药学专业外语黄芪ppt课件

黄芪RadixAstragali EnglishName MilkvetchRoot 1 OriginsPlantMorphologyCollectionandPreparationProductionandCommerceDescriptionMicroscopicalCharactersChemicalConstituentsPhysicalandChemicalIdentificationPharmacologyActionIndication Maincontents 2 Huangqi 黄芪 isalsocalledhuangqi 黄耆 andwasfirstrecordedinShenNongBenCaoJingasasuperiorherb AccordingtoLiShizhen theChinesenamehuangqi 黄耆 consistsofhuang 黄 andqi 耆 huangmeaningyellow andqimeaning leader Itisoneofthemostimportanttonicherbs andthatiswhyitwasgiventhisname ItisthedriedrootofAstragalusmembranaceus Fisch Bge var mongholicus Bge HsiaoorAstragalusmembranaceus Fisch Bge familyLeguminosae Origins 3 Aperennialherb 40 80cmhigh Mainrootstout relativelylongandstraight Stemerect branchedattheupperpart Leavesodd pinnatelycompound alternate with12 18pairsofpinnae stipuleslanceolate PlantMorphology Astragalusmembranaceus Fisch Bge var mongholicus Bge Hsiao odd pinnatelycompound 奇数羽状复叶pinnae 小叶 由拉丁语转变而来 复数stipule 托叶lanceolate 披针形的 4 Flowersinaxillaryracemes calyxcampanulate 5 toothed corollayelloworyellowish 1 8 2cmlong standardoblong ovate wingsandkeelclawed stamens10 diadelphous ovarylongstalked Legume pod membranaceous inflatedtobesemi ovate 1 1 1 5cmindiameter glabrous FloweringseasonJun Jul fruitingseasonJul Sept racemes 总状花序calyx 花萼campanulate 钟状的corolla 花冠standard 旗瓣wing 翼瓣keel 龙骨瓣diadelphous 二体雄蕊stalked 柄 5 Cylindrical somebranched upperpartrelativelythick 30 90cmlong 1 3 5cmindiameter Externallypalebrownish yelloworpalebrown withirregular longitudinalwrinklesandmoretransverselenticel likeprotrusions corkeasilyexfoliated exposingyellowish whitecortex sometimesshowingreticulatedfibrebundles Description cylindrical 圆柱形cork 木栓层exfoliate 脱落cortex 皮部reticulate 网状的 phelloderm 6 Texturehardandtenacious uneasilybroken fracturehighlyfibrousandstarchy barkyellowish white woodpaleyellowwithradiatestriationsandfissures thecentrepartofoldrootoccasionallyrotten wood shaped blackish brownorhollowed Odour weak taste slightlysweetandslightlybean likeonchewing Description tenacious 粘性的striation 纹理fissure 裂隙 slight 7 Corkconsistingofmanyrowsofcells Phelloderm 3 5rowsofcollenchymatouscells Outerpartofphloemraysoftencurvedandfissured fibresinbundles wallsthickenedandlignifiedorslightlylignified arrangedalternatelywithsievetubegroups stonecellssometimesvisiblenearphelloderm Cambiuminaring Xylemvesselsscatteredsinglyor2 3aggregatedingroups woodfibresexistingamongvessels stonecellssinglyor2 4ingroups sometimesvisibleinrays Parenchymatouscellscontainingstarchgranules Transversesection phelloderm 栓内层collenchymatous 厚角组织lignified 木质化 8 Yellowish white Fibresinbundlesorscattered 8 30 mindiameter thick walled withlongitudinalfissuresonthesurface theprimarywallsoftenseparatedfromthesecondarywalls bothendsoftenbrokentobetassel like orslightlytruncated Borderedpittedvesselscolorlessororange borderedpitsarrangedclosely Stonecellsoccasionallyvisible rounded oblongorirregular slightlythick walled Powder primarywalls 初生壁tassel 穗borderedpittedvessels 具缘纹孔导管 9 1 Flavonoids formononetin 芒柄花黄素3 hydroxyformonontin calycosin 毛蕊异黄酮 ChemicalConstituents R1 HR5 OME R1 HR5 OMER4 OH 10 2 3 dihydroxy 7 4 dimethoxyisoflavone 3 二羟基 7 4 二甲氧基异黄烷3 hydroxy 9 10 dimethoxypterocarpane 3 羟基 9 10 二甲氧基紫檀烷 ChemicalConstituents 11 2 Saponins astragaloside 黄芪皂苷 soyasaponin 大豆皂苷 ChemicalConstituents 12 3 Sugars astragalan D glucose D fructose sucrose 多糖类 黄芪多糖 D 葡萄糖 D 果糖 蔗糖 4 Others sitosterol choline betaine palmiticacid linoleicacid linoleinicacid etc 谷甾醇 胆碱 甜菜碱 棕榈酸 亚油酸 亚麻酸等 ChemicalConstituents 13 PhysicalandchemicalIdentification理化鉴别 14 3gpowders Applythefiltratetoapreparedneutralaluminiumoxidecolumn methanol 20ml boil 1h elutewith100mlof40 methanol Evaporatetheeluateonawaterbathtodryness Dissolvetheresiduein30mlofwaterandextractwith2quantitiesof20mln butanolsaturatedwithwater Dissovletheresiduein0 5mlofmethanolasthetestsolution Combinethen butanolsolutionsandwashsolutionandevaporatethen butanolsolutiontodrynessonawaterbath 15 取本品粉末3克 加甲醇20毫升 置水浴上加热回流1小时 过滤 滤液加于已处理好的中性氧化铝柱上 100 120目 5克 柱内径10 15毫米 用100毫升40 甲醇洗脱 收集洗脱液 水浴蒸干 残渣加30毫升水溶解 用水饱和的正丁醇萃取两次 每次20毫升 合并正丁醇溶液 用水洗涤 正丁醇液蒸干 残渣加0 5毫升甲醇溶解作为供试品溶液 16 DissolveAstragalosideIVCRSinmethanoltoproduceasolutioncontaining1mgpermlasthereferencesolution 另取黄芪甲苷对照品 加甲醇制成每1毫升含1毫克的溶液 作为对照品溶液 17 Carryoutthemethodforthinlayerchromatography TLC Appendix6 3 usingsilicagelGasthecoatingsubstanceandchloroform methanol water 65 30 10 lowerlayer asthemobilephase Applyseparatelytotheplate dryitinair spraywith10 sulfuricacidinethanol andheatat105 for5minutes 18 参照薄层色谱法 附录6 3 试验 吸取上述两种溶液各2微升 分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上 以氯仿 甲醇 水 65 30 10 用下层溶液 为展开剂 展开 取出 晾干 喷以10 的硫酸乙醇溶液 并于105 加热5分钟显色 19 Abrownspotinthechromatogramobtainedwiththetestsolutioncorrespondsinpositionandcolortothespotinthechromatogramobtainedwiththereferencesolution Examineunderultra violetlight 365nm orange yellowfluorescentspotsareshowninbothchromatograms 20 供试品色谱中 在与对照品色谱相应的位置上 显相同的棕色斑点 置紫外灯 365nm 下检视 供试品色谱与对照品色谱在相同的位置上均显橙黄色荧光斑点 21 Pharmacology 1 Tonifyingeffects Continuousadministrationofthedecoctiontomiceforthreeweeksincreasetheirbodyweightandprolongsswimmingtime Theherbisconsideredaqitonic 滋补作用 黄芪为补气药 小鼠连续给予其煎出液三周 能增加体重和延长在水中游泳时间 22 2 Diureticeffect Inanimalstudies oralingestionorinjectionoftheextractinducesdiuresis 利尿作用 动物试验研究表明 口服或注射给予黄芪提取物均能引起尿量增多 23 3 Effectonnephritis Ithasbeenproveneffectiveagainstexperimentally inducednephritis especiallyintreatingproteuria Patientswithproteuriathataregiventheherbrecoverfasterthanthoseinthecontrolgroup 对肾炎的作用 黄芪被证明对实验性肾炎有效 尤其对蛋白尿效果较好 由肾炎引起蛋白尿的患者服用黄芪后恢复比对照组快得多 24 4 Cardiotoniceffect Theherbincreasescontractionofnormalhearts itscardiotoniceffectbeingevenmoredramaticinheartsexhaustedbyfatigueandpoison 强心作用 增强正常心脏的收缩功能 对于劳累或中毒所致心脏衰竭起效迅速 强心作用明显 25 5 Vasodilationeffect Itdilatesbloodvessels improvesbloodcirculationoftheskin andenhancesnutrition 舒张血管 扩张血管 改善皮肤血循环 并增加营养 26 6 Antibacterialeffect InvitrotheherbhasantibacterialactionuponShigelladysenteriae Streptococcushaemolyticus Diplococcuspneumonia andStaphylococcusaureus 抗菌作用 体外抗菌活性实验表明 黄芪对痢疾志贺菌 溶血性链球菌 肺炎双球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用 27 7 Hypotensiveeffect Inanimalstudies theherbhasbeenproventolowerbloodpressure probablythroughitsvasodilationaction 降压作用 动物实验研究表明 黄芪具降低血压的作用 可能与其舒张血管的作用有关 28 Action Toreinforceqiandstrengthenthesuperficialresistance andtopromotethedischargeofpusandthegrowthofnewtissue 补气固表 排脓生肌 29 Indications Deficiencyofqiwithlackofstrength prolapseofrectumduetochronicdiarrhea spontaneoussweating edema prolapseofuterus albuminuriainchronicnephritis diabetesmellitus abscessdifficulttoburstorheal 气虚乏力 久泻脱肛 自汗 浮肿 子宫脱垂 慢性肾炎引起的蛋白尿 糖尿病 疮口久不愈合 30