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2019-2020年外研版高考英语选修6 Module 1Small Talk（Vocabulay Grammar）word学案学习目标：学习和区别didnt need to do 和neednt have done的用法，提高语言运用能力。学习方法指导：通过复习知识点，高考链接的训练对该语法进行巩固和熟练应用。学习过程：.1. 本模块提到了need表示“过去不必做某事”的表达方法。didnt need to do 和neednt have done 这两种结构都可以表示过去不必做某事, 但didnt need to do表示“没必要, 实际上也没有做某事”;而neednt have done则表示“本没有必要, 但实际上已经做了某事”。比较: They didnt need to do it themselves, so they went home in advance. They did not need to go to school, so they went camping together. I didnt need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 a. m. 上面三句话中, 表明他们没必要自己做, 实际上他们也没有自己做; 表明我们没有去上课; 表明实际上“我”没有早起。 As it turned out to be a small house party, we neednt have dressed up so formally. Mr. Smith didnt e last night, did he? No. We neednt have waited for him. A whole night was wasted. You neednt have said that when he asked. 以上三句话中, 表明虽然没有必要正式着装, 但实际上打扮得都很正式; 表明虽然没必要等史密斯先生, 但实际上等了一晚上; 表明当他问的时候, 实际上说了。2. “need”既可以作情态动词, 也可以作实义动词。1)“need”作为情态动词的用法:need表示“需要”或“必须”, 通常用于否定句和疑问句。如: You neednt do it again. neednt后的不定式间或也能用进行式或被动语态。如:We neednt be waiting in this place. The hedges neednt be trimmed this week. 本周树蓠不必要整修。2)“need”作为实义动词时, 通常用法是: 人needto do We need to collect the parcel before we leave for England. 物needdoing The flowers need watering. 物need to be done His leather shoes needs to be mended. 另外, “need”后还可以直接跟名词。It is a question that needs very careful consideration. . 情态动词 + have + done(1) must have done 可用来对某件过去的事情作_推测，表示“一定已经，想必已经”做过某事，用于肯定的陈述句中。否定句中用_。 She must have received the parcel, I sent it by registered post.(2) may have done, might have done, could have done “_”，就语气而言 could have done 所表的可能性更小些。 He may / might / could have left by nine. 他可能于九点前已离去。(3) should have done / ought to have done 表示“_”但实际未做。 I should / ought to have left London before nine but I didnt. (4) shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done 表示“_”，但实际上又做了。 He shouldnt / oughtnt to have left London before nine but he did. (5) cant / couldnt have done 表否定推测，“_”。 She cant / couldnt have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on. (6)could have done 可表示客观上“_”。 表示遗憾 He could have finished the work in time but he didnt work hard.(7) I neednt have gone to the office yesterday (but I went there). (8) might have done 还可表示过去“本可能发生但实际上没有发生的动作”。用于表示说话人对已发生事提出批评或意见。He might have given more help, even if he was very busy. .高考例析1. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will2. I was really anxious about you. You_ home without a word. （01 全国） A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave3. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. （04 福建） Aought to tell Bwould have told Cmust tell Dshould have told 4. Tom graduated from college at a very young age. Oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then. （04 全国IV） A. could B. should C. might D. must5. He _ have pleted his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant6. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He have gone farhis coats still here. （05湖北卷） Ashouldnt Bmustnt Ccant Dwouldnt7. The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties! (05 江苏卷) A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through8. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. （05 北京春季） A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped9. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving10. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. （05 山东卷） A. could B. would C. must D. needIV. 反思小结：_11. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? Something _ to him. Amust happen Bshould have happened Ccould have happened Dmust have happened12. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05 天津卷） A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt13. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. （05 辽宁卷） Ashould put Bcould have put Cmight put Dmust have put ABDDBCDBAADBD
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