat-spat have-had-had hold-held-heldmake-made-made stand-stood-stood hear-heard-heard find-found-found dig-dug-dug shine-shone-shoneunderstand-understood-understood win-won-won C.原型与过去分词相同come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-becomeD.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同cast-cast-cast cut-cut-cut put-put-put let-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hit 第二种形式理解 现在完成时 现在完成时常被称为“与现在有联系的过去”,因此它不能与明确的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时的用法 1) 表示结果的现在完成时 现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法,表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成,并与现在有联系。这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影响或产生的结果。I have bought a pen. 我买了一支笔。 (结果:I have a pen now.)The temperature has increased by 10. 温度上升了10摄氏度。 (结果:It is quite hot now.)Air pollution has taken the lives of many people. 空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。 (结果:Air pollution is very serious now.) 与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状语 不确定的过去时间状语:already, yet, before, recently, lately等。Ive seen the film before. 我以前看过这部电影。Have you been there lately? 近来你去过那里吗? 包含现在时间在内的时间状语:now, just, today, this morning, this week, this year等。I have just finished the letter now. 我现在刚写完信。You have just missed the bus. 你刚好错过公共汽车。Has he done much work today? 他今天做了很多工作吗? 2)表示经历的现在完成时:调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去过长城吗?I have visited Beijing at least ten times 北京我至少访问过十次了。She has never spent a holiday at the seaside. 她从未到海滨度过假。 3)表示延续的现在完成时:这一用法就是现在完成进行时的用法是现在完成时的“未完成”用法, 表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始,持续到现在,可能要继续下去。He has loved fishing for a long time. 他爱好钓鱼为时已久。 (他现在仍爱好钓鱼)I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在这儿住了三十多年了。 (也许还会继续住下去) 与现在完成时未完成用法连用的时间状语与其连用的往往是指一段时间的状语以具体表示某一动作或状态持续了多久。since + 具体时间,表示动作或状态从何时开始。 Since then, he has developed another bad habit. 自那以后他养成了另一个坏习惯。He hasnt been home since he graduated. 他毕业后就没回过家。 for + 一段时间,表示动作或状态持续了多久。We have worked here for ages. 我们在这里工作很久了。There has been no rain here for nearly two months. 这里已经近两个月没有下雨了。until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment,到目前为止。I have not seen him so far. 到目前为止我没见过他。Up to the present, everything has been OK. 到目前为止一切正常。in/during the past/last five years, 在刚刚过去的5年里。He has been away from school during the last two weeks. 过去的两个星期里他没在学校。 In the past few years they have finished several projects. all the while, all day 一直,一整天。She has been busy all day. 她忙了一整天。 现在完成时和一般过去时的比较两者都可表示过去发生过的动作,但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响, 而后者则只是表示过去有这一动作的事实。He locked the door. 他锁过门 (但现在门是开是锁不清楚。)He has locked the door. 他把门锁上了。 (现在门是锁着的。)Who turned on the light? 谁开的灯? (着眼开灯的动作,不管现在灯是开是关。)Who has turned on the light? 谁把灯打开了? (着眼开灯的结果,即现在灯还亮着。) 两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作, 现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续,而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。He has lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年了。 (现在仍住那儿。)He lived in Beijing for four years.他曾在北京住了四年。 (现在不住那儿了。) 现在完成进行时Present perfect continuous tense 一、基本概念 1 定义:表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去。 常和all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。2 构成:have/has + been + 动词的现在分词(V-ing)3基本句型: 肯定式 疑问式 简略回答 1) I have been working. Have you been working? Yes, I/we have. No, I/we havent. 2) He/She/It has been working. Has he/she/it been working? Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasnt. 3) We/You/They have been working. Have they been working? Yes, they have. No, they havent. 注: 现在完成进行时基本上没有否定结构二、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 在与表示一段时间的状语(for, since短语)连用时,两种时态可以互换使用 I have been studying English for over two years = I have studying English for over two years 但在口语中倾向于用现在完成进行时。在不用表示一段时间的状语的情况下,现在完成进行时和现在完成时不可以随便互换使用:(1)现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,现在完成时往往没有。试比较: They have been widening the road(a) They have widened the road(b)(a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路,但尚未完工。(b)句的意思则是已完工了。 (2)在不用时间状语的情况下,现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如: The students have been preparing for the exam.(还在进行)学生们一直在准备考试。 The students have prepared for the exam.(已经结束)学生们为考试作了准备。 (3)有些表示状态,感情,感觉的动词如:have, exist, like, hate, hear, know, sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时,但可用于现在完成时。如: They?ve known each other since 1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。(4) 现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗?Have you met him recently? 你最近见到过他吗? (5) 现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。如:What have you been doing?(a) What have you done?(b)(a)句表示惊异。(b)句只是一个问题。 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。 (可能表示不满)I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。 (说明一个事实)(6) 现在完成进行时强调动作,而现在完成时强调结果。Who has been eating the oranges? 谁一直在吃这些桔子呀? (还剩余一些)Who has eaten the oranges? 谁把桔子吃光了? (强调吃得一个不剩)三、有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时,但可用于
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