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第三讲如何写议论文的主体一、题型特点议论性读写任务型作文指的是根据阅读材料所描述的某一事件、现象、观点或话题发表个人观点、意见和建议的一类读写任务，其实质就是要求考生根据题目要求写议论文。二、写作技巧英语议论文有其独特的框架结构，能让读者迅速捕捉作者的观点和思路，值得考生模仿。写作时应注意以下几点。1.运用过渡语进行衔接过渡过渡/引出话题There is no doubt that.It can not be denied that.No one can ignore the fact that.From what is mentioned above, we know.提出观点From my point of view.As far as I am concerned.I hold the view/belief that.Personally, I believe that.表达立场Actually, I am in favour of the idea that.In some way, I am against the thought that.2.采用多种论证方式进行分析议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，如通过对比观点、阐述原因、列举例子等，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。议论中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件或为议论作补充；叙述和描写应是为论点提供依据，因此，叙述应该是概括的，描写应该是简要的。常用的句式有：总述原因There are several reasons that contribute to.My views are based on the following reasons.分层论述To begin with/First of all.Besides/Furthermore/.Finally/Last but not least.On the one hand.On the other hand.For one thing.For another.列举例子Take.for example.For example/instance.引出经历It reminds me of the time when. What impresses me most is that.分析因果Thanks to/Owing to/Because of.Consequently/Therefore/Thus/As a result.讨论后果Just imagine what would be like if there were no.3.结尾总结升华，重申观点在文中或文末，考生可以用不同的语言重申主题或提出解决问题的建议，从而使文章结构严谨、主题鲜明。常用的句式有：(1)To sum up/In short/In conclusion/On the whole/All in all.(2)Taking all the factors into account, we can draw a conclusion that.(3)From the discussion above, it can be safely concluded that.(4)Therefore, it is necessary for us to.(5)To be brief, we should be aware of the importance of.(6)Only when we/Only by., can we.【典例示范】 请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。(2016江苏卷)In recent years，internet voting has bee increasing popular in China.People not only cast on-line votes themselves，but also urge others to vote for petitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”.Li Jiang，a high school student，is invited to vote in the “Best Police Officer” petition，organized by the local government to let the public have a better understanding of police officers daily work.Li Jiang visits the website and reads all the stories.He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds.He is already thinking of being a policeman himself in the future.Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the “Future Singer” petition.He has already received three similar invitations this week.His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the petition，the family will win an overseas tour for free.Su Hua likes his cousin very much，but he finds other singers perform even better.To vote，or not to vote? This is a question that troubles him very much.写作内容1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；2.用约120个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用23个理由或论据支撑你的看法。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文Online voting bees increasingly popular, and many petitions get people involved in it. It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.In my opinion, online voting is an inseparable part of modern life and should be weled, since it is no more than a way to participate in public life. It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports. In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless of time and space.Furthermore，voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.To be honest，voters sometimes feel annoyed，not because they hate voting，but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey.Therefore，I hold a positive attitude towards online voting.能力提升练1请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。(2018江苏镇江高三调研)The 18-year-old girl from Linyi, Shandong province scored 568 points on her college entrance exam this year and was admitted to Nanjing University of Posts and Telemunications.On Aug 19, Xu received a phone call from an unknown person telling her that she was due to receive student funding. Following the call, Xu transferred a 9，900-yuan “activation fee” into the mans bank account, hoping the money would appear in her student account, but it never did.After discovering they had been cheated, the family immediately reported the incident to the police, but Xu was said to be frustrated. On their way home, she suddenly fainted and despite doctors best efforts to rescue her, she passed away.The death of Xu yuyu immediately caused an outcry over the society, and once again, it fired a public anger towards those who mit heartless fraud(欺诈).So how was Xus private information leaked out?Reporters have discovered that there are many people who openly sell the examinees information online. The information includes the examinees name, school, phone number, and address. The personal information of examinee has bee the target of the online fraud industry.写作内容1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；2.用约120个词就“Personal information leakage”谈谈你的看法和感受，内容包括：(1)简述个人信息泄露的危害及保护个人信息的重要性；(2)就如何保护个人信息提几点建议(至少两点)。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文A girl from Shandong, who would soon begin her university life, was cheated out of 9，900 yuan due to personal information leakage. The heavy blow claimed her life, which aroused anger in society.The leakage of personal information is of great harm. Not only will people be frequently troubled by unwanted short messages or calls, but also people may be cheated out of money or be put in danger. Thus, the protection of personal information is of vital importance in order for mon people to maintain a peaceful and safe life, as well as to protect ones own fortune.Here are the tips on how to protect ones personal information. Never click any link on phones or puters unless it can be utterly trusted. Also, avoid connecting smart phones to any untrusted WiFi in public places. Apart from the efforts of mon people, the government must spare no effort to fight against criminals selling others personal information.能力提升练2请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。(2018江苏海安高级中学期中考试)Florence Chadwick was born in California in 1918. She grew up on the beach and began peting as a swimmer at the age of six, when her uncle entered her in a race. For the next 19 years, she continued as a petitive swimmer. On July 4, 1952, at the age of 34, Chadwick attempted to bee the first woman to swim 21 miles across the Catalina Channel, from a port on the California coast. That day the ocean was ice cold, the fog was so thick that she could hardly see the support boats that followed her, and sharks swam around her. Several times, her support crew used guns to drive away the sharks. While Americans watched on televisions, her mother and her trainer, who were in one of the support boats, encouraged her to keep going. However, after 15 hours and 55 minutes, with only a half mile to go, she felt that she couldnt go on, and begged to be taken out of the water.Later, Chadwick told a reporter, “Look, Im not excusing myself, but if I had seen land I know, I could have made it.” The fog had made her unable to see her swimming goal, and it made her feel she was getting nowhere. Two months later, she tried again. Although the fog was still heavy, yet this time she made it with the goal rooted in her mind. She knew behind the fog was the land she pursued. 写作内容以约120个词就“Goal and Success”的主题谈谈你的看法，内容包括：(1)分析Chadwick第一次失败和第二次成功的原因；(2)Chadwick的故事对你有什么启发；(3)结合实际谈谈如何实现自己的目标。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文Goal and SuccessAn American woman swimmer Chadwick succeeded in crossing the Catalina Channel after failing in her first attempt. It was a goal in her mind that enabled her to make it. Chadwick failed in her first attempt because she couldnt see the “land (goal)” due to the “fog (difficulty)”. But later, she succeeded because she had “the goal rooted in her mind” despite the heavy “fog”. From the story, we know we should understand the relation between the goal and the difficulty.The goal can encourage us to work hard to achieve success while the difficulty may prevent us from reaching our goal. However, we can achieve our goal by overing any possible difficulties. As students, we may meet with many difficulties in our study, but we can surely overe them if we have a clear goal. I wish all of us could break through the “fog” to reach the beautiful “land”.
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