LCD驱动原理

*,/44,:TF,Module,Team,10,.,03.12,LCD 驱动原理 基础,Rev 0.0,Contents,LCD,概要,1,LCD PANEL,2,LCD Module,3,别称,4,LCD Display,分类,Liquid Crystal Display,PM LCD,AM LCD,TN,STN,AFLCD,a-Si TFT,Poly-Si TFT,TFD,HTPS,LTPS,Twisted Nematic,Super Twisted Nematic,Antiferroelectric,Amorphous Si TFT,Thin Film Diode,High Temperature Poly Si TFT,Low Temperature Poly Si TFT,TFT:Thin Film Transistor,LCD,概要,QVGA:,320,RGB240,LCD,概要,Resolustion(区分率),#1,#2,#3,#320,.,.,#1,#2,#3,#240,竖线 :320 X 3(R/G/B),横线:240,PIXEL (区分率):320 X 240=76,800,Sub PIXEL (DOT),:320 X 3 X 240=230,400,Resolustion,种类,LCD,概要,分辨率,Pixel,画面比率,表现,缩写,176,x,144,76,032,4:3,QCIF,Quarter Common Intermediate Format,176,x,200,105,600,QCIF+,Quarter Common Intermediate Format+,320,x,240,230,400,4:3,QVGA,Quarter Video Graphics Array,352,x,288,304,128,4:3,CIF,Common Intermediate Format,480,x,272,391,680,16:9,WQVGA,Wide Quarter Video Graphics Array,360,x,640,691,200,16:9,nHD,Ninth HD,640,x,480,921,600,4:3,VGA,Video graphics Array,800,x,480,1,152,000,16:9,WVGA,Wide Video Graphic Array,480,x,864,1,244,160,16:9,WVGA,Wide Video Graphic Array,800,x,600,1,440,000,4:3,SVGA,Super Video Graphics Array,1024,x,768,2,359,296,4:3,XGA,Extended Graphics Array,1280,x,768,2,949,120,16:9,HD,High Definition,1366,x,768,3,147,264,16:9,HD,High Definition,1280,x,1024,3,932,160,5:4,SXGA,Super Extended Graphics Array,1600,x,1200,5,760,000,4:3,UXGA,Ultra Extended Graphics Array,1920,x,1080,6,220,800,16:9,Full HD,Full High Definition,1920,x,1200,6,912,000,16:10,WUXGA,Wide Ultra Extended Graphic Array,“液晶标识装置.利用随着认可电压液晶透视图的变化，各种装置中发生的多样电子信息变化，使变为开头信息传达的电子元件。无自身发光性,不用借光，但是消费电力小，便携式可以广泛使用的平板显示。.”,(Nvaver百科词典),液晶,Color Filter,TFT array,Back light,LCD,概要,Liquid Crystal Display,上 Pol,下 Pol,TFT PANEL,构造 I,LCD PANEL,Data,输出,Gate,输出,Gate,输出,IC,TFT PANEL,构造 II,LCD PANEL,上,Glass,-Common,电压,下,Glass,-Data,电压,(COG Source,输出,),-Gate,电压,(COG Gate,输出,),Spacer,Common Electrode(ITO),Gate Line,C/F,Data Bus Line,Pixel(RGB Sub pixel),Gate,Drain,Source,a-si,Gate Passivation(SiNx),TFT:Thin Film Transistor,LCD PANEL,Gate 电压输入时 TFT ON,TFT ON 时,电流从Source移动到 Drain,通过Source进入,Data 电压储存在 Storage Cap中维持电压,依据储存在Storage Cap的电压和上 Glass的 Common 电压电界现象,液晶回转,以此光亮调整,TFT PANEL,运作原理,LCD PANEL,TFT PANEL,运作原理,LCD PANEL,TFT PANEL,运作原理,区分,Storage on Common,构造,Storage on Gate,构造,正面,侧面,特征,-Aperture Ratio(,开口率)低,-Vcom和 Cs是 维持sync,-Storage能力显著,-透视率低,-Aperture Ratio(,开口率)高,-Vcom和 Cs是 维持sync,-Storage能力在状态上落后,-透视率高,Gate Line,Gate Line,Common Line,Pixel Electrode,Data line,Pixel Electrode,Gate Line,Gate Line,Data line,LCD PANEL,TFT PANEL,运作原理,区分,Storage on Common,构造,Storage on Gate,构造,等价回路,Gate Line,Data Line,Cs,C,LC,Pixel,电极,Common,电极,Cds,Cgs,Cgd,Gate Line,Data Line,Cs,C,LC,Pixel,电极,Common,电极,Cds,Cgs,Cgd,LCD PANEL,TFT PANEL,运作原理,为了,PNL PIXEL,驱动所需的电压,区分,内容,Gate,电压,为了能使,PIXEL,电压得到认可，打开,TFT,门的电压,Data,电压,通过液晶中认可的电压，,和,Common,电压形成电界的电压,Common,电压,通过,上,Glass,中认可的电压，和,Data,电压形成电界的电压,Common,电压,Gate,电压,Data,电压,Pixel(RGB Sub pixel),LCD PANEL,TFT PANEL 种类:依据液晶区分,-TN(Twisted Nematic),-STN(Super TN),-OCB(Optically Compensated Bend Mode),为了不变化，随着歪斜地起来状态的光学特征看的方向,从使用3角度的光学补偿到 3角度方向为折射率均等的方式.,-,VA(Vertical Alignment),在电压未得到认可的时候，液晶从基板到竖直的立着遮住光；电压得到认可的时候，液晶下降使光能通过。应用 VA方式制作的技术,Fujitsu(社)的 MVA 方式,IBM 的 PVA 方式,夏普的 ASV 方式.,-,IPS(In-Plane Switching),现在,LPL,使用的技术从HITACHI到开发的技术,S,S,IPS,S,VA,应答速度/视角 :TN 数据信号(418个),-电子协议(传送方式),-电源及 GND,驱动 IC,是驱动回路的核心要素.,由于使用半导体集成回路工程，,可构成小的大小的回路.,作用(相像体信号生成),-Panel驱动数据生成,-Panel驱动信号生成,-Panel驱动电压生成,外装部品(驱动IC用),-,为了驱动IC的运转的部品.,构成要素,-,电源安全化电容,-,电源电压生成电容,-,Panel,电压生成电容,Light Guide Plate,位于LC Panel 下层，以Panel,方向，起供给均匀的平面光,的作用,-LED /,Module DC Block,LCD Module,LED,(Light Guide Plate),EL_on,VLout1,V,BAT,VLout2,VLout3,(Charge Pump),V,CI(2.8V),Source,电压,LDI,VCOM,Analog,LDO,1.8V(Logic),VCOM,(Low drop voltage regulator),TFT LCD,Gate,电压,Gate,电压,IC Outer Configuration,LCD Module,Power,Gate,Data Output,Interface,Power,Input,IC BLOCK Diagram,LCD Module,POWER,OUTPUT,Interface,LCD Module,IC BLOCK Diagram,INTERFACE,LCD Module,CPU interface,-承受从CPU中消逝的Control Signal，把握 IC输入端的 Instruction/Data 方式,-在存储器中 writing 后传达为可读性的 Module信号,RGB interface,-Interface Signal是通过外部 Controller 在Module中传达为Direct的方式,-Data 信号是不功过 CPU 及 MPU的存储器，为了进来，要求高速信号处理的,录像表达,-假设使用这种方式的话，Partial display,Scroll Function,Interlaced driving等形式不行使用,CPU Interface,RGB Interface,HOST,Interface,Memory,Gate/Data,Driver,HOST,Interface,Gate/Data,Driver,2,3,=8 gray scales,Gray Scale Generation,V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6,V7,V8,T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,White,Black,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,D1,D2,D3,8 Gray-scale,L/C Voltage,Digital Data,(3-bit),111,110,101,100,011,010,001,000,IC,内部信号,COG Source,输出,LCD Module,彩色 表达(Bit 输入 准备),#of Color=2,n,(,R,),2,n,(,G,),2,n,(,B,),N:#of data bits of LDI,3 bit =8-gray/RGB=512 colors,4 bit =16-gray/RGB=4,096 colors,5 bit =2,5,(R)2,6,(G)2,5,(B)=65,536 colors,6 bit =64-gray/RGB=262,144 colors,8 bit =256-gray/RGB=,16,777,216 colors,LCD Module,Gray Scale With a Linear L/C Voltage,通过人眼看 display的时候，随着透视率生疏 gray level，,但是随着确定的电压 LEVEL下 透视率会消逝非线性，,在这种状况下，Gray Scale也会消逝非线性.就这样，为了随Gray Scale