基于Windows 的三维实体模型设计系统毕业设计

毕业设计中英文翻译A Windows-native 3D plastic injection mold design system基于Windows 的三维实体模型设计系统 学生姓名： 学号： 学 院： 专 业： 指导教师： 2011年 6 月机械工程与自动化学院机械设计制造及其自动化外文文献原文A Windows-native 3D plastic injection mold design systemL.Kong, J.Y.H. Fu h, K.S.Lee, X.L. Liu, L.S. Ling, Y.F. Zhang A.Y.C.NeeAbstract：3D solid-modeling revolution has reached the design mainstream. While high-end 3D solid-modeling systems have been on engineers workstation at large aerospace, consumer products, and automobile companies for years, many smaller companies are now making the switch from workstations to PC. One reason for the shift is that the flexibility and advancement of Windows-native/NT has let software developers create applications that are affordable and easy to use. High-end users are finding that midrange solid modelers, such as SolidWorks, have met their needs. SolidWorks was chosen as the platform due to the Windows-native design environment, powerful assembly capabilities, ease-of-use, rapid learning curve, and affordable price. A Windows-native 3D plastic injection mold designs system has been implemented on an NT through interfacing Visual C+ codes with the commercial software, SolidWorks 99 and API. The system provides a designer with an interactive computer-aided design environment, which can both speed up the mold design process and facilitate standardization. 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Plastic injection mold; Windows; CAD; Parting1. IntroductionWith the broader use of plastics parts in a wide product range, from consumer products to machinery, cars and airplanes, the injection molding process has been recognized as an important manufacturing process. The mold design process is generally the critical path of a new product development.Conventionally, mold design has always been a much “mystified” art, requiring years of experience before one can be relatively proficient in it. Due to the initial difficulty in learning this art, less and less people are benefiting from the experience and knowledge of the experts in this field. To change the current situation, one way is to use a computer-aided design (CAD) system. CAD as an everyday term has grown to a broad range of capabilities and has applications in fields ranging from education for school teaching to three-dimensional mechanical design. At the present time, most CAD systems provide only the geometric modeling functions that facilitate the drafting operations of mold design, and do not provide mold designers with the necessary knowledge to design the molds. Thus, much “add-on” software, e.g. IMOLD, have been developed on high-level 3D modeling platforms tofacilitate the mold design processes. Such an arrangement is advantageous in many ways. The 3D modeling platform provides plug-in software with a library of functions as well as an established user interface and style of programming.As a result, the development time for these “add-ons” is significantly reduced. IMOLD (intelligent mold design) 1 is a knowledgebased software application, which runs on the Unigraphics SolidWorks platform and is carried out by using the User Function provided. It is available on the UNIX and windows operation system. For years, mold design engineers have had to deal with two different systems, UNIX and PC. The former is widely used in engineering applications whilst the latter is used mainly in small and medium companies. Engineers also need to run corporate office applications such as word processing, spreadsheets, and project management tools, but these were not on their UNIX workstations. Fortunately, the remarkable development of computer technology in the last decade has provided a way to change this situation. The most significant change has been in the area of computer hardware, i.e. the actual electronic components associated with data processing, information storage, and display technology, in terms of both speed and memory. These have resulted in the more efficient use of the solid-modeling functions in a PC-based CAD/CAM system. With the increased availability of sophisticated, low-cost software for Windows, more and more engineers are using PC applications to get their jobs done. Thus the development of a new mold design application based on the Windows platforms is in high demand. High-end users are finding that mid-range solid modelers, such as SolidWorks, have met their needs. Developed from the beginning as a native Windows application, SolidWorks is one of the 3D mechanical design softwares for Windows. Its unique combination of production-level power, ease-of-use, and affordability is unmatched. SolidWorks99, the seventh major release of the companys mechanical design software for Windows NT, Windows 98 and beyond provides an increased power and functionality in a fully integrated solid modeler. Familiar conventions such as point-and-click, drag-and-drop, cut-and-paste, and seamless data sharing with other Windows software lead to productivity gains. The ease-of-use without extensive training and at affordable pricing enables companies to install the system on every engineers desktop. One of its applications is for mold design in the plastics industry. This latest application technology has added an entirely new dimension to the mold design process.2. Injection mold designInjection molding uses temperature-dependent changes in material properties to obtain the final shapes of discrete parts to finish or near-finish dimensions through the use of molds. In this type of manufacturing process, liquid material is forced to fill and solidify inside the cavity of the mold2.Firstly, the creation of a mold model requires a design model and a containing box. The design model represents the finished product, whereas the containing box represents the overall volume of the mold components.Injection mold design involves extensive empirical knowledge (heuristic knowledge) about the structure and the functions of the components of the mold. The typical process of a new mold development can be organized into four major phases: product design, mold ability assessment, detailed part design, insert/cavity design, and detailed mold design. In Phase 0, a product concept is pulled together by a few people (usually a combination of marketing and engineering). The primary focus of Phase 0 is to analyze the market opportunity and strategic fit. In Phase I the typical process-related manufacturing information is then added to the design to produce a detailed geometry. The conceptual design is transformed into a manufacturability one by using appropriate manufacturing information. In Phase II the parting direction and parting lines location are added to inspect the mold ability. Otherwise, the part shape is again modified. In Phase III, the part geometry is used to establish the shape of the mold core and cavity that will be used to form the part. Generally shrinkage and expansions need to be considered so that the molding will be the correct size and shape at the processing temperature. Gates, runners, overflows, and vents also need to be added. The association between geometric data and parting information is critical at this point. Phase IV is related to the overall mechanical structure of the mold including the connection of the mold to the injection machine, a mechanisms for filling, cooling, and for ejection and mold assembly.3. MethodologyFor the reasons described above, SolidWorks 99 has been used as the platform for the new mold design application. Fig. 1 shows a Windows-native 3D injection mold design system compared with IMOLD. Users applications can be created and run as a standalone exe file or as a User DLL or Extension DLL in SolidWorks. The SolidWorks Add-In Manager allows users to control which third party software is loaded at any time during their SolidWorks session. More than one package can be loaded at once, and the settings will be maintained across SolidWorks sessions.3.1. SolidWorksSolidWorks recently emerged as one of the 3D product design software for Windows, providing one of the most powerful and intuitive mechanical design solution in its class. In SolidWorks, parts are created by building a “base feature,” and adding other features such as bosses, cuts, holes, fillets, or shells. The base feature may be an extrusion, revolution, swept profile, or loft. To create a base feature, sketch a two-dimensional geometric profile and move the profile through space to create a volume. Geometry can be sketched on construction planes or on planar surfaces of parts.Feature-based solid-modeling programs are making two-dimensional design techniques obsolete. However, Unix-based solid-modeling software are expensive. With the introduction of SolidWorks for Microsoft Windows, the cost is less than the price of earlier dimension driven solid-modeling programs 3.3.2. Parasolid as a 3D kernelSolidWorks uses Parasolid as a 3D kernel. Parasolid kernel modeling toolkit, is recognized as a worlds leading, production-proven core solid modeler. Designed as an exactboundary-representation solid modeler, Parasolid provides robust solid-modeling, generalized cellular modeling and integrated surface/sheet modeling capabilities and is designed for easy integration into CAD/CAM/CAE systems to give rapid time to market. Its extensive functionality is supplied as a library of routines with an object-oriented programming interface. It is essentially a solid modeler, which can be used to 4: (i) build and manipulate solid objects; (ii)calculate mass and moments of inertia, and perform interference detection; (iii) output the objects in various pictorial ways; (iv) store the objects in some sort of database or archive and retrieve them later; and (iv) support freeform surfaces.3.3. API 5The SolidWorks application programming interface (API) is an OLE programming interface to SolidWorks. The API contains hundreds of functions that can be called from Visual Basic, VBA (Excel, Access, etc.), C, C+, or SolidWorks macro files. These functions provide the programmer with direct access to SolidWorks functionality such as creating a line, extruding a boss, or verifying the parameters of a surface. SolidWorks exposes functionality through OLE automation using Dispatch and also through standard COM objects. The Dispatch interface 6 will package arguments and return values as Variants so that languages such as Basic can handle them. A COM implementation gives your application more direct access to the underlying objects, and subsequently, increased performance.4. ImplementationsThe facts that SolidWorks API interface uses an objectoriented approach and the APIFig. 3. System infrastructure for the mold design applicfunctions allows one to choose an object-oriented language, e.g. Visual C+, as the programming language. Using this methodology, a Windows-based 3D injection mold design application is developed on Windows NT through interfacing of the Visual C+ code with a commercial software, SolidWorks 99. In this application the mold design process is divided into several stages, providing the mold designer with a consistent method of creating the mold design. The overview of this framework is shown in Fig. 3. Each stage can be considered as an independent module of the program. Several modules have been successfully developed using SolidWorks. Two of them, mold base module and parting module are shown below.Fig. 4. Details of the mold base module.4.1. Mold base moduleThe mold base module can automatically create parametric standard mold bases, with all its components and accessories, like HASCO, DME, HOPPT, LKM and FUTABA. This module allows easy customization of mold bases commonly used by designers. Key features include availability of standard mold base components like support pillars and sprue bushings, 2-plate and 3-plate mold bases, and customization of non-standard mold bases.The mold base module consists of four main sections, namely, the component library (including standard and non-standard part library), the design table, the dimension driven functionality, and structure relation management. Here, the dimension driven functionality is provided by SolidWorks to support for the application. The details for the mold base module are shown in Fig. 4. (1) Component library.In order to strengthen the mold design capability in this increasingly competitive world, lowering the design cost and cycle time, reducing the man-power, and automation are major factors in achieving this purpose. In other words, it is necessary to have computer software that is able to easily create, modify, and analyze the mold design components, and update the changes in a design model. To achieve this, a 3D component library is provided to store standard and non-standard parts data, whose dimensions are stored in Microsoft Excel. By specifying the appropriate dimensions, these components can be generated and inserted into the assembly structure. This library is completely customizable and designers are able to add their own parts into the library.(2) Dimension drivenSolidWorks provides strong dimension driven functionality to support parametric design. It is the logical relationship between the dimension sets stored in Microsoft Excel and the geometry. When a set of dimension is integrated with the corresponding parameter set of the geometry of an object, the exact model can be then obtained.(3) Design tableA design table allows a designer to build multiple configurations of parts by specifying parameters in an embedded Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The design table is saved in the part file and is used to store the dimensions, the suppression of features and the configuration properties, including part number in a bill of materials, comments, and customer requirements. When appropriate dimensions are added, the designtable will contain all the information needed to create an accurate model of the assembly.(4) Structure relation managementThis section records the structure relations between mold base components. When supplied with certain parameter set from the design table, this sub-module helps the mold designer to insert these components into the assembly structure, thus a specific mold base assembly can be automatically generated.4.2. Parting moduleSome of the parting algorithms 710 have been reported previously. In this development, parting module is developed to handle the creation of cores and cavities. It is one of the most important modules in a computer-aided injection mold design system 11. The creation of a mold model needs to have a design model, a containing box, and parting surfaces available. The design model represents the finished product, whereas the containing box represents the overall volume of the mold components. In order to split the box into the core and cavity, the design model is first subtracted from the box. The parting surfaces are then used to separate the containing box into mold halves, often referred as the core and cavity. When melt plastics is injected into the cavity, the finished product is formed by the two opposing mold halves. After solidification, both mold halves move away from the part along the parting directions d and d,respectively.5. ConclusionsThis paper introduces the basic concept of plastics injection mold design and a methodology of CAD for injection mold. ThroughWindows NT platform, the methodology has been implemented on SolidWorks 99 and API. It was chosen as the platform for its Windows-native design environment, powerful assembly capabilities, ease-of-use, rapid learning curve, and affordable price. A CAD prototype for plastics injection mold design using Visual C+ has been developed and implemented on SolidWorks 99 and API through Windows NT platform. This prototype has been developed and tested on several modules, such as data prepare, filling design, mold base and parting design, good results have been obtained for mold design generation. The program provides designers with an interactive CAD procedure and Windows-native design environment, which can both speed up the mold design process and facilitate standardization which, in turn, increases the speed of mold manufacture. The program was written on an object-oriented programming language (Visual C+), which ensures further development and extension. This methodology is mainly addressed for plastics injection mold design process, but it could be applied to die-casting die design.Renfrence:1 IMOLD Version 3.0, Manusoft Plastic Pte Ltd., 1998.2 Y.S. Yueh, R.A. Miller, Systematic approach to support design for manufacturability in injection molding and die casting, in: Proceedings of the Computers in Engineering ASME Database Symposium, ASME, New York, USA, 1995, pp. 755765.3 SolidWorks 99 Users Guide, SolidWorks Corporation.4 Unigraphics Solutions Inc. Parasolid On-Line Documentation Web, Parasolid V10.1.123.5 SolidWorks 99 API Documentation, SolidWorks Corporation.6 J.J. Shah, H. Dedhia, V. Pherwani, S. Solkhan, Dynamic interfacing of applications to geometric modeling services via modeler neutral protocol, Comput. Aided Des. 29 (12) (1997) 811824.7 A.Y.C. Nee, M.W. Fu, J.Y.H. Fuh, K.S. Lee, Y.F. Zhang, Determination of optimal parting directions in plastic injection mold design, CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 46 (1) (1997) 4298 Z.-Y. Zhou, S.-M. Gao, Z.-C. Gu, J.-Y. Shi, Automatic determination of the parting line in injection mold design, J. Comput. Aided Des. Comput. Graphics 12 (7) (2000) 512516.9 M.W. Fu, J.Y.H. Fuh, A.Y.C. Nee, Core and cavity generation method in injection mould design, Int. J. Prod. Res. 39 (1) (2001) 121138.10 L. Kong, J.Y.H. Fuh, K.S. Lee, Auto-generation of patch surfaces for injection mould design, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. B 215 (1) (2001) 105110.11 C.K. Mok, K.S. Chin, J.K.L. Ho, An interactive knowledge-based CAD system for mould design in injection moulding processes, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 17 (1) (2001) 2738.外文文献译文：基于Windows 的三维实体模型设计系统 L. Kong,J.Y.H. Fu hui,K.S. Lee,X.L. Liu,L.S. Ling,Y.F. Zhang,A.Y.C. Nee摘要：3D立体建模已经成为设计主流。高阶层的 3D立体建模系统已经普遍应用在航空，消费品和汽车等行业长达数年之久，不过许多较小的公司现在正在制造从工作站到个人计算机的转辙器。 原因之一是由于先进的Windows 网络操作系统已经让软件显像剂产生可负担的和容易使用的应用程序。 高阶层的使用者正在发现像 SolidWorks 这样的一个适中范围实体造型软件,已经可以他们的需求。 SolidWorks 选用了 Windows 作为平台的设计环境，具有强大的装配能力,操作方便，便于学习 , 价格低廉。 三维实体模型设计系统已经能在网络上通过调用VC接口，SolidWorks 99 和API代码组。系统提供一个交互式计算机辅助设计环境, 不但能够加速设计，而且容易标准化 。 关键字: 实体造型; Windows; CAD; 区别1. 简介实体造型使用在一个广泛的生产范围中, 从消费品到机器，从汽车到飞机，实体造型过程已经被认为是一个重要的制造过程。实体造型过程通常是新的产品开发的要径。通常, 实体造型设计总是被认为是“神秘化的艺术”,要求需要数年的经验才能相对地精通。 由于初始技术学习上的困难，越来越少的人在这个领域中成为有经验的专家。 为了改变目前的状况，一种方法就是使用计算机辅助设计 (CAD) 系统。 CAD 作为一个专业术语已经在学术教学的教育及三维机械设计得到应用。目前，大多数的 CAD 系统只提供几何学的造型制图操作, 但是不提供三维实体造型。 因此, 很多的 “ 补丁 “ 软件, 例如IMOLD,已经在高阶层的 3D立体上被发展为实体造型设计程序。对于许多方式来说，如此布置是有利的。 当建立一个使用者的接口和方案研拟之时，三维实体造型平台提供一个函数的程序给插入软件。结果，发展时间对于这些 “ 补丁 “ 的重要性被减少。 IMOLD1 是一个可知的软件应用程序, 后续使用被提供的函数在 SolidWorks 平台上运行。 资讯科技被有效的使用在 UNIX操作系统和视窗操作系统上。 几年前, 实体造型工程师必须处理两个不同的系统， UNIX操作系统和PC操作系统。后者在小型公司中被普遍使用。 工程师也需要运行一些日常的应用程序，如文字处理，试算表和项目管理用工具工作，但是这些不在他们的UNIX操作系统工作站上。 幸运的是，计算机技术在最近十年的显著发展已经为改变这一形态提供了途径。 最显著的改变已经在计算机实体的面积中,也就是与数据处理，信息储备一起关联, 而且显示了工艺学在电子方面的结构,速率和存储器状态。 这些已经造成了以个人计算机为基础的 CAD/CAM凸轮系统的实体造型技术比较有效率地使用。对于越来越多工程师正在使用的个人计算机应用程序，藉由 Windows 增加有效的，尖端的, 低成本软件来完成。 一个新的以 Windows 平台为基础的实体造型设计应用程序正在广泛的需求之中。高阶层的使用者正在发现像 SolidWorks 这样的一个实体造型软件,已经符合他们的需要。 从一个内定的 Windows 应用程序的开始发展,SolidWorks 是作为 Windows 的3D立体机械的设计软件之一。 它的产量及动力的独特组合,以及它的普遍使用,使供不应求。 SolidWorks99, 第七代版本的机械设计软件为Windows NT ， Windows 98 等等提供了一个完全的实体造型功能。熟悉的操作性，以及与其他的 Windows 软件共享的插锁，拖放，切取与贴补和无缝的数据引导功能， 简洁不需要训练就可以操作而且价位适中，使公司能够安装在每个工程师的电脑上。 它的应用程序之一是实体造型的设计。 新近的工艺学应用程序已经把一个完整的尺寸加入了实体造型设计方法。2. 实体造型设计实体造型以温差的改变来获得不连续零配件的确定形状或者通过模型的使用来获得接近的尺寸。在制造这一型态的过程中，液态的材料被注入模型的空穴里而且使之凝固2.首先，实体模型需要一个设计模型和一个箱体。 设计模型表现制成品,然而含有箱表现试题结构的全部容量。实体造型设计包括广泛的关于模型设计的结构的经验和函数的知识 。 新的模型展开图的典型的设计方法能编入四个主要的时期: 产品设计，造模性评定,细节部份设计 , 插入空穴设计, 而且重点是模型设计。同相