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Unit 2 Poems .阅读理解A(2018全国)Languages have been ing and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less ing and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to bee farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal pulsory education,especially globalisation and better munications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展,许多语种消失了。1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers.they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them”可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,人们使用的语言种类很多。2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?A.plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“.all have caused many languages to disappear”和下文的“such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在逐渐取代一些语言。由此可猜测该词的意思是“占优势的”,所以选C项。3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“At present,the world has about 6,800 languages”和最后一句中的“is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that”可知,B项正确。4.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展,许多语种消失了。由此可知,人类的发展导致了语种的减少,所以选C项。BJosh Ferrin picked up the keys to their new house in Salt Lake City earlier this week.He was excited to finally have a place his family could call their own.As he walked into the garage,a box caught his eye.“I felt very surprised and called my wife.She wouldnt believe what I had found,” said Ferrin,who was working as an artist for the Deseret News in Salt Lake City.Then he found seven more boxes,all full of cash.Ferrin quickly took the boxes to his parents house to count.Along with his wife,they put thousands of bills on a table.They stopped counting at $40,000,but thought there was at least $5,000 more on the table.Ferrin thought about how so much money could buy things he never thought he could afford.“I wish I could say there was never any doubt in my mind,” Ferrin said.“But the money wasnt ours and I dont believe you get a chance very often to do something honest and that is a lesson I hope to teach my children.”He then thought about the homes previous owner,Arnold Bangerter,who died in November and left the house to his son.So Ferrin called Bangerters son with the news.Paul Bangerter knew his father hid money away because he once found a roll of cash taped under a drawer in their home,but he never considered his dad had hidden so much over the years.“He grew up in hard times and people that survived that time didnt have anything when they came out of it unless they saved it themselves,” said Paul Bangerter.“He was a saver,not a spender.”“Im a father,and I worry about the future for my kids,” Ferrin said.“I can see him putting that money away for a rainy day.”【语篇导读】Ferrin搬进新家后偶然发现了先前的房主积攒的几箱子钱,他联系到房主的儿子,将这笔钱还给了他。5.Seeing so much cash,Ferrins first thought was to .A.ask his parents to hide itB.put it back where it wasC.return it to its ownerD.buy what he couldnt afford before答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ferrin thought about how so much money could buy things he never thought he could afford.I wish I could say there was never any doubt in my mind,Ferrin said”可知,Ferrin首先想到的是要用这些钱购买以前买不起的东西。6.How did Bangerters son know his father had hidden away money?A.He once stole money from the place where his father put money secretly.B.He once found some cash under a drawer in their home.C.He once happened to see some money hidden in his fathers bed.D.He once heard his father mentioned he had hidden away all his money in a hole.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句话可知。7.What does the underlined part “a rainy day” refer to?A.Difficult times.B.Lucky days.C.A day when it is rainy.D.A day when he dies.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句子上文“Im a father,and I worry about the future for my kids”可知,Ferrin理解Arnold Bangerter作为父亲担心孩子的将来,所以总会把钱攒起来以备不时之需的做法。.七选五Television is everywhere around us.Yet it is great for learning English.The pictures make it easier to understand than radio,because you can see whos talking,and get a better idea of what people mean.Just watch their “body language”!Watch programs that you find enjoyable and entertaining.1.Heres the guide to learning as much as possible while watching English television:2.Learning English should be funnot something that you have to force yourself to do.If you have a passion for football,watch matches or the sports news.Keep a notebook near to your television.3.This is especially useful.You can look for programs with sub-titles in your own language.Try to watch English television regularly.Even if you can only watch 15 minutes a day,youll be amazed at how much you learn.Dont worry if you dont understand everything.English television is normally aimed at native English speakers.4.If the programs that youre watching are full of unknown words,just concentrate on understanding the general meaning.Keep a note of television programs and presenters that you find easy to understand and try to watch them regularly.5.Soon you will impress your friends with your English skills.A.Dont watch the programs too easy for you.B.Better watch programs that you find interesting.C.Programs often include many difficult words.D.English learning has little to do with watching TV.E.Whatever you watch will help you improve your English.F.Doing this will increase your confidence in learning English.G.You can take down any new words or expressions that you hear.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。看英文电视节目有助于学好英语。那么,在看英文电视节目时,应该注意些什么呢?本文就此提出了一些建议。1.E根据上文可知,你可以看一些自己认为有趣和喜欢的节目,接着下文提到通过看英文电视节目来学习英语的一些指南。因此空格处应起到承上启下的作用。E项意为“无论你看什么内容,都会帮助你提高英语”,符合语境,能够总结上文内容并引出下文。故选E项。2.B此处为该段主题句。根据本段内容尤其是最后一句可知,如果你对足球有热情,那么你就看比赛或者体育新闻,即学习英语应该是一个有趣的过程。B项意为“最好看你感兴趣的节目”,能够概括该段主旨,符合语境。故选B项。3.G根据上下文内容可知,本段主要讲述在电视机旁放一个笔记本,目的是你可以记下你听到的内容,这是相当有用的。G项与上下文话题衔接密切,符合语境。故选G项。4.C根据上下文内容可知,本段主要阐述如果没有完全理解所有意思也不要着急。英语电视节目往往是播放给自己国家的人看的,节目中常常会有很多你不认识的词。C项意为“节目中通常含有一些难懂的词”,与本段内容呼应,且与上下文话题衔接紧密,符合语境。故选C项。5.F根据上文内容并结合语境可知,记住你认为容易理解的电视节目和主持人,并尽可能定期收看。故F项“这样做可以使你在学习英语方面增加自信”承接上文话题,对上文进行合理的解释,符合语境。故选F项。.语篇填空What defines a healthy city?Is it a place with a lot of open spaces 1. people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air?A place with little or no pollution?A place in which people can 2.(free) socialize and express their ideas?Perhaps,its all that plus more.Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities,an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by 3. local government to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens.Of all the cities in the world,4. of the top six healthiest cities is Copenhagen,Denmark.Copenhageners love to walk.Foot traffic accounts 5. 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center.Some people can also bike.It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen 6.(carry) out on a bike.As for the climate here,the city does not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round.7. everything starts to freeze,it turns several city squares into huge skating fields.The frozen parts of the city also make 8. easier for residents to skate around.The city also has museums and art galleries for the kids and 9.(grown-up).It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Art and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building 10.(call) the Black Diamond.答案与解析【语篇导读】什么是健康的城市?标准有很多。本文介绍了世界上最健康的城市之一哥本哈根的情况。1.where考查定语从句。where引导定语从句,并且在从句中做状语。2.freely考查副词。句意:一个人们可以自由社交和表达思想的地方?副词做状语,修饰socialize and express their ideas。3.the考查定冠词。the local government指“地方政府”。4.one考查代词。one of.表示“之一”。5.for考查固定搭配。account for表示“占(比例)”。6.are carried考查谓语动词。主语more than a third of all work trips和谓语动词carry之间存在被动关系,因此用被动语态。7.When/As考查从属连词。句意:当结冰时,城市的几个广场会变成溜冰场。when或as引导时间状语从句。8.it考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处it用作形式宾语。9.grown-ups考查名词复数。注意grown-up的复数形式的变化。10.called考查非谓语动词。called the Black Diamond为过去分词短语做定语,表示被动关系。
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