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Unit 2The Olympic Games【短文语法填空】Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years.They may vary from place to place and time to time，but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people，1. (cause) a farreaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives.The traditional Chinese marriage usually 2. (involve) some necessary procedures，such as matchmaking，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows. 3. addition，a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like thiswhen a new couple is engaged，4. follows is a 5. (choose) of the date of their marriage.Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends 6. (attend) the wedding.However，quite a few others，especially 7. in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”The wedding ceremony is usually hosted 8. (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with 9. unique banquet.Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life，everlasting love and happiness，early birth of a 10. (health) baby and so on. 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。1causing解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处表示自然而然的结果，主语They和动词cause之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。2involves解析：考查主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语The traditional Chinese marriage为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。3In解析：考查固定搭配。in addition为固定搭配，意为“此外，除此之外”。4what解析：考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what引导该主语从句。5choice解析：考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词形式。6to attend解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。7those解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，故用代词those。8warmly解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词hosted，故用副词形式。9a解析：考查冠词。空后的banquet为可数名词，表示泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。10healthy解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词baby，表示“一个健康的婴儿”，故用形容词healthy。pete vi.竞争；比赛(1)pete in 参加(比赛，竞争)pete with/against sb.和某人对抗pete for sth.为了而竞争(2)petition n比赛be in petition with.与竞争(3)petitive adj.有竞争力的(4)petitor n比赛者；对手(教材原句)How many countries peted in the ancient Olympic Games?有多少国家参加古代奥运会？Life is like a long race where/in which we often pete with others to go beyond ourselves.人生就像长跑比赛，在这场比赛中我们常常在与他人的竞争过程中来超越自我。As the youngest petitor (pete)，I had to_pete (pete) in the writing contest against 20 other top students for the annual writing award.I must be very petitive (pete) to be the winner.作为最年轻的比赛者，我必须和另外20个顶尖的学生在写作比赛中去竞争以争得这场年度的写作奖。要成为获胜者，我必须有很强的竞争力。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to_pete (pete)admit vt.&vi.容许；承认；接纳；容纳(1)(2)(3)admission n进入；许可；入场券；承认(教材原句)Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as petitors.只有达到该比赛项目规定水平的运动员才被允许参加比赛。He had to admit having_made (make) a serious mistake in public.他不得不当众承认犯了一个严重的错误。He works very hard in order to get himself admitted (admit) into/to a key university.他为了让自己能被重点大学录取而刻苦学习。单句语法填空(2017天津卷)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted (admit) that I hadnt.charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电n费用；主管(1)(2)(3)free of charge免费(教材原句).duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong.所负担的责任以及事情出错后会陷入的麻烦。(牛津P320)He was_charged (charge) with murder，which surprised us all.他被指控犯有谋杀罪，这使我们非常吃惊。The restaurant charged us $ 40 for the wine.这家餐厅收了我们40英镑的酒水钱。单句语法填空(2017江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of what it used to_charge (charge)deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得(1)deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意deserve to do 应该做deserve doing/to be done 应该/值得(被)做(2)罪有应得(教材原句)Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race?你认为希波墨涅斯应该赢吗？What es first is to keep an open mind，because everyones ideas deserve consideration/to_be_considered/considering (consider)首先要保持一个开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。deserve后接名词或doing sth.，常用主动形式表示被动意义，等于接动词不定式的被动语态，该用法与want，need，require相同。【七选五】Think about what youve learned from a particular rumor experience，and let it help you make sure it never happens again.Here are a few tips that will help you. 1 The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向吐露). Try to understand where its ing from，and why.Is the rumor meant to hurt you，or is it just a case of misinformation or exaggeration？Its important to get this information before you react to the rumor. 2 Resist the urge to dish it out.Have you heard the saying “Someone can dish it out，but he or she cant take it”？ 3 If you spread gossip and rumors about others，you might bee a person who deserves a taste of his or her own medicine.Resist the urge to take revenge.If youve been the victim of gossip and rumors and you know who started spreading them，you might want to go“an eye for an eye” 4 And taking revenge in this way might make you feel good for a short time.But in the end，it will just keep the cycle of rumors going. 5 ABe cautious about making friends.BBe careful about your private information.CTry to persuade more people to be on your side.DSo if you can，figure out how the rumor occurs.EIn other words，dont be the person to spread rumors.FIts tending to make up lies or expose information that hurts others.GAnd make you as much of a bully(恃强凌弱者)as any other rumor starter.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述的是如何正确应对谣言。1B根据下文的“The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向吐露)”可知，本段主要讲的是“对你自己的隐私要小心谨慎”，故选B项。B项中的“private information”也与文中的“private information”相匹配。2D根据本段的小标题“Try to understand where its ing from，and why.”及空前的内容可知，对谣言作出反应前，弄清楚谣言很重要。所以如果你能的话，要弄清楚谣言的来源和起因，故D项符合语境。3E根据本段的小标题“Resist the urge to dish it out.”及空处上下文的内容可知，空处讲的应是不要散播谣言相关的内容，故E项符合语境。4F根据下文的“taking revenge in this way”可知，空处的内容应是报复的方法，故F项符合语境。5G根据上文的内容可知，如果以散布谣言的方式报复别人的话，你可能会在短期内感觉良好，但是最后，这只会使得谣言继续被散布，故G项承接上文，进一步说明了这种报复方式的消极后果。take part in 参加；参与take part vi.支持take part with sb.支持某人，袒护某人take an active part in 积极参加participate in 参加，参与play a part in 在中起作用；在中扮演角色(教材原句)Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games?谁不能参加古代奥运会？China is_playing (play) a more important part in the international affairs.中国正在国际事务中起着更重要的作用。To_join (join) the Party，he took (take) an active part in a variety of activities.为了入党，他积极参加各种活动。take part in/join/join in/join sb.in doing sth./attendtake part in指参加群众性的活动、会议等并在其中发挥作用join指加入党派、组织、团体，成为其中一员join in指参加一些大规模活动，如球赛、游戏等join sb.in doing sth.指和某人一起做某事，join的宾语可以是人，也可以是组织、团体attend多指参加大型的集会活动，如会议、婚礼、典礼、报告、上学等。另外还有“照顾、照料”之意填一填Since you have no time，you need not attend the tea party.If Jim took_part_in the Talent Show，hed win it for sure.I wonder if you have known Dr.Jackson for a long time.Yes，since he joined the golf club.Would you like to join us in the discussion tomorrow?as well 也；又；还(常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用)(1)as well as意为“既又；也，又”，可连接两个并列成分，强调其前面的内容，因此连接并列主语时，谓语应与前边的主语保持人称和数的一致。(2)as well as被看作复合介词，后接名词、代词、动名词、形容词、介词短语等；as well as表示“除之外”时，相当于besides，in addition to。(3)as well as也可以是well的同级比较结构，表示“和一样好”。(4)may/might as well do sth.had better do sth.最好做某事；做倒也无妨。(教材原句)For each Olympics，a special village is built for them to live in，a main reception building，several stadiums for petitions，and a gymnasium as well.每届奥运会都要建一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)让参赛的人住，一个主接待楼、几个比赛用的体育场及一个体育馆。(2016北京卷)New experiences often mean taking some risks，so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.新的经历经常意味着冒险，因此你的大脑也要提高冒险的承受力。The teacher as well as his students is(be)going to plant trees tomorrow.和学生一样，这位老师明天也去植树。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well (good) as beauty.stand for 代表；象征；表示；主张；支持；忍受stand sth./doing sth.忍受(做)某事stand by 站在旁边；袖手旁观stand out 突出；显眼；杰出stand on ones own feet 自立；不依靠他人stand against 靠在上；抵抗；反抗(教材原句)What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for?奥运旗上的五环代表什么？I wont stand for being_treated (treat) like a child.我不会容忍把我当孩子对待。Her bright clothes always make her stand out in a crowd.她那鲜艳的衣服总是使她在人群中很显眼。Children should learn to_stand (stand) on their own feet rather than just depend on their parents.孩子要学会自立而不是仅仅去依靠父母。单句语法填空(2017江苏卷)As a new approach starts to bee apparent, two ideas stand out.【短文改错】It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.68% of the students surveying have studying anxiety as well as poor eyesight too.And a larger percentage lacks sleep. 52% are short of physical exercise.42% of the students wont obey our parents or teachers.Personally，I think we student should balance our physical exercise and studies.Without sound body，one cant achieve anything.However，too much attention has been paid only on studies.As a result，I suggest we are given less homework or more time for outofclassroom activities.Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life.【答案】It is shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.68% of the students have studying anxiety as well as poor eyesight .And a larger percentage sleep. 52% are short of physical exercise.42% of the students wont obey parents or teachers.Personally，I think we should balance our physical exercise and studies.Without sound body，one cant achieve anything.However，too much attention has been paid only studies.As a result，I suggest we given less homework more time for outofclassroom activities.Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life.第一处：clearclearly。考查副词。此处修饰过去分词shown，要用副词clearly“清晰地”。第二处：surveyingsurveyed。考查非谓语动词。本句中的谓语动词是have，故students后应是分词作后置定语，survey与所修饰的students构成被动关系，所以用过去分词。第三处：去掉too。考查行文逻辑。句中已经有as well as表示“也”了，故句尾的too是多余的。第四处：lackslack。考查主谓一致。percentage作主语时，谓语与它所修饰的名词或指代的名词一致。此处指学生，所以谓语动词用复数。第五处：ourtheir。考查代词。42%的学生不听他们父母和老师的话。主语是42%of the students，是第三人称，故此处形容词性物主代词用their。第六处：studentstudents。考查名词单复数。we后面的名词是其同位语，所以用student的复数形式与we一致。第七处：Without后加a。考查冠词。body是可数名词，且此处泛指一个好的身体，故加冠词a。第八处：onto。考查介词。pay attention to“注意”是固定搭配，此处用的是该短语的被动形式。第九处：arebe。虚拟语气。suggest在此处表示“建议”，因此后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“shoulddo”形式，且should可以省略。故此处应把are改为be。第十处：orand。考查连词。我建议我们应该少布置点作业，多些时间进行课外活动。本句是肯定句，此处不表示选择意义，而指的是并列的两个名词，表示“及”，应用and。No other countries could join in，nor_could slaves or women!别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！句型“nor/neither系动词/助动词/情态动词另一个主语”用于否定陈述句之后，表示“也不”，相当于either 用于否定句。(1)“neither/nor/so系动词(情态动词或助动词)主语”是一个倒装句型，表示前面的情况也适用于后者，so用于肯定场合，neither/nor用于否定场合。(2)如果前句有两个分句，谓语部分不同，或者既有肯定又有否定，要用so it is with.或Its the same with.句型。(3)如果表示对前面的内容的进一步肯定，则要用“so主语be/助动词/情态动词”意为“的确是这样”。(4)“主语do/did/doesso”表示“某人这样做了”，本结构中的助动词不能改为be或情态动词。(教材原句)He isnt a doctor，and nor/neither is his brother.他不是医生，他哥哥也不是。If you go to school early tomorrow，so shall I.如果明天你早点去学校，我也早去。Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States.So it_was with Jane./It was the_same with Jane.玛丽在澳大利亚出生，在美国居住。简也是。The doctor asked her to eat more vegetables，and she_did so.医生让她多吃蔬菜，她就这样做了。He came to school late yesterday.他昨天上学迟到了。So he_did.他确实迟到了。I lived in what_you_call“Ancient Greece”and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.我生活在你们称之为“古希腊”的地方，我过去也经常写有关很久以前奥运会的情况。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作call的宾语，“Ancient Greece”作宾补。what用作代词，在意义上译法非常灵活，它可以指“的东西the thing(s)/something that.”“的人the person that/who.”“的时间the time that.”“的地点the place that.”等；在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，相当于定语从句中的“先行词关系代词”。He drove at what I thought was a dangerous speed.他以我认为危险的速度开车。After a long journey，they came to what was_called(call)“Gebi Desert”长途跋涉之后，他们来到了被称之为“戈壁滩”的地方。(2015安徽卷)A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not what ships are built for.船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)What is wellknown to us all is that China is a country with a long history .Theres as_much petition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。as.as.像那样，正如。第一个as为副词，修饰形容词或副词原级。第二个as可以是连词，引导让步状语从句；也可以是介词，后加名词或代词。(1)asadj./adv.as.像一样(2)asadj.a/ann.as.和一样(3)as many/much as.与一样多，多达(4)asmany/muchn.as.和一样多的(5)否定句式：not as/so.as.意为“不如”。(6).times asadj./adv.as.“是的几倍”表达倍数的词必须置于比较结构之前。She is not as young as she was.她不如从前那么年轻了。She spends twice_as_much money on clothing as I(do)她花在衣服上的钱是我花的两倍。I have as_many books as you have.我和你的书一样多。Tom is as hardworking a boy as his brother.Tom是和他弟弟一样努力的孩子。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as wellknown as Paulhe stood up for me.【阅读理解】“Her grades are fine; Im not worried about that, but she just doesnt seem to love learning any more，” Alices mum said. Shes absolutely right. Id noticed the same thing about her daughter over the previous two or three years when Id been Alices middle school English, Latin, and writing teacher, and I have an answer, right there on the tip of my tongue, to what has gone wrong. Yet Im torn between my responsibility to help Alice and the knowledge that what I have to say is a truth Im not sure this mother is ready to hear. The truth for this parent and so many others is this: Her child has sacrificed her natural curiosity and love of learning at the altar (圣坛) of achievement, and its our fault. Alices parents, her teachers, society at large we are all supposed to be blamed in this crime against learning. From her first day of school, we pointed her toward that altar and trained her to measure her progress by means of points, scores, and awards.We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect (智力), and that her intellect is more important than her character. We taught her to e home proudly bearing grade As, championship prizes, and college acceptance, and not on purpose, we taught her that we dont really care how she obtains them. We taught her to protect her academic and extracurricular perfection at all costs and that its better to quit when things get challenging rather than risk losing that perfect record. Above all else, we taught her to fear failure. That fear is what has destroyed her love of learning. 【文章大意】本文通过Alice的例子说明了父母、老师和社会有时会扼杀孩子的好奇心和对学习的热爱。【难句分析】 We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect(智力)，and that her intellect is more important than her character.(第三段第四句) 分析：这是一个复合句，含有两个that引导的宾语从句。We是主语，taught是谓语，两个that在从句中均不充当成分。 译文：我们教给Alice的是她的潜力和她的智力是联系在一起的，并且她的智力比她的性格更重要。1Both the mother and the author have noticed that _.AAlice hates to tell them the truthBAlices test scores are not so goodCAlice chooses several subjects to learn DAlice doesnt enjoy studying any more答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“but she just doesnt seem to love learning any more”和第二段中的“Id noticed the same thing about her daughter”可知，Alice的妈妈和作者都注意到了Alice不再喜欢学习。A项和C项文中没有提到；根据第一段中的“Her grades are fine”可知，B项错误。2What does the underlined word “torn” mean in the passage?APained to choose. BGuilty to quit.CTired to manage. DCertain to decide.答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“between my responsibility.and the knowledge that what I have to say is a truth”可知，作者在两者之间很难选择。3What does the teacher think of the girl?AHer academic perfection results from her character. BShe is a gifted girl with spirits of challenging.CShe is perfect in her character development.DHer academic performance is great.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“We taught her to protect her academic and extracurricular perfection at all costs”可知，Alice的学业表现很好。根据第三段的“We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect(智力)，and that her intellect is more important than her character.”可知A项错误；根据第三段倒数第三句中的“that its better to quit when things get challenging rather than risk losing that perfect record”可知B项错误；根据第三段的倒数第二句“Above all else，we taught her to fear failure”可知C项错误。4What leads to the girls change?AA few failure experiences.BFear of failing to get good grades.CHer mothers overprotection.DHer not being accepted by colleges.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“We taught her to protect. That fear is what has destroyed her love of learning.”可知，害怕失败毁掉了Alice对学习的热爱。
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