非谓语动词教案.doc

高考英语专题复习非谓语动词 非谓语动词适用学科高中英语适用年级高二、三年级适用区域全国-人教版课时时长（分钟）120分钟知识点1.非谓语动词的基本含义，形式2.非谓语动词的三种形式在句中充当的成分教学目标1. 通过模仿、操练和观察，学会演绎和归纳定语从句的基础知识。2. 能够在真实的交际环境中正确应用非谓语动词3. 复习非谓语动词基本知识，确保学生能够熟练使用非谓语动词教学重点1. 非谓语动词三种形式用法区别2. 分词、不定式作状语、定语、补语的用法3. 动名词作主语、宾语的用法4. 现在分词、过去分词、动名词及不定式的用法区别教学难点现在分词、过去分词、动名词及不定式的用法区别概述1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2. 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式（不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词、过去分词），不能单独作谓语，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分（主语、宾语、状语等等）3.非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but /and left her handbag on her seat.（1） 动词不定式在句中充当的成分 判断下划线部分充当什么成分。 1. To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. _ 2. I want to see you. _ 3. I want him to see you. _ 4. My hope is to see you. _ 5. He is the man to see you. _ 6. Im glad to see you. _ 7. I went to see you. _ 8. He went home, only to find the bus had gone. _(1) 作主语。 To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见 To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的 在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。 例如：It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。(2)作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后： Help(帮助），hope（希望)，ask(问），refuse（拒绝），decide（决定），promise（答应），wish（希望），pretend（假装），expect（期望），want（想要），need(需要），arrange（安排），learn（学会），plan（计划），demand（要求），dare（敢于），manage（管理），agree（同意），prepare（准备），fail（失败），determine（决定），offer（提供），choose（选择），desire（渴望），elect（选举），long（渴望），happen（发生），seem（看起来)例如：Hemanagedtopasstheexam.他成功地通过了考试。 Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他答应9点钟到这儿。 Ididntexpecttoseeyouhere.我没有料到在这儿见到你。We agreedhere but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having metB. meeting C. to meetD .to have met在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。例如：Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.他认为最好现在就离开。Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。(3) 作宾语补足语（ 动词+sb. (not)to do sth.)主语 + ask(询问） / require（要求） / request（请求）/tell（告诉） / order（要求） / force （强迫）/ get（使） / want（想要）/ like（喜欢）/advise（建议）/allow（同意）/consider（认为）/ encourage（鼓励）/forbid(禁止）/intend（打算、意图）/permit（允许）/persuade（说服）/remind（提醒）/urge（催促）/warn（警告）/wish（希望）+sb. (not)to do sth. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him. A. not toB. not to do C. not do itD. do not to The patient was warnedoily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eatingMy advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me takingB. me taking C. for me to takeD. me to take在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watcheg.Theteacheroftenmakesmerewritethecomposition.老师常常让我把作文重写。将该句转换成被动语态：Iamoftenmadebytheteachertorewritethecomposition. Paul doesnt have to be made.He always works hard. A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning(4)作定语（常置于名词之后）。由only,last,next，best等序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语;He is the last person to leave school.他是最后一个离开教室的人Idontthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。不定式还可用作某些名词或代词的宾语ability(能力）,attempt（尝试）,chance（机会）,curiosity好奇）,desire（好奇心）,decision（决定）,determination（决心）,effort（影响）,failure,（失败） intentionon（意图）,need（需要）,opportunity（机会）,place（地方）,plan（计划）,promise（承诺）,reason（原因）,right（权利） Something（一些事） ,anything（任何事）,everything（所有事）, nothing（没什么事） 例如:Ihavenodesiretotravel.我没有去旅游的欲望Youllfindsomethingtointerestyouhere.在这儿你会发现一些感兴趣的东西注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。 例如：I havent decided which hotel to stay at. 我还没有决定好呆在哪一个旅馆 I found no one to play with. 我没有发现可以玩的人(5)作状语 I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down. 我在冰上慢慢走不至于跌倒 (表目的) I rushed to the station, only to find the bus had left. 我冲到车站，结果发现车已经开了(表结果) He tried only to fail. 他尝试了结果没有成功（表结果） She was happy to hear the news. 他听到消息很高兴(表原因) 不定式常用于修饰下列形容词: able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong .例如：French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。 Im sorry to interrupt you.打扰你很抱歉 You were silly not _ your car. (2004高考湖南卷) A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having lockedHelen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (2004高考广西卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard(6)作独立副词成分 例如：To speak frankly(坦诚地说）, I dont like your attitude. To speak generally（一般说来）, I get up at 7 oclock.(7)与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 例如：When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没 I dont know how to use the computer.我不知道怎么用电脑 My question is how to learn English well.我的问题是怎样学好英语注：在有些动词后常用疑问词+动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know,ask,tell,show,wonder,consider,understand,learn,instruct,guess,see,explain,discover, imagine,think,hear等。例如：Hedidntknowwhattodonext.IhaventdecidedwhethertogotoJapan.我没有决定是否到日本去。 Ive worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job.Aexpected Bto expectCto be expecting Dexpects The mother didn t know _to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what不定式的复合结构由for+名词或代词+动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。由of引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：bold,brave,careless,civil,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong,wise等。(通常表示人物性格的词）例如：Itskindofyoutosayso.Itsbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby!你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿不带to的动词不定式(1)在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：hadbetter,wouldrather,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut等。例如：Idbettergonow,orIllmissthetrain.Theycannotbutaccepthisadvice.我只好接受他的建议。(2)在except,but之前有动词do作实义动词，则except,but后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。例如：Wehavenochoicebuttowait.我们除了等待别无选择(我们只好等待).Thereisnochoicebuttogothere.我们别无选择只能去那里（我们只好去那里）Thereisnothingtodobutreadabook.（这里没什么事可做的，只能看书）(3)在why,whynot结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带to例如：Whyarguewithhim?为什么与他争吵？ Whynotsendthosebooksback?为什么不把那些书送回去？(4)同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and (to )go home.Im really puzzled what to think or (to)say.（2） 动名词在句中充当的成分判断下划线部分充当什么成分。 1. Swimming is his favourite sport. _ 2. He enjoys swimming. _ 3. His favourite sport is swimming. _(1)作主语例如：Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.请求帮助有时是必要的。Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康不利。(2)作补语、表语例如：Seeingisbelieving.（做表语）眼见为实Wecallsuchanactcheating.（做补语）我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。(3)作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语动词：mind(介意），finish（完成），enjoy（享受），practice（练习）, suggest（建议），permit（同意），appreciate（赞赏），consider（认为），miss（错过），dislike（不喜欢），keep(on)（坚持），avoid（避免），imagine（想象），risk（冒险），escape（逃离），admit（承认），stand(忍受)，allow（同意），forbid（禁止），excuse（打扰），without（没有）等等。短语动词：giveup（放弃），putoff（推迟），lookforwardto（期望），feellike（想要），insiston（坚持），objectto（反对），preventfrom（阻止某事不被.)，setabout(开始），canthelp（不禁，忍不住），be/getusedto（习惯于）what about、how about(做.怎么样）、be fond of（喜欢）、be good at（擅长于）等；短语：beworthdoing(值得做某事），benogooddoing（做某事没好处），benousedoing（做某事没用），bebusydoing（忙于做某事）等例如：Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.冒险游过河Hiswifedoesntallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidethe room.他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.他们都坚持让我跟他们多呆久一点。Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.我希望很快收到你的来信。Shedoesntfeellikeeatinganything.不想吃任何东西。另在want,need,require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系）。例如：Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regretthat.A. to doB. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneI must apologize for _ ahead of time. Thats all right.A. letting you not knowB. not letting you knowC. letting you know notD. letting not you knowOne learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct(5)作定语。它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。例如：Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教学方法(6) 作同位语。例如：Hishobby,makingmodelairplanes,isveryinteresting.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格+动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格+动名词构成，在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：Doyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmeclosingthedoor?Myclosingthedoormadehimangry.IcantstandLaoChangstalkinglikethataboutothercomrades.Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be ableC. his not being able D. him to be not able动名词的某些固定结构(1)Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore.)等名词+doingsth. Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。 Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain设法解释是浪费时间。(2) Itis+useless+doingsth Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。(3) Thereisno+v-ing“是不可能的”。(it is impossible to do ) Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.(=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.) Thereisnotellingwhereshesgone. (4)makeapointof+doing“认为是必要的” OurfamilymakeapointofgoingtochurcheverySunday(5) beonthepointof+doing“濒临，将要” Hewasonthepointofleaving.(6) on(upon)+doing“一就”Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.(=AssoonasIheardthenews,Ichangedmyplans.)(7)go+doing(大部分指运动和游戏)例如：Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.(8)动名词短语常用在以下结构中havedifficulty(in)+doingsthhavetrouble(in)+doingsthhavefun(in)+doingsth/haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsthWehavegreatdifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem.我们解决这个问题有困难。(9) feellike+名词“想要”=wouldliketo+原形动词例如：Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看电影吗?(三)分词在句中充当的成分(1)作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。Theboringsnowmadetheboredboysgohome.Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.发展中的社会主义国家Themanwritingthehomeworkismyfriend.(=Themanwhoiswritingthehomework ismyfriend.)Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.破杯注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。Falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶（表主动、表进行） fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子（表完成）(2)宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。Ifoundhimreadinganovel.在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.一群孩子包围着(过去分词作宾语补足语)(3) 作表语。分词做表语有两种，一种是过去分词做表语，一种是现在分词做表语。表示“某人或物令人.的”用现在分词“ing”形式；表示“人感到.的”用过去分词“ed”形式Interesting 令人感到高兴的 interested 人感到高兴的Exciting 令人感到激动的 excited 人感到激动的Surprising 令人感到惊奇的 surprised 人感到惊奇的类似的词还有：delighting（高兴的）、 satisfying（满足的）、disappointing（失望的）、encouraging（鼓舞人心的）、pleasing（高兴的）、puzzling(费解的）、worrying（焦虑的）Eg. Travelling is interesting but tiring. Students will get confused if they learn too much. Im interested in this interesting book.(4)作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,条件,结果,伴随,让步情况。作时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. Havingfinished the homework，I went home.(有先后的时间关系， 可加after）作原因状语（分词作状语前面可加because,as等）：Beingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a noteSeriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.Tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.= _, he soon fell asleep.in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. LosingB. Having lost C. LostD. To lose by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm .AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted 作条件状语（分词作状语可加if，unless等）：(If) goingtherebyplane,wellhavetopaytwiceasmuch.(Unles) askedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmithsclass.作结果状语（分词做状语可加and，thus)：Thehusband was dead, leaving his wife alone.He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.European football is played in 80 countries, _it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. make D. to make作伴随状语：He came to the room, singing and dancingThe girls came in, following their parents.Cant you read it? Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointingThe teacher came in, followed by some students.=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.作让步状语：（Though ）raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 分词的特殊结构独立主格有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.=ifweatherpermits,we will go out.Theteacherhavingfinishedthelesson,thestudentslefttheclassroom.with或without+名词或代词+分词”的复合结构常用作补充说明或表示伴情况。例如：Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.某些固定结构generally/franklyspeaking,judgingfrom/by中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。例如：Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.从他的衣着判断Franklyspeaking,Idontlikehimatall.坦率地说（四）非谓语动词的比较1做主语宾语：一般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.照看小孩是她的工作（一般性）Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.打扫教室（具体性）Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimtodaybecauseIdontfeelwell.注意：（1）begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong. (2)有些词后面既可以接不定式，亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 regret to do sth. 遗憾未做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 mean to do sth. 想要做某事（want to do) mean doing sth. 意味着.stop to do sth. 停下来去干另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事go on to do sth 继续做和原来不一样的事 go on doing 继续做和原来一样的事try to do sth. 努力做某事、试图做 try doing sth. 试着做某事be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 （3）want/need/require sb. to do sth. 想要/需要/要求某人做某事 doing sth. 某事（人）想要/需要/要求被做某事（主动表被动） （4）advise/allow/permit/forbid sb. to do sth. 建议/允许/禁止某人做某事 doing sth. 建议/允许/禁止做某事 感官动词 动词原形做了某事主语 + + 宾语 + 现在分词正在做某事 使役动词 过去分词做了或被做1. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. playD. to play2. Paul doesnt have to be made.He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.Acarry out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry out4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.AsmokeBsmokingCto smokeDsmoked5. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard doing 表主动、表进行非谓语动词 done 表被动、被完成 to do 表目的、表将来