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Tales of the unexplained一、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later? Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least.“This is an animal study，but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very importantnot just for physical development，but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive(认知的)development during ageing，”says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto，Canada. “In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿尔茨海默病)，possibly to the point of preventing it.”Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups，and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months laterwhen the rats had reached middle agethe team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box，they froze with fear.Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations：exactly the same box in the same room，the same box with the room arranged differently，and a pletely different box in a different room.The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations，suggesting they couldnt remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when were young，at least for rats，has influence on the brain and cognitive healthin the form of better memorieswhen were older，” says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston，who has found that，in humans，exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.1The study shows that _.Aphysical activity is important for physical healthBusing the running wheels is of benefit to the rats growthCphysical activity can prevent humans Alzheimers diseaseDthe more exercise a rat has when young，the better memory it will possess when older2How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?ABy analyzing causes.BBy giving an example.CBy describing the process.DBy showing differences.3What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AExercise.BDevelopment.CBenefit. DStudy.4What is the authors attitude towards the animal study?ANegative. BObjective.CCritical. DDoubtful.【解题导语】本文为说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终身有好处的结论。1D考查细节理解。根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least”可知，早期锻炼似乎对大脑终身有好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。故选D项。2C考查写作手法。根据第三段的“Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups.Around four months later.they froze with fear”和第四段的“Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。C项意为“通过描述过程”，故选C项。A项意为“通过分析原因”；B项意为“通过举例子”；D项意为“通过展示不同点”。这三项均不符合第三、四段的发展脉络。3A考查代词指代。根据第二段的“but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important”及“In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿尔茨海默病)”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说，它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。因此“it”在文中指的是“physical activity”， A项与其同义，故选A项。4B考查观点态度。通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。B项意为“客观的”，故选B项。二、单项填空1.The idea of traveling abroad really appeals to a lot of Chinese people. Thats why every year _ more people applying for passports.A. promise B. expect C. witnesses D. instruct 【答案】C【解析】句意：出国游的想法确实吸引了很多中国人，这就是为什么每年都会有很多人申请护照了。 promise预示；expect期待；witnesses见证；instruct指导。故选C。2.If any of these symptoms _ while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.A. knocks B. occursC. reaches D. applies【答案】B【解析】句意：在服药期间如果出现任何这样的症状，就立即去咨询医生。occur“发生”为不及物动词，符合句意。knocks敲，击，打，(心)怦怦跳；把撞击成(某种状态)；reach到达，够到；apply应用，运用；申请。3.Almost all the buildings nearby were pulled down by the _ of the explosion in a gas station.A. force B. strengthC. energy D. power【答案】A 【解析】句意：附近的房屋几乎都被一家加油站爆炸的力量给震倒了。force 此处指“作用力，逼迫力”，符合句意。strength 指人体的“力量，力气”；energy“能量，能源，活力”；power“能力，权力”。4、A New York couple have been killed in a car crash on their way to hospital，but the unborn baby _ the accident.A. experienced B. survivedC. escaped D. fled【答案】B5.Soubry, UKs former business minister indicated that it was time for women to _ to “clear up the mess created by the men”.A. break upB. step backC. step upD. fold up【答案】C【解析】step up加紧，加强，促进，加快，走上前台句意：索布里指出，是时候让女性们走到台前，收拾这些男性们制造出来的混乱了。6.How do you think I can _ with Tom?Put aside where you disagree and try to find what you have in mon.A. keep up B. take up C. make up D. catch up【答案】C【解析】make up和解。句意：“你认为我怎么才能和汤姆和解呢？”“搁置争议，求同存异。”7.In order to find the witness _ the murder, the police visited a great many citizens.A. on B. of C. to D. for 【答案】C【解析】the witness to是的目击证人。句意：为了找到这起谋杀案的目击证人，警察走访了很多市民。8.It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.A. whetherB. whereC. whichD. that【答案】D9.In order to cooperate better with them, we must _ our ties with them.A. provide B. strengthenC. fix D. negotiate【答案】B10.When Chinese people e to the United States, they fight for _ first, and then desperately make money after they are recognized by others.A. survival B. remainder C. existence D. material【答案】A【解析】survival生存；remainder剩余物；existence存在；material物质。句意：中国人去美国首先就是要解决自己的生存问题，然后得到别人的认可后就拼命赚钱。11.In time of social reform, peoples state of mind tends to keep _ with the rapid changes of society.A. touchB. paceC. step D. progress【答案】B【解析】keep in touch with 和保持联系；keep pace with跟上；keep step with与步调一致，尤指一起行走；D项不与keep搭配。句意：在社会改革的时候，人们的心态容易跟上社会的快速变化。12.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to _ the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.A. make use of B. make up forC. make out D. make sense【答案】B【解析】句意：一些社会学家建议，西方人应该充分利用中国古代的智慧，来弥补西方哲学的不足。make up for弥补，符合题意。make use of利用；make out辨认出；make sense有道理，讲得通。13.I am glad to find that on top of the mountain _ from the time of the Roman Empire.A. lies ancient ruins B. lie ancient ruinsC. does ancient ruins lie D. do ancient ruins lie【答案】B【解析】地点状语“on top of the mountain”放在句首，句子要完全倒装。句意：我很高兴在山顶上发现了罗马帝国时期的古代遗迹。14._ it is true that a students most important goal is to do well in his or her studies, it does not need to be the only goal.A.WhileB. WhetherC. AsD. Before【答案】A15.I ordered Pizza for dinner. It should be here any minute now.Pizza again? We _ Pizza every night for a week now!A. had B. were havingC. have been having D. will be having【答案】C【解析】句意：“我订了比萨当晚饭。它应该随时都会到的。”“又是比萨？我们已经连续一个星期晚上都在吃比萨了！”结合时间状语every night for a week可知，是从过去一直持续到现在并且还没有停止，故本题的时态为现在完成进行时。16.Will you regret your final decision to work in a rural munity?No, I _ it over. A. had thoughtB. have been thinkingC. have thoughtD. would think【答案】C【解析】根据下文说“不后悔”说明“我”是经过深思熟虑过的，强调对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时。句意：“对你的去农村社区工作的最后决定你会后悔吗？”“不后悔。这个决定我已经仔细考虑过。”17.Shall Tom go and play football?Not unless he _ his homework. A. has finishedB. finished C. is to finishD. would finish 【答案】A【解祈】在unless引导的条件状语从句中，用现在完成时替代将来完成时。句意：“汤姆可以去踢足球吗？”“除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。”18.Look! How long _like this?Three weeks! Its not unusual here that the rain _ without stopping these days of the year.A. has it been raining; poursB. has it rained; pouredC. is it raining; is pouringD. does it rain; pours【答案】A【解析】句意：“看啊！雨这样下了多久了？”“三周了。在此地每年这个季节雨一直下个不停是很寻常的事。”根据语境可知，空一用现在完成进行时表示过去开始的动作持续至今还会进行下去；空二用一般现在时表示客观情况。三、完形填空Chris Marlow, a minister and father of two, would say that his life prior to 2009 was good but ordinary.Then a mission trip to Zimbabwe turned his entire world _1_ upside down, and he returned to his home in North Carolina a(n) _2_ man.It was on this trip that Marlow was faced with the _3_ of extreme poverty that showed itself determinedly in the faces of _4_ children begging for food. One orphaned boy, in particular, who slept on the concrete floor of an _5_ gas station with dozens of other orphaned children, _6_ Marlows life work forever.The young boy begged Marlow to allow him to work for him _7_ food, as he had not eaten for days and was starving. It was an _8_ that Marlow could not forget as he spent the following days of the trip driving through dusty roads and desperation, _9_ to find a way to feed the hungry orphans.Marlow went on to found Help One Now, a non-profit organization that _10_ ordinary people to help provide food, shelter, and education to poor children in Africa, Haiti, and around the world through _11_ acts of generosity. In 2016 he published his first book, Doing Good Is Simple, the story of his transformative experience with the reality of severe poverty, as a _12_ for others looking to make a positive _13_ in the world from right where they are.The book does more than _14_ people to do goodit puts the suggestion into action with every _15_. “Early on, we decided that we would use the profits of Doing Good Is Simple to _16_ meals for children in our munities around the world,” Marlow explains. “Every book that is _17_ will provide five meals for children in one of our munities. In the first 30 days after the books _18_, we hit over 30，000 meals.”Help One Now is _19_ working to aid Haiti in the disaster relief of Hurricane Matthew. “We encourage those interested in working with the _20_ to think of ways to help that fit their individual personalities and lifestyles,” he says. “And we also love to see you advocate for us.”语篇解读：本文讲述一个叫 Chris Marlow 的人，在他的一次津巴布韦旅途过后，那里挨饿的孤儿的现状改变了他对世界的看法。于是他成立了一个组织，帮助那些没饭吃的孩子。1.A. economy B. map C. view D. tour【答案】C【解析】view 意为“看法”，符合语境，即一次旅行改变了他对世界的看法。2.A. astonished B. changed C. inspired D. confused【答案】B【解析】过去分词 changed 在本句中作定语，意为“改变了的”，即他回到家乡时成为一个完全改变了的人。3.A. atmosphere B. shape C. addition D. reality【答案】D【解析】句意：他在旅途中看到了极度贫困的事实状况。atmosphere(气氛)；shape(形状)；addition(增加)；reality(现实；事实)。根据语境可知选 D。4.A. starving B. crying C. struggling D. running【答案】A【解析】starving(挨饿的)；crying(哭着的)；struggling(努力的；挣扎的)；running(跑着的)。根据 children后面的“begging for food”可知，A 项符合语境，即面对着一群正在讨饭的挨饿的孩子。5.A. abolished B. acquired C. attached D. abandoned【答案】D【解析】abolished(废除的)；acquired(获得的)；attached(附加的)；abandoned(废弃的)。既然是睡在加油站，所以可以推断这一定是废弃了的加油站。故选 D。6.A. transformed B. transferred C. confirmed D. blocked【答案】A【解析】句意：一个孤儿改变了他的人生。transform 意为“改变”，符合语境。7.A. in return for B. in favour of C. in exchange for D. in search of【答案】C【解析】句意：那个孩子请求 Marlow 让他为他工作换饭吃。in return for(作为的回报)；in favour of(支持；赞同)；in exchange for(交换)；in search of(查找)。根据句意可知选 C。8.A. interruption B. interval C. interview D. interaction【答案】D【解析】根据上下文语境可知，他去那些孤儿那里的活动(interaction)让他终生难忘。9.A. convinced B. determined C. prepared D. satisfied【答案】B【解析】他下决心(determine)要找到办法养活那些挨饿的孩子们。10.A. reminds B. equips C. requires D. permits【答案】B【解析】equip 在这里意为“使具备；使有准备”，符合语境，即他成立的这个组织，使得普通人通过简单的行动，去帮助那些穷孩子，为他们提供食物等。11.A. brief B. graceful C. simple D. courageous【答案】C【解析】同上题，即通过简单的(simple)行动，帮助穷孩子。12.A. measure B. rule C. tool D. guide【答案】D【解析】句意：他出版的书作为那些想要对世界起到积极影响的人的指导用书(guide)。13.A. decision B. request C. difference D. ment【答案】C【解析】 同上题， 即想要对世界起到积极影响的人的指导用书。 make a difference 意为“有影响； 起作用”，符合语境。14.A. encourage B. entitle C. allow D. appoint【答案】A【解析】句意：这本书起到的作用还不只是鼓励(encourage)人们做好事。15.A. attempt B. purchase C. publication D. adoption【答案】B【解析】purchase 意为“购买”，符合语境，即每当有人购买这本书的时候。16.A. submit B. contribute C. pass D. provide【答案】D【解析】即他们用卖书的钱给孩子们提供(provide)食物。17.A. written B. sold C. read D. bought【答案】B【解析】每卖出(sold)一本书可以给孩子提供五顿饭。18.A. release B. recovery C. reservation D. registration【答案】A【解析】句意：在这本书发行(release)后的前 30 天，卖书赚的钱够提供 30, 000 顿饭的。19.A. eventually B. annually C. currently D. permanently【答案】C【解析】他成立的这个组织目前(currently)正在帮助海地灾区的受害者。20.A. organization B. munity C. corporation D. government【答案】A【解析】即指本段开头的 Help One Now 这个组织(organization)。四、短文改错Friendship is very important to everyone，especially to me.Now，I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name are Petou.The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality.He always smile politely at me，make me absolutely delighted when I meet him.Whats more，honest is his good mannerhe never lies me.In addition，he is the caring and passionate friend.Hes willing to help me whenever I have in trouble.The second reason is that Petou is really excellently.He excels at every subject，which makes me admire him very much.To summarize，Petou has a very good personality.Besides，he has a great ability to help other friends and him.I really like him.【答案】Friendship is very important to everyone，especially to me.Now，I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name Petou.The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is he has a very warm personality.He always politely at me， me absolutely delighted when I meet him.Whats more， is his good mannerhe never lies me.In addition，he is caring and passionate friend.Hes willing to help me whenever I have trouble.The second reason is that Petou is really .He excels at every subject，which makes me admire him very much.To summarize，Petou has a very good personality.Besides，he has a great ability to help other friends and .I really like him.第一处：are改为is。考查主谓一致。whose引导的定语从句的先行词是代词“one”，因此谓语动词应该用单数。第二处：because改为that。考查名词性从句。主语为名词reason，表语从句中的连接词要用that。第三处：smile改为smiles。考查动词时态和主谓一致。由“which makes me”可知，主句应用一般现在时；主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应该用单数。第四处：make改为making。考查非谓语动词。make与前面的谓语动词之间无连词，故此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语。第五处：honest改为honesty。考查名词。形容词不能作主语，应该用名词。第六处：lies后加to。考查固定用法。lie to sb.意为“对某人说谎”。第七处：the改为a。考查冠词。此处表示他是一个热心并且有同情心的人，表示泛指，应该用不定冠词。第八处：删除in。考查介词。句意：无论何时我有困难，他都愿意帮助我。have trouble意为“有困难”，in多余。第九处：excellently改为excellent。考查形容词。作is的表语应该用形容词。第十处：him改为me。考查代词。Petou能帮助别人也能帮助我。
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