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晨背系列二阅读中的常见词汇(一)依据前后缀归类记单词前缀置于词根之前并改变原词义的构词成分1否定前缀ununeasy心神不安的 unfortunately不幸地unhealthy不健康的 unnecessary不必要的unwise不明智的I felt uneasy at the presence of so many strangers.面对这么多陌生人，我感觉很不自在。Unfortunately, the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over the country.不幸的是，干旱的灾难性影响遍及全国各地。Although sparrows showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.虽然麻雀数量没有减少的迹象，但食物链还是总体处于不健康的状态。nonnonprofit非营利性的 nonliving无生命的nonserious不要紧的 nonverbal非言辞的An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with one another.生态系统包括同一地区内相互影响的生物和非生物。In fact, one of the best definitions of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation”事实上，关于幽默感的最好的定义之一就是“能看到情况还没那么糟糕的能力”。 im (in， ir)impatience不耐烦 impossible不可能的improperly不适当地 impractical不现实的independence独立 irregularly不规则地A serious study of physics is impossible without some knowledge of mathematics.不了解数学就不可能深入研究物理。Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.产品因使用不当而造成的损坏，第一年可享受免费维修。disdistrust不信任 disability残疾discourage使气馁 disappointed失望的disagree不同意 disuse废弃The researchers said that unhealthy lifestyle was related to a greater risk of disability.研究人员说不健康的生活方式与致残风险增加有关。Do not let any failures discourage you.别让任何失败使你一蹶不振。They made some experiments in a house disused for years.他们在一间废弃多年的屋子里做了一些实验。2错误前缀mismisunderstand误解 mistake错误miscalculate误算；对判断错误misconception误解，错觉If I am not miscalculating, there are 3 times.如果我没算错的话，总共有3次。There are some mon misconceptions about the American family values.关于美国的家庭价值观，存在一些常见的错误观念。Misunderstanding often leads to big mistakes.误解常会导致大错误。3方位前缀super(也可表示程度)superhero超级英雄 superiority优越；优等superman超人 supermarket超市superstar巨星；超级明星 superstore大型超市They should focus on the superiority of products.他们应该关注产品的优势。Supermarkets make our life more convenient.超市让我们的生活更便利。Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.超级巨星们不能随意行动，因为他们不能不担心那些装备了高级相机的摄影师们。subsuburb郊区subway地铁substitute代替Four new subway lines have been built in our city.我们这个城市已经修建了四条新的地铁线路。The baby monkeys picked the soft mothersubstitutes as their favourites.猴宝宝们挑了手感柔软的母亲替代物作为它们的最爱。overoverestimate高估 overreact反应过度overuse过度使用 overcrowded过度拥挤的He could not help overreacting to different opinions against his.对那些反对他想法的不同观点，他忍不住反应过度了。Healthy way of life also means avoiding overuse of medicine.健康的生活方式也意味着避免用药过量。It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the centre of the city.人们期望它一天能够承载20 000辆卡车和汽车，这样就可以大大缓解市中心的交通过度拥挤问题。transtransfer转移；转乘 transport运输translate翻译 transform转换；改变transplant移植Oneway ticket allows you to reach your destination, including transfers within 2 hours.凭单程票可达目的地，两小时之内换乘有效。Transport routes, timetables and fare information are available from the tourist centre.可从游客中心那里获取交通路线、时刻表以及车票费用的信息。后缀置于词根尾部，主要用于改变单词的词性，偶尔用于改变词义1名词后缀动作执行者er (or, ar)farmer农场主；农民 owner物主administrator管理者author作者mayor市长The administrator said we were entitled to a paid leave for ten days annually during the first five years.领导告诉我们在工作的前5年每年可享受10天的带薪假期。The author said something unfair about doctors in his book.作者在他的书中针对医生说了些有失公允的话。antapplicant申请人assistant助理In order to get a good job, many applicants poured into the job market.为了得到好的工作岗位，许多求职者涌入了招聘市场。I intend to take a parttime job working as an assistant teacher.我打算兼职当助教。istdentist牙医 scientist科学家specialist专家 tourist旅行者Its ten years since the scientist set out on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical element.从这名科学家开始致力于发现这个重要的化学元素到现在，已经过去10年了。Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist panies.与那些旅游公司相比，他们的需求和问题更为重要。跟动作状态有关的名词性后缀ionaction行动 attraction吸引，吸引力reaction反应 satisfaction满意Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。(行动胜于言辞。)Due to the strong attraction of electronic products, we are less dependent on ourselves.由于电子产品的强大吸引力，我们更不独立自主了。The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear.该项研究测试了20名健康的志愿者对于恐惧的反应。mentamazement惊奇 appointment约会；任命development发展 improvement改进，改善judgment判断 treatment治疗，对待government政府 unemployment失业She noted with amazement how closely her own life mirrored her mothers.她惊讶地注意到她的生活简直就是她母亲生活的翻版。He was satisfied with the improvement of our services.他对我们服务质量的改进感到满意。A judgment must be made free from prejudice.做出的判断应不受偏见的影响。Each citizen will have the right to enjoy the free medical treatment from the government.每个公民都将有权享受政府提供的免费医疗待遇。inghearing听力 living生活方式，生计saying说话；谚语 training训练writing书法 “You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如老话所说：“不能凭封面来判断一本书的好坏。”Good public speaking training can help you express yourself more effectively.良好的公开演讲训练有助于更有效地提高你的表达能力。enceconfidence信心，信任 convenience方便difference不同，差异evidence证据 silence沉默，无言In terms of convenience, the museum has more advantages over the gallery.就便捷性而言，与美术馆相比，博物馆有更多优势。There is usually a difference between ones dream and reality.一个人的梦想与现实之间通常会有差距。I parked my car by the lakeside and enjoyed reading my book in sweet silence.我把车停在湖边，在美好的静默中享受阅读。urecreature生物，动物failure失败 pressure压力pleasure愉快，乐趣 structure结构，体系By keeping a pet, children will get an opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creatures life.通过饲养宠物，孩子们将有机会承担照顾其他生命的责任。He took great pleasure in biking.他从骑车中获得了很多乐趣。Its useful to know something about human body structure.对人体构造有所了解还是有用的。nessawareness意识，察觉 business生意，业务carelessness粗心大意 uneasiness不安With selfawareness and selfcontrol, it is possible to change our bad habits.凭借自我意识和自控能力，改变自身的不良习惯是可能的。I often make mistakes with carelessness.我经常会因粗心大意而犯错。I tried to put aside my uneasiness and go back to work.我尽量克服自己不安的感觉，重新开始工作。ityactivity活动 curiosity好奇心reality现实 equality平等quality质量，品质 popularity普及，流行，受欢迎Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages.人类活动不应为所有水资源的短缺承担责任。In reality, equality is not given but gained.在现实中，平等不是被动给予的，而是主动争取来的。Janes popularity is rooted in her intelligent writing.简之所以受欢迎，根源在于她作品中的智慧。erydelivery传送，分娩 discovery发现robbery抢劫 scenery风景，景色The discovery of the gold coins in his suitcase is the reason for their attempted robbery.在他行李箱里发现的金币是他们企图抢劫的原因。We went to enjoy the fresh air and the beautiful scenery at the seaside.我们来到海边享受新鲜空气和美丽景色。其他常用的名词后缀shiphardship艰难 friendship友谊 relationship关系，联系Not until he went through real hardships did he realize the importance of friendship.直到他经历了千辛万苦之后，才明白了友谊的重要性。No one is willing to keep a good relationship with illtempered people.没人愿意和脾气差的人保持良好关系。 ologyapology道歉；歉意 biology生物学psychology心理学 technology科技，工艺学She could not make her decision to choose biology as her major.选择生物学作为专业，她下不了这个决心。There are some problems psychology doesnt have the answer to.有些问题心理学也没法回答。ismcriticism批评 pessimism悲观，悲观主义mechanism机件，机制 optimism乐观，乐观主义racism种族主义 tourism旅游业，观光业Recent criticism of the movie arose partly from its pessimism.最近对于这部电影的批评部分源自于电影里的悲观主义。The researchers have found an important mechanism by which the brain works.研究人员已经发现了一种大脑运作的重要机制。The sudden growth of tourism has brought many benefits to the local economy.旅游业的突飞猛进已经给地方经济带来了许多好处。2动词后缀ifyidentify鉴定；识别 simplify简化justify替辩护；证明正当He helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses.他帮助我认识到了自己的长处和短处。While intelligent people can often simplify the plex, a fool is more likely to plicate the simple.聪明的人可能常把复杂的问题简单化，而愚蠢的人则更可能把简单的问题复杂化。izeapologize道歉 criticize批评organize组织，安排 realize意识到，实现recognize认出，承认Many times the person who hurts you does not intend to apologize.很多时候，伤害你的人并不打算向你道歉。He decided to organize a special concert.他决定组织一场特殊的音乐会。One day, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.有朝一日，你会意识到并不是一切都可以用金钱来购买的。3形容词后缀用以表示性质与特征的形容词后缀fuldoubtful可疑的，不确定的 fearful可怕的grateful感激的，令人愉快的 harmful有害的meaningful有意义的，意味深长的They want to find out how the brain responds to a fearful event.他们想搞清楚大脑对可怕的事件会如何作出反应。He was grateful for his good health and good mood.他很感激自己身体健康、心情舒畅。I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are more meaningful things to do.我认为每天晚上看电视就是浪费时间有许多更有意义的事情可做。ive以ive结尾的形容词，表示具有某种倾向或特性。active活跃的；积极的 aggressive好斗的，有进取心的attractive有吸引力的 municative健谈的creative有创造性的 effective有效的，生效的expensive昂贵的 positive积极的，肯定的Listening is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.听力是一种锻炼我们的注意力和努力程度的积极练习。What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.这本书出色之处在于作者富有创意的想象力。It would be more effective to give direct help to the homeless.给无家可归者提供直接帮助会更有效。ous出现在说明人或事物具有某种特质的形容词里。anxious渴望的；忧虑的 curious好奇的dangerous危险的 famous著名的generous慷慨的 nervous神经的，焦虑的previous以前的，先前的 serious严重的，严肃的Children are curious about the world by nature.孩子们天生对世界感到好奇。He was glad that he was finally admitted into that famous university.他感到高兴的是自己终于被那所著名大学录取了。A generous person is willing to offer help to those in need, without asking for any reward.慷慨大方的人不要任何回报，心甘情愿给那些需要帮助的人提供援助。able与名词结合构成的形容词，用来描述人或物，具有很多原名词表示的性质与特征。unfortable不舒服的 fashionable流行的，时髦的honorable光荣的，可敬的 unreasonable不合理的valuable贵重的，宝贵的She is dressed in a fashionable business suit that fits her very much.她穿着一套时尚又非常合身的职业套装。Mark Twains works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.马克吐温的作品因荒谬的理由被查禁了。The valuable possessions I have is the gold ring and the pearl necklace my mother left me.我拥有的值钱之物就是我妈妈留给我的金戒指和珍珠项链。able与动词结合构成的形容词，用来表示事物具有原动词动作和行为特征的属性。admirable令人钦佩的 avoidable可避免的imaginable可想象的 suitable适宜的，合适的acceptable可接受的，受欢迎的available可利用的；有空的renewable可更新的，可再生的In fact, many traffic accidents caused by careless driving are avoidable.实际上，由于粗心驾驶导致的很多交通事故是可以避免的。Tickets are available free of charge from the school.学校有免费票。Scientists are searching renewable energy to replace coal and oil.科学家正在寻找可再生能源来代替煤和石油。表示“没有”或“缺乏”的概念的形容词后缀less与名词结合构成形容词，用来描述缺乏或不具备原词表示的内容。该后缀不但可以改变词性，还可以改变词义。endless没完没了的 jobless失业的homeless无家可归的 mindless不留神的，愚蠢的selfless无私的 tireless不知疲倦的wireless无线的Overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal to the tourists.过度拥挤的海滩、密集的旅馆，已经开始丧失了对游客的吸引力。My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.我那些没经过大脑思考的话一定已经深深地伤害了他。They once gave us so much selfless love.他们曾经给予了我们许多无私的关爱。表示“与有关的”形容词后缀al (ial, ical)artificial人工的，虚假的 facial面部的financial金融的，财政的 historical与历史有关的industrial工业的 magical魔术的，神奇的medical医疗的，医学的 mental精神的，心理的national国家的 original原始的，原版的personal个人的，私人的 potential潜在的physical物质的，身体的 special特殊的social社会的It is believed that one day artificial intelligence can beat us in playing chess.大家相信有一天人工智能会在下国际象棋方面战胜人类。For kids, gifts always have a magical power to make them happy.对于孩子而言，礼物总有能让他们快乐的魔力。Mental health can never be replaced by wealth.心理健康永远也无法用财富来代替。Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be well protected.许多国家正在建立国家公园，在那里动植物可以受到很好的保护。icallergic过敏的 basic基本的dramatic戏剧性的，引人注目的 optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的 specific明确的，特殊的I parked my car and allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.我停下车，让自己好好感受一下这风光秀丽的山谷美景。After so many frustrations, he changed from an optimistic person to a pessimistic one.经历了诸多挫折后，他从一个乐观的人变成了一个悲观的人。That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.那就导致了专业化这个概念的产生，这意味着人们会专门研究或者关注某个特定的工作。4副词后缀lyactually实际上 awfully非常地，极端地constantly不断地，经常地 currently现在，通常directly直接地，立即 evidently明显地，显著地particularly特别地 rarely很少，难得extremely非常，极其 regularly有规律地，定期地tightly紧紧地，坚固地I constantly say “dont worry about me, Im fine”， but she never believes me.我一直说“别为我担心，我一切都好”，但是她从未相信过我。Evidently, my excitement really came through in my words.显然，我的兴奋之情真的溢于言表。The text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seemed reasonable.这篇文章明显忽略了这个事实：人类，尤其是青少年，好像很少有理智的。The baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.小猴子会在四周活动，也会紧紧搂住它的母亲。ward (s)与表示方向的名词或副词结合构成新词，表示人或物移动或面对的方向。afterward后来 backward向后，落后forward向前；将来Afterward, she invited me to the oneandonly steak house in the area to celebrate her victory.后来，她邀请我去当地的唯一一家牛排屋庆祝她的胜利。Looking backward, we can discover what is unique in us.回首往事，我们才会发现自己的独特之处。She pushed herself forward through the water.她在水里奋力往前游。通过以上内容，我们能认识到掌握一定数量的前缀、后缀的主要意义和用法，就能认识和掌握更多的词汇，即使这些词汇之前从未接触过。观察原词的用法，通过将前缀或后缀的意义与原词的意义叠加，就能推测出新词的含义。如此举一反三，词汇量可以得到成倍的增长。(二)依据词根联想记单词下面列举了一些高考英语中常见的词根，一旦掌握，就能成倍增加词汇量，并能快速辨析词义。1ann年anniversary n. 周年纪念annual adj. 每年的2art技巧article n. 物品；文章artificial adj. 人工的；虚假的3audi听audible adj. 听得见的audience n. 听众4ball舞，球balloon n. 气球vi. 如气球般膨胀ballroom n. 舞厅5bas, base低下，基础base adj. 低下的n. 基础v. 以为基础baseball n. 棒球basement n. 地下室basic adj. 基础的6center, centr中心concentrate v. 集中n. 浓缩central adj. 中心的7cide杀pesticide n. 杀虫剂suicide n. 自杀8circ, cycl圆，环，轮子bicycle n. 自行车circus n. 马戏团；圆形广场cycle n. 周期recycle v. 再循环；回收9clar清楚，明白clarify v. 讲清楚；澄清declare v. 表明；声明10clos, clud关闭close n. 关闭closet n. 壁橱；密室conclude v. 得出结论；终结disclose v. 揭发；泄露enclose v. 包围；围绕include v. 包含11cord心accord v. 一致；符合record n&v. 记录12cre, creas增长，产生concrete adj. 具体的n. 混凝土creative adj. 有创造性的creature n. 生物；创造物decrease v. 减少increase v. 增加recreate v. 休养；再造recreation n. 娱乐；消遣13duc, duct引导conduct n. 行为v. 指挥educate v. 教育；养育produce n. 农产品v. 生产product n. 产物；产品reduce v. 降低；减少14fer带，拿ferry n. 渡口；渡船offer n&v. 提供；提出prefer v. 更喜欢refer v. 提到；指点suffer v. 受苦；经受transfer v. 转移；转乘15fin结束，范围finish v. 完成；结束final adj. 最终的n. 决赛16flu流fluid n. 流体；液体fluent adj. 流利的influenza n. 流行性感冒(flu)influence n&v. 影响17form形式，外形formal adj. 正式的；正规的inform v. 通知；告知reform n&v. 改革；改造transform v. 转换；改变18grad步，走，级gradual adj. 逐步的graduate n. 毕业生v. 毕业upgrade v. 上升；升级19lev举，升elevator n. 电梯lever n. 杠杆20lingu语言bilingual adj. 两种语言的linguist n. 语言学家21loc地方local n. (本)当地人adj. (本)当地的；局部的location n. 位置，方位22manu手manual adj. 手的；用手的manuscript n. 手稿23memor记忆，记住的memorial n. 纪念日；纪念物memory n. 记忆24mob, mot, mov移动mobile adj. 活动的；移动的motion n. 运动movable adj. 可移动的25pon, pos放置position n. 位置postpone v. 推迟26popul人民population n. 人口popular adj. 流行的；大众的27prim第一，首要primary adj. 最初的primitive adj. 原始的28sci知道science n. 科学conscious adj. 有知觉的29sens, sent感觉sense n. 感觉sensitive adj. 敏感的sentiment n. 感情；情感30spec看prospect n. 展望spectacle n. 场面；景象31tail切，割retail n. 零售tailor n. 裁缝32tain, ten, tin保持，握，容纳contain v. 容纳obtain v. 取得33tend, tens, tent伸extend v. 伸开；扩展extensive adj. 广阔的extent n. 程度；长度34tract拖，拉，吸引attract v. 吸引attractive adj. 有吸引力的contract v. 收缩n. 合同distract v. 分散注意力35uni单独，单一union n. 联合；工会unite n. 统一；联合36vac, van空，空虚vacation n. 假期vacancy n. 空位，空缺vanity n. 虚荣心37vid, vis看见evident adj. 明显的visible adj. 可见的38vit, viv生活，生存survive v. 幸存vital adj. 生死攸关的；至关重要的vitamin n. 维生素39volv滚动involve v. 卷入revolve v. 旋转40wis, wit知道wisdom n. 智慧witness v. 目击；见证(三)逆序归类“一语”记单词词组1traffic n 交通(量)，来往车辆specific adj. 详细而精确的；特殊的scientific adj. 科学(上)的；科学性的Upon specific request, they used scientific methods to collect traffic data at the specific hour.依照明确的要求，他们使用了科学的方法来收集特定时间的交通数据。词组2panic n&v.惶恐；惊恐；恐慌；使恐慌；使惊慌失措picnic n野餐，郊游v. (去)野餐clinic n. 诊所；临床讲课The sudden earthquake ruined the doctors picnic plan and he had to hide in the panic room in his clinic.突如其来的地震毁了这名医生的野餐计划，他不得不待在诊所的紧急避难室里。词组3energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的；合适的enthusiastic adj. 狂热的；热烈的；热心的The teachers are very enthusiastic about the proposal put forward by the energetic students who are sympathetic with environmentalism.老师们对于那些由精力充沛的学生提出的支持环境保护主义的建议非常热心。词组4plastic n(pl.)塑料(制品)adj. 塑料(制)的，可塑的fantastic adj. 幻想的；异想天开的；极好的Fifty years ago, it was still a fantastic idea for people to pay with a microchipped plastic card.五十年前，用一张装有微型芯片的塑料卡片来付钱还是一个异想天开的想法。词组5optimistic adj.乐观的characteristic adj. 典型的；有特性的Smile and hope are characteristic of optimistic people.微笑和希望是乐观人士的典型特征。词组6spread v展开，铺开，流传，蔓延n. 伸展，扩展widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的No one knows who spreads the news, but it is widespread that next weeks fashion show will be a success.没人知道是谁散播了这个消息，但是大家普遍认为下周的服装展览会将是一次成功的展览会。词组7valid adj. 正当的；合法的vivid adj. 逼真的；鲜艳的；清晰的The vivid account of the accident given by the witness served as a valid evidence in court.证人对这次事故的清晰的描述，在法庭上被作为合法证据。词组8demand vt. 要求，强令，需要，询问n. 要求，需要mand n&v. 命令，指挥，控制expand v. 扩张；膨胀；扩大grand adj. 宏伟的；壮丽的；主要的The king demanded the general in mand of a grand army to expand his land to the Red Sea.国王命令率领大军的将军要把他的领土开拓到红海边。词组9found vt. 成立；创立；把建立在；兴建sound adj. 健康的；健全的；可靠的；合理的n. 声音v. 听起来wound n. 伤口；创伤vt. 使受伤；伤害(感情)Its sound to found a clinic in the mountainous area, which is also lucky for the wounded.在山区创办一家诊所是合理的，这对于伤者来说也是件幸事。词组10blood n. 血液；血；血统flood n. 洪水；水灾；大量v. 淹没；溢出mood n. 心情；心境；情绪wood n. 木材；木头；木料(pl.) 森林；林地After being hit by a large piece of wood in the flood, his arm began to lose blood and he was in a bad mood.在洪水中被一块大木头撞击之后，他的手臂开始出血，心情也很差。词组11ice n. 冰；冰冻甜食vt. 冰冻；使成冰police n. 警察；公安部门adj. 警察的v. 管辖voice n. 说话声音；嗓音；嗓子；语态v. 说话；表达office n办公室；办事处；部；处；局；职务；公职None of them voiced out their opinions to break ice at the police office.在警察局里，他们没有人说一句话来打破沉默。词组12choice n. 选择(权)；供选择的东西adj. 上等的；精选的rice n. 稻子；大米；米饭price n. 价格；价钱；代价vt. 定价(或标价)juice n. (水果、蔬菜、肉等的)汁；果汁Reasonablypriced choice rice and fresh fruit juice are offered at our farm.我们农场提供价格合理的精选大米和新鲜果汁。词组13notice n. 通知，布告；注意，认识v. 看到，注意到justice n. 正义；公平；司法；法律制裁nice adj.美好的；令人愉快的；友好的；亲切的practice n&v.实践；练习；实习(动词同practise)How nice it is to receive the notice inviting me to practice at the Department of Justice!收到邀请我去司法部门实习的通知太令人愉快了！词组14balance n. 秤；平衡；余额v. 使平衡；结算；抵消glance v(at, over) 扫视n. 匆匆看；一瞥；一眼ambulance n. 救护车In order to take a glance at the ambulance passing by, the child lost his balance and fell off the tree.为了看一眼飞驰而过的救护车，那个小孩失去了平衡，从树上摔了下来。词组15finance n. 财政；金融；收入；资金appearance n. 出现；露面；外表；(在会议等)作短暂露面entrance n. 进入；入口；门口；入场；入会；入学The Finance Minister made his appearance at the entrance of the main hall.财务部长在大厅入口处露面了。 词组16insurance n. 保险；保险业distance n. 距离；间距；遥远；远方；冷淡；疏远advance n. 前进；预付v. 前进；进展；促进；推进We decided to further advance our long distance shipping insurance business with our customers.我们决定向客户进一步推进长途运输保险业务。词组17experience n. 经验；感受；体验；经历vt. 经历；体验existence n. 存在；生存；生活(方式)The experience of urban
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