过去分词作定语、表语.ppt

Grammar Pastparticiple I 过去分词作定语 1 单个过去分词作定语 通常前置 a 及物动词的过去分词 具有被动和完成的意义 abrokencupawoundedsoldieranunexpectedguesttheexcitedcrowd Acupwhichisbroken Asoldierwhowaswounded Aguestwhoisunexpected Thecrowdwhowereexcited c 有时 形容词 数词 名词ed 复合形容词 athree leggedtable aone eyedgeneral anhonest facedman agrownwomanaretiredofficer Awomanwhohasgrown Aofficerwhohasretired b 不及物动词的过去分词 具有主动和完成意义 2 过去分词短语作定语 通常后置 其作用相当于定语从句 aletterwritteninpencilthebookborrowedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyearThisobject discoveredalmostbyaccident haschangedmachine aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil thebookwhichwasborrowedbyJack themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear Thisobject whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyaccident haschangedmachine 过去分词与现在分词的区别 1语态不同 现在分词表示主动 及物动词的过去分词表示被动 不及物动词的过去分词只有 完成 含义 而不表示被动 aninspiringspeech theinspiredaudience 鼓舞人心的演说 受到鼓舞的观众 Thefallingleavesthefallenleaves 正往下落的叶子 落叶 已经落到地面的 2时间关系不同 现在分词作定语 动作正在进行 或 与谓语同时进行 或 经常性 过去分词作定语 动作 先于谓语表示的动作 或 没有一定的时间性 1 Doyouknowtheboy lie underthebigtree 2 Can tyouread Marysaidangrily point tothenotice 3Thewoman sell vegetableshasgone 4 Thewheatiswateredbywater bring fromapond 5 Heisaleader respect bythepeople 3及物动词的过去分词 done 被动 完成了的动作现在分词的被动式 beingdone 被动正在进行的动作 theproblemdiscussedyesterdayTheproblembeingdiscussed 4 过去分词 done 完成 和 被动 现在分词的完成被动式 havingbeendone 强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作 1 Heisateacher respect byall 2 tell tostayinBeijing theboydecidednottoreturntohisvillage II 过去分词做表语 1过去分词 短语 作表语时 其作用相当于adj 说明的是主语的状态 Allthewindowsarebroken Allhopeisgone Thisarticleiswellwritten Heappearedmoresatisfiedwithmywork 2过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别 1 现在分词作表语 表主语的性质或特征 另人 有主动的意思 如 exciting moving amusing astonishing frightening interesting relaxing shocking surprising terrifying tiringetc 2 过去分词作定语 表示主语的状态 感到 有被动的意思 如 excited moved amused astonished frightened interested relaxed satisfied surprised terrified tiredetc eg Theygotveryexcited 3 过去分词作表语 说明主语的特点及所处的状态 动词的被动语态 强调的是动作 Theglassisbroken Theglassisbrokenbymylittlebrother 过去分词常用于某些固定的词组中 beinterestedinsth doingsth beengagedinsth doingsth bepreparedtodosth be getusedtosth doingsth Exercises 1 Welivedinthehouse 我舅舅们修建的 2 Anymedicine 服用 withouttheadviceofadoctorcancausetrouble 3 Wespenttwohoursdiscussingtheplan 她制定的 4 开水 5 一个破碎的茶杯 6 three 受伤的士兵 builtbymyuncles taken madebyher boiledwater abrokencup woundedsoldiers Exercises 1 Mostofthepeople 被邀请参加宴会的 werefamousscientists 2 Lessons 易学的 aresoonforgotten 易学的 lessonsaresoonforgotten 3 Thecomputercenter 开办 lastweekispopularwiththestudents invitedtotheparty learnedeasily opened started Easily learned Exercises Don tusewords expressions orphrases onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge A beingknownB havingbeenknownC tobeknownD knownAswejoinedthebigcrowd Igot frommyfriendsA separatedB sparedC lostD missed3 Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget bythehour A payB payingC paidD topay4 TheOlympicGames in776B C didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912 A firstplayingB tobefirstplayedC firstplayedD tobefirstplaying D A C C 5 Theresearchissodesignedthatonce nothingcanbedonetochangeit A beB havingbegunC beginningD begun6 Thetelevisionisa machine A newly inventedB new inventedC newly inventD newly invention7 Englishisdifferentfrom Englishinmanyways A Spoken writtenB Speaking writtenC Spoken writingD Speak write D A A 8 Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe A 20dollarsremainedB 20dollarstoremainC remained20dollarsD remaining20dollars9 Pricesofdailygoods throughacomputercanbelowerthansomestoreprices A areboughtB boughtC beenboughtD buying10 Mr Smith ofthe speech startedtoreadanovel A tired boringB tiring boredC tired boredD tiring boring D B A Byebye