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Unit 1 Laughter is good for you一、阅读理解。The English language has an interesting way of classifying words.You might find that a noun acts like an adjective.You know that an adjective modifies(修饰),describing a quality of a noun.For example,you drink a cup of hot tea.The adjective is hot and the noun is tea.What about lemon tea?Lemon is a noun,isnt it?Why is it modifying tea? English often uses nouns as adjectives to modify other nouns.For example,a car that people drive in races is a race car.A car with extra power or speed is a sports car.Nouns that modify other nouns are called adjectival nouns. Did you notice something unusual about the expressions with the noun car?A car used to race other cars is a race car.Both nouns are singular.A car that has power and speed is a sports car.Why is the first noun,sports,plural?A search of the Internet shows us that people started using this phrase back in 1914.Cars were a new thing then. There is no rule about whether the attributive noun is singular or plural.Most of the time it is singular.But if the bination of nouns includes a plural noun,it usually stays that way.The result is phrases like ladies room,not lady room,for a room meant for women and girls,and bean soup but not beans soup for a soup made of beans.Some grammar experts think that English speakers are using more plural nouns in this way. When writing these attributive nouns in English,learners sometimes wonder about whether to use an apostrophe(撇号)to show possession.Is it a ladies room?No,it is a ladies room.Attributive nouns do not need the apostrophe.So we write Veterans(老兵)Day in American English and not Veterans Day or Veterans Day.That means the day is in honor of military veterans,not owned by veterans.1.Whats the topic of this text?A.The function of nouns.B.Special kinds of adjective.C.A special use of nouns.D.The use of adjectives.2.Adjectival nouns can be used to describe_.A.adjectivesB.sentencesC.phrasesD.other nouns3.Why is the plural form “sports” is used to describe a noun?A.It is a traditional usage.B.It is a rule of grammar.C.It is a grammar mistake.D.It is a form of stress.4.Which of the following is a correct English expression?A.Ladies room.B.Veterans Day.C.Veterans Day.D.Veterans Day.参考答案： 1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.D解析： 1.主旨大意题。本文谈论名词的一种特殊用法:作定语。由第一段得出。2.细节理解题。形容词性名词用来修饰其他名词。由第二段最后一句Nouns that modify other nouns are called adjectival nouns得出。3.推理判断题。复数名词sports作定语是一种传统用法。由第三段倒数第二句A search of the Internet shows us that people started using this phrase back in 1914得出。4.细节理解题。Veterans Day“美国退伍军人节”,两个名词之间不是所属关系,不能用撇号。由最后一段得出。二、单项填空1.As we know, nothing can be equal to the _ of parents for their children in the world.A. privilege B. affection C. substitute D. adjustment【答案】B【解析】privilege 特权；affection 喜爱；热爱；substitute 代替者；adjustment 调整。句意：众所周知，世界上没有东西可以和父母对孩子的爱进行媲美。2.If you e to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and _ variety.A. bination B. mixture C. connection D. variety【答案】D【解析】mixture 混合，混合物；connection 连接；bination 结合；variety 多样，种类。句意：如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到一种博大精深的文化(体验中国文化的深度和多样性)。3.The famous musician, as well as his students, was invited to _ at the opening ceremony of the 2012 TaipeiFlower Expo.A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop【答案】C【解析】accelerate 加速，加快；improve 改善，提高；perform 表现，表演；develop 发展。句意：那位著名的音乐家以及他的学生应邀在 2012 年台北花卉博览会开幕式上进行了演出。4.A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and professors to _ together inresearch activities.A. specialize B. participate C. consist D. involve【答案】B【解析】句意：麻省理工学院教育的一个特点就是给学生和教授共同参与研究工作的机会。specialize 与 in搭配表示专攻与某一门学科 to specialize in history 表示专攻历史；participate 与 in 搭配表示参与，参加.participate in=take part in；consist 与 in 搭配表示在于，存在于的意思。involve 与 in 的搭配有两种形式:involve sb./sth. in 表示使卷入。5.A good government will _ its citizens freedom of speech instead of attempting to control their opinionsand thoughts.A. guarantee B. instruct C. indicate D. convey【答案】A【解析】句意：一个好的政府会保证公民言论自由，而不会试图控制他们的意见和思想。guarantee 担保，保证；instruct 通知，指示，命令，教授；indicate 表明，暗示；convey 传递，传达。6.I want you to _ them that theyve got three months to get the details sorted out.A.promise B.instruct C.expect D.forecast【答案】A【解析】句意： “明天我们可以象计划的那样去露营吗？” “恐怕不能，乌云预示着要有一场大雨。 ”promise答应，许诺，预示(主语是物)；instruct 指导，指示；expect 期待，预料；forecast 预测(主语是人)。句意：我想让你告知他们，他们有三个月时间来理清细节。7.My English teachers humor made every student _.A. burst into laughing B. burst out laughter C. burst into laughter D. burst in laughing【答案】C【解析】句意：英语老师的幽默使得所有的同学突然大笑起来。burst into laughter 意为“突然大笑起来” ，其他选项搭配不对。8.When asked how he _ the excellent idea, he said one of his childhood experiences was the originalinspiration to begin his story.A. put up with B. kept up with C. came up with D. went through with【答案】C【解析】put up with 忍受，忍耐；keep up with 与并驾齐驱，跟上；e up with“提出，想出(计划/答案等)；go through with 将进行到底。句意：当被问到他是怎样想到那个好主意时，他说灵感来自于他童年的一次经历。9.Eventually, I felt well enough to _ a job as a teaching assistant.A. take off B. take on C. take back D. take in【答案】B【解析】take on a job 意为“(受雇)承担一项工作” 。句意：最后，我觉得病情已经恢复到可以担任(take on)一个助教的工作了。10.Why did Miss Li resign from the present position so abruptly?As far as I know, she _ for higher wages, but was turned down in the end.A. broke off B. gave away C. went on D. held out【答案】D【解析】break off(使)分离，(使)脱离，停止，断交；give away 赠送，泄露；go on 继续，发生；hold out for坚持得到，坚持要求。句意： “李小姐为什么如此突然辞去现在的职位？” “据我所知，她坚持要求增加薪水，但最后被拒绝了。 ”11.The actors absurd behavior put an end to the last traces of _ his fans had for him.A. appreciation B. motivation C. affection D. expectation【答案】C【解析】appreciation 欣赏，鉴别，增值，感谢；motivation 动机，积极性，推动；affection 喜爱，感情，影响，感染；expectation 期待，预期，指望。句意：那个演员荒谬的行为结束了他的粉丝们对他的喜爱。have affection for/towards 喜爱；钟爱。12.The Internet and _ on campus services，from food delivery to laundry，are fuelling a student culture ofstaying in dormitories. A student can have every need met without leaving the dormitory.A. various B. Expensive C. plex D. interesting【答案】A【解析】various 各种各样的，符合句意。expensive 昂贵的；plex 复杂的；interesting 有趣的。句意：网络及各种校园快捷服务的流行，从订餐服务到洗衣服务，促进了校园“宅文化”的传播。足不出户，学生便可以解决一切需求。13.Your _ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.A. performance B. growth C. operation D. character【答案】A【解析】performance 表演；growth 成长；operation 手术；character 性格。句意：如果你养成反思所学知识的好习惯，那么作为学生你会表现得很出色的。14.In order to encourage _ in class activities, teachers may call on students regardless of whether theyhave raised their hands.A. inspection B. suspension C. anticipation D. participation【答案】D【解祈】inspection 检验，检查，视察，检阅；suspension 悬浮，悬架，悬浮液，暂停；anticipation 期待，希望，预期，预测，预感；participation 参加，参与。句意：为了鼓励学生参与班级活动，老师可以号召学生，不管他们是否举手(想要参加)。15.Although looking good is no _ of doing the job well, personnel officers often hire the person they thinkmost physically attractive.A. guarantee B. principle C. reward D. guidance【答案】A【解析】句意：尽管良好的相貌并不是把工作做好的保证，但人事管理人员常常会聘用他们认为外貌非常吸引人的人。guarantee 保证；principle 原则；reward 奖励；guidance 指导。三、完形填空As a child， Jane was fond of animals. As a consequence， when she was growing up， all she ever heard was as follows， “Jane， you should be a（n） 1. Youre going to achieve great success in that field. Thats the very thing you should do in the future.” So when she got to the Ohio State University， she took biology， chemistry and some other 2， studying hard to be a vet.Later on， she won a Rotary Ambassadorial Scholarship，which allowed her to spend her 3 year studying abroad in Manchester， England. Away from the family and the 4 from them， she found herself one day sitting at her desk， surrounded by biology books and staring out of the window， when it suddenly hit her：“Im in total 5. I dont want to be a vet！”6 she thought back over all the things shed done in her life and what had made her happy. And then it hit herit was all of the youth leadership conferences that she had volunteered at 7 the munications and leadership courses she had taken as selective courses back at Ohio State. “How could I have been so 8？ Here I am in my fourth year at school and just finally 9 that Im on the wrong path. I just never took the time to 10 it until now，” she thought.11 by her new thought， Jane spent the rest of her year in England taking courses in munications and media studies. When 12 to Ohio State， she was 13 able to convince the administration to let her create her own program in “leadership studies”， 14 it took her 2 years longer to finally graduate. She 15 to bee a senior management adviser in leadership training and development for the Pentagon. She 16 founded a drugprevention organization that 17 the message， “Lead your own life with the skill and the 18 to say no.” So， never 19 someone elses dreams. If you limit your 20 only to what seems possible or reasonable， you disconnect yourself from what you truly want.【解题导语】文章讲述了从小喜欢小动物的简，一开始由于受到外界的影响，把当一名兽医、关爱动物作为自己的理想，并在大学学习了相关专业。后来发现，自己真正喜欢的是社交和管理专业，于是简作出了改变，最后取得了成就。1.A.engineerBprogrammerC.doctor DvetD解析：根据文章第一句提到的简小时候很喜欢动物，以及该段最后一句中的vet可知，简总是听人说她长大后应该成为一名兽医（vet）。故选D项。2.A.subjects BobjectsC.projects DprogramsA解析：根据设空前的biology，chemistry可知，此处指简在大学里学习生物、化学还有其他课程。subject意为“课程”；object意为“物体”；project意为“工程”；program意为“项目”。故选A项。3.A.first BsecondC.final DpastC解析：根据第三段中的fourth year可知，简大学最后（final）一年在英国留学。故选C项。4.A.promise BstressC.plaint DpressB解析：由第一段可知，简在家里的时候，家人在她未来职业的选择上对她的干预比较大，而在英国学习期间，远离了家人，也就没有了来自家人的压力。promise意为“许诺”；stress意为“压力”；plaint意为“抱怨”；press意为“按，压”。故选B项。5.A.vain BmiseryC.delight DsurpriseB解析：根据下文简所说的话I dont want to be a vet！可知，简很痛苦。in misery意为“痛苦地”，符合语境。故选B项。in vain意为“徒劳；无用”；in delight意为“高兴地”；in surprise意为“惊讶地”。6.A.Then BInsteadC.Perhaps DSeldomA解析：空后是说她开始回忆过去所做的事情和那些让她高兴的事情。回忆这些事情是发生在她发现自己不想做兽医之后，故选A项，意为“然后”。instead意为“反而”；perhaps意为“或许；可能”；seldom意为“很少；不常”。7.A.but BorC.and DsoC解析：根据语境，youth leadership conferences和munications and leadership courses都是简喜欢的事情，它们之间为并列关系。故选C项。8.A.disturbed BignorantC.intelligent DluckyB解析：根据语境，简喜欢的是社交和管理方面的课程，而不是兽医。这里表达的意思是“我怎么如此无知，大学四年级了才意识到选错了路（专业）”。ignorant意为“无知的”，符合语境。故选B项。disturbed意为“不安的；烦恼的”；intelligent意为“聪明的”；lucky意为“幸运的”。9.A.aware BunconsciousC.afraid DsatisfiedA解析：由语境可知，简想换专业，也就是说她意识到当初选错了路（专业）。aware意为“意识到的”；unconscious意为“无意识的”；afraid意为“害怕的”；satisfied意为“满意的”。故选A项。10.A.plete BacplishC.permit DadmitD解析：此处为never/not.until结构。句中it指的是上文所说的“自己当初选错了专业”，因此，此处指直到现在她才承认这一点。plete意为“结束”；acplish意为“完成；实现”；permit意为“允许”；admit意为“承认”。故选D项。11.A.Inspired BDisappointedC.Embarrassed DConfusedA解析：根据空后的Jane spent the rest of her year in England taking courses in munications and media studies可知，简受到新想法的激励，开始学习通信和传媒专业。inspire意为“鼓舞；激励”；disappoint意为“使失望”；embarrass意为“使尴尬”；confuse意为“使困惑”。故选A项。12.A.relating BreturningC.responding DreferringB解析：简本是在俄亥俄州大学学习，后获得奖学金去英国学习，此时指在英国学习结束后，简返回美国俄亥俄州。return to意为“返回”，符合语境。故选B项。relate to意为“与相关”；respond to意为“回应”；refer to意为“涉及”。13.A.eventually BespeciallyC.hardly DdesperatelyA解析：简最终说服了学校的行政部门让自己创办自己的“领导课程”，尽管这让她毕业的时间延迟了两年。eventually意为“最终”；especially意为“尤其，特别”；hardly意为“几乎不”；desperately意为“绝望地，孤注一掷地”。根据语境可知选A项。14.A.if BasC.although DdespiteC解析：“说服行政部门让自己创办自己的课程”和“延迟毕业”两者之间是让步关系，故选C项。15.A.managed BfailedC.tried DattemptedA解析：根据语境，简成为五角大楼领导力培训与发展的一名高级管理顾问。这里描述的是她的成功，所以选managed，manage to do意为“成功做”。fail意为“失败；未能做”；try意为“努力”；attempt意为“尝试”。16.A.still BneverC.again DalsoD解析：她还创办了毒品预防组织，这是在成为高级顾问之后又一个成功之处。所以用also，表递进。故选D项。17.A.proves BconveysC.concludes DwarnsB解析：prove意为“证明”；convey意为“传递”；conclude意为“结束”；warn意为“警告”。这里指的是传递一种信息，故选B项。18.A.fact BchanceC.will DtruthC解析：fact意为“事实”；chance意为“机会”；will意为“意志；意愿”；truth意为“真理”。由常识可知，在人生道路的选择过程中，抵御外界干扰需要的是“意志力”。故选C项。19.A.ignore BbreakC.realize DliveD解析：此处提到的梦想就是第一段所说的周围的人根据简喜欢小动物给她描绘未来当兽医的理想。ignore意为“忽视”；break意为“打破”；realize意为“实现”；live ones dreams意为“实践某人的梦想”。故选D项。句意为：所以，决不能去实践别人的梦想。20.A.smiles BchoicesC.mistakes DreasonsB解析：句意为：如果你把人生的选择仅局限在看似可能发生的和合理的事情上，那么你就会与你真正想成为的人失之交臂。smile意为“微笑”；choice意为“选择”；mistake意为“错误”；reason意为“理由”。故选B项。四、短文改错。Challenges of life are of great importance in our grow.They remind me my days in senior high school which I joined in the military training.It was the first time I have lived away from my home，so I found it difficult to fit in.And the training officer was strict in me.I once thought I couldnt stick to the end.But anyway，I was succeeded.The trials made it much easy for me to adapt to life，but the difficulties I came across have now bee a precious memory in my life.In short，learning to regard the challenges of life as the stepping stone to future success and make the best of them.【答案】Challenges of life are of great importance in our .They remind me my days in senior high school I joined in the military training.It was the first time I lived away from my home，so I found it difficult to fit in.And the training officer was strict me.I once thought I couldnt stick to the end.But anyway，I succeeded.The trials made it much for me to adapt to life， the difficulties I came across have now bee a precious memory in my life.In short， to regard the challenges of life as stepping stone to future success and make the best of them.第一处：grow改为growth。考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词our可知，应将grow改为growth。第二处：在me后加of。考查固定搭配。此处remind sb.of sth.意为“使某人想起某事”，为固定搭配。第三处：which改为when。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，senior high school后为定语从句，先行词为days且从句中不缺少成分，故应将which改为when，在句中作时间状语。第四处：have改为had。考查时态。在It was the first time(that)句型中，从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，故将have改为had。第五处：in改为with。考查固定搭配。此处be strict with sb.意为“对某人严格”，为固定搭配。第六处：删除was。考查语态。此处succeed为不及物动词，没有被动语态，故将was删除。第七处：easy改为easier。考查形容词比较级。根据语境及句中much可知，此处表示更加容易，故用形容词比较级。第八处：but改为and。考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文之间是顺承关系，故将but改为and。第九处：learning改为learn。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个祈使句，与下文中的“make the best of them”构成并列结构，故将learning改为learn。第十处：the改为a。考查冠词。此处表示一个垫脚石，表示泛指，且stepping的发音以辅音音素开头，故将the改为a。
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