2018-2019学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题(含解析) (IV).doc

2018-2019学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题(含解析) (IV)考试时间120分钟，满分150分。基础知识部分（每小题1分，共20分）1.Its obvious that getting these historic sites recognized by the world is helpful for preserving and repairing them，as it_ their extreme importance and value.A. associates B. symbolizesC. stresses D. abolishes【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：很显然，这些历史遗址得到世界的承认对保存和修理它们是有帮助的，因为它强调了它们的特别重要性和价值。associate联系；symbolize使成为象征；stress强调；abolish清除。故选C。2.The two organizations will arrange a oneyear seminar and_ it with a report on their indepth studies and research findings.A. conclude B. summarizeC. recognize D. infer【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. conclude得出结论；B. summarize概述；C. recognize认出；D. infer推断。句意：两个组织一个xx的研讨会，并就其深入研究和研究结果做出报告。根据句意可知此处表示“得出一个的结论”，故A项正确。3.The situation in the country is _， yet we are still concerned about its future.A. ing up B. drying upC. breaking up D. picking up【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个国家的局势有所好转，然而我们仍然担心它的未来。e up“上升”；dry up“干涸”；break up“打碎，分裂”；pick up “好转，恢复”。此处指状况好转，故选D.4.Ive visited a lot of different places and stayed in lots of different hotels, but none of them _ this one.A. makes B. beatsC. pares D. matches【答案】D【解析】试题分析：情景对话 句意为：我到过很多地方，住过很多旅馆。不过，没有一家旅馆可以与这家旅馆匹敌（这家旅馆最好）A. make;制造，做，获得等意 B. beat；跳动，将-打败。做将-打败意时，主语通常为人或由人构成的团队，如：our football team beat his yesterday C .pare;与-比较，把-比作。主动语态中，主语通常由人充当，I pare you as the summer flowerD .match;与-匹敌，与-较量。主语由物或人充当，如：no one can match him in English/none of the other hotels can match this one.据此，选D考点：对动词词义和动词用法进行考察点评：此题主要考察考生对动词词义和用法的掌握程度和熟练情况，作答此类题型，可用排除法，将明显错误的选项排除。当然，也可用代入法和替换法，讲them换成hotels，this one换成this hotel，再结合前句可推出答案5.Does he work hard at his lessons?Yes, he _ no effort, as far as I know.A. wastes B. sharesC. spares D. makes【答案】C【解析】选C考查动词辨析。句意：“他学习努力吗？”“是的，据我所知，他不遗余力地学习。”spare no effort (to do sth.)“不遗余力(做某事)”，是固定短语。6.One thing about child raising to be certain of _ that the longer the child is with its mother, the _.A. being, good B. being, betterC. is, good D. is, better【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查表语从句和固定结构。句意：关于孩子抚养，有一点是肯定的，那就是孩子和妈妈在一起的时间越长越好。珍惜句子结构可知，本句是一个表语从句，第一空缺少系动词，应该填is，第二个空是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越，越。”应该填better，故D项正确。【点睛】本题的难度在于第一个空，有的同学没有分清句子结构而认为应该用being作介词of的宾语，但通过分析句子结构可知，本句是一个表语从句，to be certain of修饰One thing about child raising，第一空缺少系动词。7.Youve made great progress in your studies of English, havent you?Yes, but much .A. remains to do B. is remained to doC. remains to be done D. is remained to be done【答案】C【解析】这题考查remain的用法，remain to be done“仍然要被做”，句意是：-你英语学习已经取得了很大进步，是吗？-是，但还有很多事还要被做。选C8.This photo of mine was taken _ stood the famous Eastern Bright Pearl in Shanghai.A. which B. in whichC. where D. there【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：这张照片是我在上海著名的东方明珠拍摄的。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个地点状语从句，表示“东方明珠坐落的地方”，应该用where来引导，故C项正确。【点睛】同学们可以通过分析句子结构利用排除法解答，which和 in which引导定语从句，本句中没有先行词，所以首先排除，如果用there的话，两个分句之间没有连词，也没有意义上的联系，用where来引导这个地点状语从句，表示“东方明珠坐落的地方”。9.The truth, Sir, is that the old man_ across the street when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walkingC. walked D. was walking【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定结构。句意：事实是那个老人正在过马路，突然我的车撞了他。be doing when表示“正在做某事突然”，故D项正确。10. Jenny looks hot and dry. So_ you if you had a high fever.A. will B. doC. are D. would【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：Jenny看起来又热又干。如果你发高烧的话，你也是这个样子。根据had判断此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，应该用would，故D项正确。11.The old woman had a letter from her son in the army_ to her.A. read B. writeC. written D. received【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查have sth done结构。句意：这个老太太请人读他在部队的儿子的来信。have sth done表示“请人完成某事”，此处的read为过去分词，故A项正确。12.-Mary has a very low opinion of George.-It can t be any worse than _ of her.A. he B. hisC. him D. he does【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：Mary对George的评价不高。但没有哪一种评价比George对Mary的评价更差。此处指的是George对Mary的评价，为his（opinion），故B项正确。13.After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in_ later proved a new continent.A. where B. whatC. which D. that【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查宾语从句。句意：经过几个月的航行，哥伦布到达了后来被认为是一个新大陆的地方。介词in后是一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中，where作地点状语；what作主语或宾语；which作定语；that引导名词性从句时没有意义。从句的proved前面缺少主语，用what引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语，故选B。考点：考查宾语从句14.As far as Im concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _.A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life【答案】B【解析】本句是the morethe more句型，第二个比较级修饰形容词equipped。15.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：你想象不出当他们收到这些好的圣诞礼物的时候他们是多么的高兴。Christmas presents圣诞礼物；when they received these nice Christmas presents.是时间状语从句。这里how引导的是感叹句，how +形容词+主语+谓语，excited是形容词，是被感叹的词，故选B。考点：考查感叹句的用法。16.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to makeC. not making D. do not make【答案】B【解析】考查不定式作表语。句意：新技术的目的是使生活更容易，不是使生活更难。根据语义后面的结构应与to make life easier结构一样，否定式应在to前面加not,故选B。17.He came to my class every week, but his attitude _ that he was not really interested.A. expressed B. describedC. explained D. suggested【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. expressed表达；B. described描述；C. explained解释；D. suggested表明。句意：他每周都来上我的课，但他的态度表明他并不是真的感兴趣。根据句意可知此处表示“表明”，故D项正确。18.Every year, a great many visitors e to visit the temple _ the 12th century, _ has brought a large ine.A. dating from; which B. dated from; whichC. which dates from; that D. which dated from; which【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查现在分词做定语和非限制性定语从句：第一空是定语，修饰the temple，因为date from“追溯到”这个词组只能用一般现在时和主动，所以要么用现在分词做定语，要么可以用定语从句which dates from，第二空是非限制性定语从句，不能用that引导，用which，句意：每年有很多游客来参观这个追溯到12世纪的庙，这已经带来很大收入了。选A。考点：考查分词做定语和非限制性定语从句点评：当分词做定语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与名词构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做定语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做定语。单独的一个分词做定语要放在名词的前面，分词短语做定语要放在分词的后面。在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，起前后都需要用逗号隔开。需要注意 which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。 在非限定性定语从句中，关系词不能用that。19.How many students do you think will be present at the meeting?I expect _ 20 students at the meeting.A. there being B. there to beC. there be D. there been【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查expect的用法和there be 句型。句意：你认为会有多少学生出席这个会议？我预计会有20个学生。expect to do表示“期待去做”，所以后面的there be 句型用不定式结构，故B项正确。20._other good students, the teacher thinks Hank is _ student.A. pared with; a most satisfied B. pared to; the most satisfiedC. paring to; the more satisfying D. pared with; a more satisfying【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语和形容词词义辨析。句意：与其他的好学生相比，老师认为Hank是一个更令人满意的学生。pare with表示“与相比”，pare to表示“把比作”，所以第一空用pared with；satisfied表示“感到满意的”，satisfying表示“令人满意的”，根据句意可知第二空表示“一个更令人满意的”，所以第二空用a more satisfying，故D项正确。阅读理解部分（共两节，每题2分，满分50分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。第一节（共25小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分）Wele to Pocono WhitewaterTheres something fun here at Pocono Whitewater for every level of adventurer! We have mild（柔和） to wild white & shy; water rafting (漂流), family trips, and bird & shy; watching boating. Choose one adventure now. Its up to you! We have trips available daily. Give us a call today!Dam Release White & shy; water RaftingExperience the best whitewater on the Lehigh River! Surrounded by forests and mountains, you will enjoy 12 miles and 5 hours of Class (等级) white & shy; water rafting and outstanding scenery. This is a fun and thrilling（激动人心的） trip that everyone over the age of 12 can make. While paddling (划桨行进) in the swift water, youll shout and laugh.Dam Release White & shy; water Rafting Rates: Individual (over the age of 12) : $61.00 Group ( at least 8 persons) : $31.00Rates Include: all necessary rafting equipment, life jackets, free parking, bus service to/from the river and professional river guides.Family Style White & shy; water RaftingBring along the whole family this summer and enjoy 8 miles and 5 hours of Class I white ­ water rafting. Mild water of the Lehigh River is simply perfect for beginners, school groups, and kids aged 4 and older. This is just perfect for enjoying the passing scenery, kicking your feet over the edge of the raft, or taking a swim in the river!One of the most unique things about this trip is a free riverside barbeque (烧烤)! Our workers will cook and serve you a picnic lunch hotdogs, potato salad, fruit, etc. The classic family picnic!Family Style White & shy; water Rafting Rates: Adult: $39.00 Child (aged 414) : $33.00 Group (at least 8 persons) : $30.00Rates Include: all necessary rafting equipment, life jackets, free parking, bus service to/from the river, and a barbeque lunch, river guides not included.21. We can infer that _.A. the higher the class is, the milder the water isB. the lower the class is, the milder the water isC. the higher the class is, the safer the rafting isD. the lower the class is, the faster the rafting is22. If 10 college students are to participate in the Dam Release White & shy; water Rafting, how much money will be paid in total?A. $610. B. $330.C. $390. D. $310.23. Family Style White-water Rafting is unique in that _.A. it allows people to swim in the river B. the river water is very cleanC. it provides a barbeque lunch for free D. it offers a free birdwatching activity【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Pocono Whitewater提供的漂流等夏日休闲活动及其票价信息。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据Family Style White & shy; water Rafting中的“Bring along the whole family this summer and enjoy 8 miles and 5 hours of Class I white ­ water rafting. Mild water of the Lehigh River is simply perfect for beginners”可知，等级I的水流适合初学者，由此推知，等级越低，水流越柔和，故B项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Dam Release White & shy; water Rafting 中的“Group ( at least 8 persons) : $31.00”可知，8人以上的团体票价为每人31美元，10人共需要花310美元，故D项正确。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Family Style White & shy; water Rafting中的“One of the most unique things about this trip is a free riverside barbeque! ”可知，家庭风格的漂流的特别之处是有一个免费的午餐烧烤，故C项正确。BPeople always think men are more skilled than women in driving. Nowadays women appear to have a positive image of themselves as safer drivers than men.In a survey done by insurer MetLife, 51% of women said they drive more safely. The evidence is on their side: Men are 3.4 times more likely than women to get a ticket for careless driving and 3.1 times as likely to be punished for drunk driving. “Women are on average less aggressive and more law abiding(手法的) drivers, which leads to fewer accidents,” the report says. However, not all male drivers share the same opinion. Of the men surveyed by MetLife, 39% claimed male drivers were safer. The findings did back them up on one point: automotive knowledge. The report showed that more men are familiar with current safety equipment such as electronic stability control, which helps prevent rollover accidents.Auto safety unavoidably matters to money. Insurance panies focus on what classes of drivers have the lowest dollar amounts of claims, and for now, that mainly includes women. In general, women pay about 9% less for auto insurance than men. A study by the website Insweb also showed that auto insurance rates are lower for women in most states. Among individual states, women get the greatest advantage in Wyoming(where they pay 20% less), South Dakota and Washington, D.C., where their insurance costs are 16% lower.“More than 11,9000 male drivers died in U.S. traffic accident in xx, pared with just under 4,900 women drivers,” according to the study. “Based on miles traveled, men died at a rate of 2.5 deaths per 100 million miles traveled, vs. 1.7 deaths for women.”24. According to the study, male drivers _.A. are less aggressive while drivingB. are more skilled at auto knowledgeC. are more likely to stick to driving lawsD. are less familiar with safety equipment25. Insurance panies focus on female driver clients(客户) probably because they _.A. cause more accidents on the road but ask for littleB. cause little damage and pay more money to the insurance paniesC. are more careful drivers and cause less damageD. make up the most part of the insurance clients26. We can infer from the passage that _.A. men are 3.1 times more likely to get tickets than womenB. all women in the USA pay the same for their auto insuranceC. more female drivers die every year than male driversD. women are generally safer drivers than the opposite sex27. The writer mainly develops paragraphs by _.A. giving examples B. making parisonsC. drawing a conclusion D. presenting an argument【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了通过问卷调查的方式比较男性和女性谁开车更安全，结果发现女性司机比男性司机开车更安全，事故更少。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The findings did back them up on one point: automotive knowledge”可知，调查发现男性司机的汽车知识更好，故B项正确。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Insurance panies focus on what classes of drivers have the lowest dollar amounts of claims, and for now, that mainly includes women. In general, women pay about 9% less for auto insurance than men.”可知，女性司机比男性司机付的汽车保险费用更低，再结合最后一段的事故数据可推知，保险公司专注于女性司机是因为她们比男性司机更谨慎，车损更少，故C项正确。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段的事故数据可知，女性司机比男性司机开车更安全，事故更少，故D项正确。【27题详解】写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章每段都对男性司机和女性司机作比较的角度来看，例如女性司机比男性司机付的汽车保险费用更低，事故更少，所以文章是通过作比较展开的，故B项正确。CModern day robots may not be as entertaining as R2D2 or the robot from Lost in Space, but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.Robots make great explorers on planets, moons, and other landing areas. Aside from the earth, just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore. The air on most other planets is insufficient fortunate for humans to explore. The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe, making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment. The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand. Plus there would be plications with radiation, weather, and a lack of gravity. Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.Robots are designed for collecting scientific data. Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently. Important scientific projects from detecting minerals, analyzing ground samples, to finding water are all performed much quicker and accurately by robots.The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work. In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans, but also enough | food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip. Moreover, robots have no problems working for hours on end. Robots never plain, they dont require food or water, and they never need a bathroom break.Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space. Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars. They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars history.28. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. The Development of Robots B. The Discovery of Space ExplorationC. No Robots, No Space Exploration D. Robots Are Used in Space Exploration29. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.B. It is dangerous for. humans to explore other surfaces in the solar system except the earth.C. Both Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water on Mars.D. Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.30. The underlined word “withstand” in paragraph 2 most probably means “_”A. remain B. bearC. defeat D. develop31. What is the writers attitude in this passage?A. Negative. B. Persuasive.C. Subjective. D. Objective.【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了机器人对太空探索非常重要，机器人正用于太空探索。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.”可知，本文主要介绍了机器人正用于太空探索，故D项正确。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.”可知，用机器人进行太空探索比人类从事这项工作花费更少，故A项正确。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to”可知，温度太高或太低，人类无法忍受，由此可知画线词词义为“忍受”，故B项正确。【31题详解】观点态度题。纵观全文可知，作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的应用，并没有带任何感情色彩，故D项正确。【点睛】科普说明文的词义猜测题难度较大，对画线词所在句的理解是关键，要紧紧抓住画线词前后的词语，例如本篇第3题，根据画线词前的“too hot or much too cold”可知，当温度太高或太低时，人类无法忍受，由此可知画线词词义为“忍受”。DHow could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments -mostly for entertainment purposes - is fair and respectful? Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats.Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes. Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species name, diet, and natural range.The animals normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos dont usually take care of the animals natural needs. The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is mon among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Havent we seen enough petitions to name baby animals?Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.32. How would the author describe the animals life in zoos?A. Dangerous. B. Unhappy.C. Natural. D. Easy.33. In the state of zoochosis, animals _.A. remain in cages B. behave strangelyC. attack other animals D. enjoy moving around34. What does the author try to argue in the passage?A. Zoos are not worth the public support.B. Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.C. Zoos should treat animals as human beings.D. Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.35. The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _.A. pointing out the faults in what zoos doB. using evidence he has collected at zoosC. questioning the way animals are protectedD. discussing the advantages of natural habitats【答案】32. B 33. B 34. A 35. A【解析】试题分析：本文讲述的是人类对于动物的圈养问题，给动物带来了很多的伤害。建议我们