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Unit 21 Human Biology课时练(一)阅读理解组块专练练速度(限时：35分钟).阅读理解A(2019名校原创预测卷二)Kennedy Space Center Official Guide AppDownload the Kennedy Space Center Official Guide and start your journey! The official Kennedy Space Center app is the necessary guide to planning and customizing your visit to the Greatest Space Adventure on Earth!Use the favorites list to create your own guided tour and find your way around the visitor plex with GPSenabled map navigation (导航). Find additional information including hours of operation, where to shop, where to eat and the nearest restrooms. Learn about attractions, tours, astronaut appearances and shows. Opt for notice updates that include rocket launch (发射) viewing information, events and more.Kennedy Space Center Official Guide App is available for free in both the App Store and Google Play.Plan your trip with features such as maps, and detailed descriptions of shows and attractions.Improve your visit with information on guest services, dining and shopping, rocket launches.Use the wayfinding maps to plan your way around the visitor plex and the Apollo/Saturn V Center.Easily check the hours of operation and current weather on the home screen.Keep all your planned activities organized in your Favorites folder in the navigation.Free WiFi is available throughout the visitor plex.KSC, short for Kennedy Space Center, is a working spaceflight place. As a result, all tours and times are subject to change without notice.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一款官方的肯尼迪航天中心应用软件。1What can people do with the app?AWatch rocket launches online.Bmunicate with astronauts.CDesign personal tours of KSC.DBook admission tickets to KSC.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The official Kennedy Space Center app is the necessary guide to planning and customizing your visit to the Greatest Space Adventure on Earth”和第二段中的“Use the favorites list to create your own guided tour”可知，使用该应用软件，人们可以自己安排在肯尼迪航天中心的游览。故选C。2What can we learn from the passage?AKSCs architectural structure is very plex.BVisitors “adventure” may be interrupted halfway.CDetailed plans should be made before visiting KSC.DOnly the visitor plex can be accessed by visitors.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“. Kennedy Space Center, is a working spaceflight place. As a result, all tours and times are subject to change without notice”可知，肯尼迪航天中心是个正在运行的航天器发射地。因此，所有的游览活动和游览时间都可能会在毫无通知的情况下发生改变。由此可推知，游客在肯尼迪航天中心的“冒险经历”有可能会中途停止。故选B。3Whats the purpose of this passage?ATo donate money to Kennedy Space Center.BTo promote the GPSenabled map navigation.CTo explain how Kennedy Space Center works.DTo introduce the official Kennedy Space Center app.解析：选D写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款官方的肯尼迪航天中心应用软件，故选D。B(2019贵阳监测)Ive never been the kind of person to say, “its the thought that counts” when it es to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew_me_away.For years now, Ive been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.In the front room, theres a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my childrens growth.Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each childs name and the date when they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, its this one thing in a home thats the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldnt normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.Over the years, Ive talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (晚礼服)She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (指纹), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my childrens wonderful gift made its way to me a lifesize photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一件充满爱意且特别的礼物的事情。4The underlined phrase “blew me away” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_”Aattracted me Bsurprised meCaccepted me Drefused me解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Ive never been the kind of person to say, its the thought that counts . when my kids gave me a present”及下文的描述可知，“我”以前不相信送礼物的人的心思最重要，但几个星期前“我”的孩子们送给“我”的礼物让“我”改变了这样的想法，所以此处表示使“我”吃惊。5What does the house really mean to the author?AA house. BA building.CObjects. DMemories.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Of all the objects and all the memories, its this one thing in a home thats the hardest to leave behind”可知，对作者来说这栋房子意味着回忆。6What surprised the friends the author know after work?AFinding the wall repainted.BErasing the fingerprints.CGreeting them by tears.DLeaving the wall unfinished.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over” 可知，令朋友们吃惊的是房屋的墙面又被重新粉刷了。7What is the best title for the text?AGift Made with LoveBBuildings Made by ChildrenCA Very Wonderful PaintingDA Family History解析：选A标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段可知，这篇文章主要讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一份用爱制成的礼物的故事，故A项作本文标题最佳。C(2019名校原创预测卷三)Most couples know you should never go to bed on an argument.But anger wont just harm your relationship it could also ruin your sleep, researchers claim. A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾气), slept worse.They are believed to keep themselves awake by thinking over their disappointment and find it harder to achieve the calmness they need to drop_off.There may even be a physical reason, as feelings of anger increase cardiovascular (心血管的) activity, which makes it harder to go to sleep. Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they pleted an anger questionnaire.Writing in the Journal of Research in Personality, they state: “These findings add to the growing evidence that being easy to get angry may lead to poor sleep and that anger and sleep are closely connected.”Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react to specific provocations (挑衅), such as being criticized by others.Finally they were sorted into groups based on how they dealt with anger the “angerin” group, the“angerout” group and the “angercontrol” group.The people who controlled their anger, saying they would “keep my cool” under pressure, got better quality sleep during a week of being tracked.But those who held back their anger, within the “angerin” group, got worse sleep by parison.The study showed those who did not let their anger out by saying “unpleasant things”， but instead chose to “boil inside” still lost out on sleep.Previous research has suggested that people are angry because they lose out on sleep, which makes it harder to hold back negative feelings and creates a vicious circle.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，生气不仅伤害感情，而且不利于睡眠。8Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part “drop off” in Paragraph 1?ARelieve anger. BFall asleep.CBehave reasonably. DImprove a relationship.解析：选B词义猜测题。根据上文中的“anger wont just harm your relationship it could also ruin your sleep”、“A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾气), slept worse”及第二段的第一句话可知，此处内容有关生气使人睡眠不佳；研究发现，人们反复地思考让自己失望的事情会使自己处于清醒的状态，并且更难达到入睡的平静状态。drop off的意思应是“打盹儿，小睡”，与fall asleep的意思相近，故选B。9How did psychologists carry out the research?ABy asking volunteers specific questions.BBy designing interesting group activities.CBy recording volunteers daily behaviour.DBy collecting data from previous studies.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they pleted an anger questionnaire”及第三段中的“Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react”可知，心理学家通过问志愿者们特定的问题来展开他们的研究。故选A。10What does the study find?ASleep problems can be avoided by controlling anger.BPoor anger control is associated with sleep shortage.CAnger is not necessarily a negative feeling.DAnger can lead to lowquality sleep.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Writing .anger and sleep are closely connected”可知，愤怒可能会导致低质量的睡眠。故选D。11Which would be the best title of the passage?ADealing with anger properly guarantees good sleepBWhen and how people sleep when they are angry?CGoing to bed angry can stop you from sleeping wellDHow are sleep problems and mental disorders linked?解析：选C标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现带着怒气睡觉不利于睡眠。故C项作本文标题最佳。D(2019名校原创预测卷一)The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study. The study, carried out by researchers at the University of Portsmouth, found that the exaggerated (夸张的) movement of both the upper and lower body indicated aggression. Using motion capture technology, researchers found that movements reveal certain personalities, such as aggression, agreeableness and outgoingness. The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen. Lead researcher Liam Satchell said, “When one is walking, the body naturally swings a little. An aggressive walk is one where this rotation is exaggerated.” The study also found that personalities that help with social skills such as agreeableness and outgoingness were particularly evident in people with increased pelvis (骨盆) movements alone, or “hip sway”“While little swagger (大摇大摆) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity，” Mr Satchell told MailOnline. The study assessed the personalities of 29 participants using a standard personality test called the “Big Five”. Participants were also asked to plete a questionnaire that measured their levels of aggression. Motion capture technology was then used to record how they walked on a running machine at their natural speed. While people may be aware that there is a relationship between swagger and psychology, this is the first research to provide evidence based on experiments that links aggression with the way people walk, say the researchers.“We know of no other examples of research where the walk has been shown to have close connection with selfreported measures of personalities and suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities，” said Mr Satchell. “If CCTV observers could be trained to recognize the aggressive walk shown in this research, their ability to recognize crimes likely to happen very soon could be improved further，” said Mr Satchell.The researchers are keen to carry out additional studies and have called more members of the public to get involved.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现：一个人走路的姿势可以表明他的性格。12What can we know about “motion capture technology”？AIt is specially intended for fastmoving objects.BIt helps to improve actors acting techniques.CIt has been widely used in the field of film.DIt is a kind of exaggerated shooting skill.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen”可知，动作捕捉技术在电影中应用广泛，该技术用于捕捉演员的动作，然后再转换为电影屏幕上动画人物的动作。13People who walk with less overall movements tend to be _.AaggressiveBcreativeCshy Dhonest解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While little swagger (大摇大摆) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity”可知，如果一个人走路时很少大摇大摆，这可能说明这个人有很强的创造力。14What do Mr Satchells words in the last but one paragraph suggest?ATheres a long way to go to carry out such studies.BThe findings will be mainly used to prevent crimes.CThe research result concluded has been put into practice.DNo research proves the relation between aggression and walk now.解析：选A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“We know of . suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities”及最后一段可推知，Satchell先生的话表明在自发运动和性格特征之间的关系上还需要进行更多研究。15What is the suitable title for the passage?AThe effects of personality types on peoples walkBA new way of recognizing crimes by ones walkCHow a persons walk indicates his intentionDWhat ones walk says about his personality解析：选D标题归纳题。文章开头就点明主题“The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study.”一项研究显示，走路姿势可以表明一个人的性格，下文均围绕该主题展开，故D项适合作文章标题。.阅读七选五(2019昆明调研)How to Say No RespectfullyLike most people, your natural instinct (本能) is probably to help others when you can. _16_ Whether youre declining an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work, you can say no while still being respectful. Whatever the situation is, be clear, polite and firm when saying no.Express your thanks. _17_ If you have to turn someone down, express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place. You could say something like, “Thanks for considering me responsible enough to watch your kids. Im sorry that Im busy that evening.”Think before you speak. If you say no immediately, it might seem like you didnt even consider the request. In order to be respectful, take a moment to think about your answer even if you already know what it is going to be. _18_Give a clear answer. Saying no respectfully shows that youre honest and direct. _19_ If you cant help, say no. If someone is asking you on a date and you dont want to go, make that clear._20_ You can say no without pletely turning down the request. By setting boundaries, you can make it clear exactly what you can do and what you are willing to do. For example, you could say, “Im not free for dinner, but I would be ing for a quick drink after work.”AFind a way to promise.BTake a pause, and then kindly say no.CBut sometimes, you just need to say no.DIts strange to feel guilty for turning someone down.EMake it clear that you sincerely appreciate being asked.FIf you feel it necessary, you can also provide a reason for your answer.GDo not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了如何有礼貌地拒绝别人。16解析：选C前面讲到“帮助别人可能是人的一种本能”，接下来话锋一转，说到“在有的情形下你可以礼貌地拒绝别人”，前后是转折关系，所以选C项。17解析：选E本段的第一句“表达你的谢意”为段落主题句，所以空处意在进一步解释说明这一主题，而选项E的意思是“要表达清楚你很真诚地感激受到邀请”，符合语境，所以选E项。18解析：选B本段首句为段落主题句，意为“在说(不)之前要思考一下”，而B项的意思是“停一下，然后再善意地拒绝”，与此处匹配，所以选B项。19解析：选G由本段内容可知，本段主要讲明确答复对方，有礼貌地拒绝别人表示你是诚实的、直接的。G项“不要给人错觉，让别人觉得你可以满足他的要求”，与本段所表达的意思相符，所以选G项。20解析：选A根据下文可知，本段讲述的是在拒绝别人的时候，可以留有余地，表达清楚你能做什么、愿意做什么，而A项的意思是“找到一个折中的办法”，与本段所表达的意思相符，所以选A项。课时练(二)语言知识运用组块专练练准度(限时：30分钟).完形填空(2019名校原创预测卷五)In April I had a major operation.The day after it the nurse _1_ me that I had to get out of bed and walk a little._2_ I felt very tired and every movement made me _3_， I could get up and I just _4_ to sit on a chair by the bed.I was short of breath and the pain worsened after the great _5_ I made.While I was there an old lady came in and walked directly toward me.Her hair was white and her pale face glowed (发红) more _6_ the bright, red and long coat she wore.I could _7_ that she was wearing a hospital gown (医院手术服) under her coat.She _8_ me and said “You are very pretty.” Her kind _9_ took me by surprise as in that moment the _10_ I believed is that I looked pretty.However, I thanked her.Then she took my hand and said “I am going to pray for you.” And a very warm and forting feeling _11_ me. I really have an urgent _12_ for those words in those moments.This plete _13_ lady made me feel safe and loved.I thanked her for her _14_ and I asked her name.“My name is Pat，” she _15_， and then left, leaving me a bit _16_ but feeling much better and I even _17_ the pain for a little while.I had looked for Pat but it was in vain.Finally the day came when I made a full _18_ and I had to leave the hospital.I _19_ saw Pat since then but that special and brief moment I met her will _20_ in my mind and my heart forever.语篇解读：本文为记叙文。作者在医院做了个大手术，心情十分抑郁，同时身体上十分疼痛。在这期间一位素不相识的病友的赞美改变了作者的心情，让作者感受到了善意和温暖。1A.informedBpromisedCconvinced Dastonished解析：选A根据上文中的“In April I had a major operation”可知，此处指手术之后护士告诉作者她必须下床稍微走动一下。inform“告知，通知”，符合语境。promise“许诺”； convince“使相信”； astonish“使吃惊”。2A.Since BOnceCAlthough DUnless解析：选C尽管作者感到非常累，而且每个动作都让她很痛苦，但是她还是站了起来。although“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。since“因为”； once“一就”； unless“除非”。3A.annoyed BdiscouragedCregretful Dpainful解析：选D参见上题解析。annoyed“恼怒的”； discouraged“灰心的”； regretful“后悔的”； painful“令人痛苦的”。下文中的“the pain worsened”亦是提示。4A.attempted BpreparedCmanaged Dfailed解析：选C根据语境可知，作者不仅站了起来，还成功地坐到了病床旁边的椅子上。manage“努力完成”，符合语境。attempt“尝试”； prepare“准备”； fail“未能”。5A.effort BadventureCprogress Dchange解析：选A作者刚做完手术，因此走动对她来说是很困难的，是要付出很大努力的。effort“努力”，符合语境。adventure“冒险”； progress“进步”； change“改变”。上文中的“I was short of breath”亦是提示。6A.in agreement with Bin parison withCin reference to Din terms of解析：选B根据上文中的“her pale face”和下文的“the bright, red and long coat”可知，老太太脸色苍白，被她身上穿的亮红色的大衣映衬着，显得她的脸色(比大衣)更红。此处作者把老太太脸上的红晕与其所穿的红色大衣作对比，故in parison with“与比较”符合语境。in agreement with“同意，与一致”； in reference to“关于”； in terms of“就而言”。7A.figure out Bwork outCpoint out Dmake out解析：选D根据语境可知，作者看出老太太大衣下穿着病号服。make out“看出，弄清”，符合语境。figure out“理解，弄清”； work out“计算出”； point out“指出”。8A.approached BrecognizedCreceived Dacpanied解析：选A根据上文中的“walked directly toward me”可知，此处指老太太走到作者身边并赞美了作者。approach“靠近，接近”，符合语境。recognize“认出”； receive“接纳”； acpany“陪伴”。9A.approval BdevotionCment Dpersonality解析：选C根据上文中的“You are very pretty”可知，老太太对作者的评论让她很吃惊，因为在那样的时刻，作者最不相信的就是自己看起来很漂亮。ment“评论，解释”，符合语境。approval“赞成”； devotion“奉献”； personality“个性”。10A.last BleastCmost Dfirst解析：选B参见上题解析。11A.struck BrescuedCdefended Dreminded解析：选A听到老太太对自己的赞美之后，一种非常温暖和令人欣慰的感受向作者袭来。strike“打，击，侵袭”，符合语境。rescue“援救”； defend“保护，防御”； remind“提醒”。12A.arrangement BalternativeCreplacement Ddemand解析：选D作者在那时非常需要这样的话语。demand“需要，要求”，符合语境。arrangement“安排”； alternative“可供选择的事物”； replacement“替代品”。13A.elegant BstrangeChonest Dfragile解析：选B根据下文的“I asked her name”可知，作者是不认识这位老太太的，故strange“陌生的”符合语境。elegant“优美的”； honest“诚实的”； fragile“虚弱的”。14A.kindness BguidanceCcontribution Dsacrifice解析：选A根据语境可知，此处表示作者对这位老太太的善举表示了感谢并询问了她的名字。kindness“善良，友好的举动”，符合语境。guidance“指导”； contribution“贡献”； sacrifice“牺牲”。15A.explained BaddedCreplied Dacknowledged解析：选C根据上文中的“I asked her name”可知，此处指老太太回答道：“我的名字是Pat。”reply“回答，答复”，符合语境。explain“解释”； add“补充说”； acknowledge“承认，告知”。16A.amused BworriedCashamed Dconfused解析：选D根据语境可知，老太太回答作者之后就离开了，这让作者感到有点迷惑。confused“迷惑的”，符合语境。amused“逗乐的”； worried“担心的”； ashamed“羞愧的”。17A.expected BforgotCblamed Daccepted解析：选B根据上文中的“feeling much better”可知，作者甚至暂时忘却了自己身上的疼痛。forget“忘记”，符合语境。expect“期待”； blame“指责”； accept“接受”。18A.judgment BrecoveryCschedule Dconsideration解析：选B根据下文中的“I had to leave the hospital”可知，此处指作者的身体完全康复了。recovery“恢复，康复”，符合语境。judgment“
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