2019版高考英语大二轮复习 第二部分 阅读理解 14 科普知识类课件.ppt

专题十四科普知识类 2 2018全国 Abuild it yourselfsolarstill 蒸馏器 isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU S DepartmentofAgriculture it sanexcellentwatercollector Unfortunately youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou sinceit sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes Theonlyponentsrequired though area5 5 sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic sixfeetofplastictube andacontainer perhapsjustadrinkingcup tocatchthewater Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt 3 Toconstructaworkingstill useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher sproductivity Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup andout thesideofthehole Next covertheholewiththeplasticsheet securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet scenterdownwitharock Theplasticshouldnowformacone 圆锥体 with45 degree angledsides Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover andnomorethanthreeinchesabove thecup 4 Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic Groundwaterevaporates 蒸发 andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform rundownthematerial andfalloffintothecup Whenthecontainerisfull youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube andwon thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink 5 32 Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph A It sdelicate B It sexpensive C It splex D It sportable 33 Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase thewatercatcher inparagraph2referto A Thetube B Thestill C Thehole D Thecup 34 Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill A Digaholeofacertainsize B Putthecupinplace C Weightthesheet scenterdown D Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet 6 35 Whenasolarstillworks dropsofwatereintothecupfrom A theplastictubeB outsidetheholeC theopenairD beneaththesheet 7 文章结构 8 难点分析 Unfortunately youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou sinceit sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes 不幸的是 你必须随身携带这些必备的仪器 因为要找到天然的替代品几乎是不可能的 分析 since 是原因状语从句 it是形式主语 tofind 是不定式作真正的主语 allbut意为 几乎 Whenthecontainerisfull youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube andwon thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink 当容器装满了水 你就可以通过吸水管把这些提神的水吸出来 而不必每次饮水时都要把装置拆掉 分析 该句中的 everytimeyouneedadrink 是时间状语从句 表示 每当 的时候 9 语篇导读 美国农业部的两位博士研制出一种蒸馏器 在水资源短缺的区域 这是一种非常不错的获得饮用水的设备 32 D推理判断题 从文章第一段的 Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt 可知 这种集水器设备携带起来很方便 人们可以把它折叠成一个小包并系在腰带上 33 B词义猜测题 从文章第二段的 Toconstructaworkingstill 和画线词后的productivity可推断出画线部分指的是thestill 34 C细节理解题 从文章第三段的 Next covertheholewiththeplasticsheet securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet scenterdownwitharock 可知 用塑料布把洞穴覆盖 并把塑料布的边缘用泥土弄牢 最后把一块石头压在塑料布的中心 因此选C项 10 35 D推理判断题 从文章最后一段的 Groundwaterevaporatesandcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup 可知 这种蒸馏器的工作原理是创造一个温室 地面的水向上蒸发并在塑料布上聚集形成小水滴 然后水滴顺着塑料布流下来落到杯子里 11 A 2018天津 C There sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat sbeginningtoeintofocus food Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint cook andservefoodsonamassscale Andtheindustryisn tstoppingthere FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter acookcanprintplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake Noteverybodycandothat ittakesyearsofexperience butaprintermakesiteasy ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito re createformsandpieces offoodthatare exactlythesame freeingcookstopleteothertasks Inanotherrestaurant allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D printed ratherthanfarmtotable 12 Sustainability 可持续性 Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9 6billionby2050 andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels Sustainabilityisbeinganecessity 3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids 水解胶体 fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae 藻类 andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients 烹饪原料 3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock food thatlastsyearsonend freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements 13 NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier HodLipson aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity said Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent likevitamins Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday sbreadfromthesupermarket you deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand 14 ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting theindustryhasmanychallengestoovere Currently mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste 糊状物 beforeaprintercanusethem andtheprintingprocessisquitetime consuming becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinveryplexways Ontopofthat mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh endrestaurants 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文 主要介绍一项新的3D食物打印技术 分别介绍食物打印的省时高效特点 所使用的原料的可持续性 提供顾客所需要的营养以及目前技术推广面临的挑战等 15 1 Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction A Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes B Itsavestimeandeffortincooking C Itimprovesthecookingconditions D Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations 答案 解析 16 2 Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3 A Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily B Itquickensthetransportationoffood C Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood D Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood 答案 解析 17 3 AccordingtoParagraph4 3D printedfood A ismoreavailabletoconsumersB canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsC ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials 答案 解析 18 4 Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely A Theprintingprocessisplicated B 3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive C Foodmaterialshavetobedry D Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting 答案 解析 19 5 Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage A 3DFoodPrinting DeliciousNewTechnologyB ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingC TheChallengesfor3DFoodProductionD 3DFoodPrinting FromFarmtoTable 答案 解析 20 B 2018山东济南二模 ManypeopletraveledtoLasVegas Nevadalastweekforthe50thConsumerElectronicsShow orCES Theshowissaidtohavethelargestcollectionofnewelectronicdevicesintheworld Theshowhadmanyexamplesof smarthome devices Smarthome technologyisdesignedtomakelifeeasierforpeoplebylettingputerscontrolmanythingsinsideourhomes Onesuchdeviceactuallybeginsworkingoutsidethehome whensomeonearrivesandringsthedoorbell 21 Whensomeoneestoyourfrontdoorandringsthedoorbell thelightcanturnonimmediately IgetanotificationwhenI mhalfwayaroundtheworldthatsomeonecame andIcanstarttalkingtothepersonwho satmyfrontdoor andIcansay Oh hereletmeletyouin Icanunlockthedoorforthemveryeasily saidVivint asmarthomeserviceprovider Oneelectronicsmakerlaunchedadevicethatletspeopleseeandinteractwiththeiranimalswhentheyareaway Thedevice fromPetcube letsyouremotelywatchandtalktoyourpetthroughapersonaldevice accordingtoapanyofficial Itcanevengivethepetatreat ifyouapproveandorderit 22 Forheatingorcooling thereisasmartthermostat Thisdevicecanalsosendyouamessageifabigstormcausesleaksorflooding We retryingtocatchitwithjustafewdripsbeforeitbeesareallybigproblem saidMikeSaleofiDevices Aconcernformanyhomeownersisthepossibilitythatsomeoneelsemightfindawaytoattackthesesmarthomedevices AnofficialfromVivintsaidhispanyissurethatonlyownersofthehomecangainuseofinformationonthedevices WarrenKatzfromiDevicessaidhispanyemploysengineersfromthedefenseindustrytohelppreventhacking 语篇解读 本文是一篇科技产品说明文 作者介绍了内华达州拉斯维加斯消费者电子产品展示会中智能家庭电子产品的特点 23 6 Whatcanbelearnedabouttheshow A Itcreatedmuchattractiontoconsumers B IthasbeenheldinLasVegasmanytimes C Itonlyexhibitedsmarthomedevices D Itisthelargestshoweverheld 答案 解析 24 7 What sthepurposeofParagraph3 A Toexplainhowtoanswerthedoor B Toillustrateasmarthomedevice C Totellastoryaboutnicedevices D Tointroduceahomeserviceprovider 答案 解析 25 8 Whatmayhappeninthefutureaccordingtothegivenexamples A Computersmayreplacehumanworkersoneday B Astrangercaneintoyourhouseevenifyou reout C Thehousecanrepairforitselfifastormcausesdamage D Youcantakegoodcareofyouranimalswhileyou reaway 答案 解析 26 9 Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesmarthomedevicefromthelastparagraph A Informationonthedevicesiseasytoget B Manyofthedevicesarenotavailablenow C Homeownersareconcernedaboutitsoperation D Itssafetycanbeguaranteedatpresent 答案 解析