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必修4Unit 3 A taste of English humour一、阅读理解If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life，new research may e as a shock. According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉).Over time，this can cause serious injuries.Peter Schnohr，a researcher in Copenhagen，said，“If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy，jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anything more is not just unnecessary，and it may be harmful.”The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi，yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than “iron man” events，triathlons and long-distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott，another researcher involved in the study，“You dont actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldnt actually do too much”.1.The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph l is closest in meaning to“_”.A. hardB. regularC. practicalD. flexible2.The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to _.A. suggest giving up joggingB. show risks of doing sportsC. provide supportive evidenceD. introduce the research process3.According to the scientists，why is too much exercise harmful？A. It may injure the heart and arteries.B. It can make the body tired out.C. It will bring much pressure.D. It consumes too much energy.4.What can be inferred from the text?A. No exercise at all is the best choice.B. More exercise means a healthier life.C. Marathons runners are least likely to die.D. Proper exercise contributes to good health.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对身体有益。1.A 【解析】考查词义推测。hard耗费体力的；regular有规律的；practical实际的；flexible灵活的。由第一段最后一句“According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.”可知，一点不做运动的人和非常艰苦锻炼的人都极有可能死，故应选A。3.A 【解析】考查细节理解。由第二段倒数第二句“The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉).”可知，做过多的运动有害是因为它可能伤害心脏和动脉，故应选A。4.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对身体有益，故应选D。二、完形填空When I was young, like you, I had a dream. But my dream wasnt like that of an _1_ kid. It was to be the best tennis player _2_ simply the best “female” one in the world. _3_， I had a family encouraging me to follow my dream. I learned how important it is to _4_ a dream and to dream big. My fight began when I was three and I havent taken a _5_ since. But too often, most women are not supported or are _6_ from choosing their path. I hope it could be changed. For me, it was a _7_ of resilience (坚忍). What others marked as _8_ about me my race, my genderI accepted as fuel for my success. I never let anything or anyone _9_ me. I controlled my future. When it es to equal pay, it frustrates me _10_ I know firsthand that gender differences exist. I would _11_ want my daughter to be paid less than my son for the same work. Women have to _12_ many barriers to success. One is that we are constantly _13_ we are not men. People call me one of the “worlds greatest female athletes”. Why dont they say LeBron is one of the worlds best male athletes? We should never let this go _14_. We should be judged by our achievements but not _15_. For everything I have achieved, I am _16_ to have experienced the highs and lows that e _17_ success. I hope my story will be a(n) _18_ for women to fight for their dreams. We must _19_ to dream big, and in doing so, we enable the next generation of women to be _20_ in their pursuit.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己的事为例呼吁全体女性勇敢追求成功，为争取性别平等而不懈努力。1A.ambitious Bexcellent Caverage Denergetic答案与解析：C根据第一段第三句“It was to be the best tennis player”以及倒数第二段“People call me. Why dont they say LeBron is one of the worlds best male athletes？”可知，此处指作者说自己小时候的理想与普通孩子的是不同的，故选average“普通的，一般的”。ambitious“有野心的，有雄心的”； excellent“优秀的”； energetic“精力充沛的”。2A.instead of Bregardless of Cother than Dmore than答案与解析：A结合本文主旨以及倒数第二段中的“People call me one of the worlds greatest female athletes. Why dont they say LeBron is one of the worlds best male athletes？”可知，作者希望男女平等，所以作者在此强调的是自己的理想是做世界上最好的网球运动员，而不是最好的女网球运动员。instead of“而不是”；regardless of“不管，不顾”；other than“除了”；more than“多于，超出”。3A.Hopefully BFortunately CObviously DGenerally答案与解析：B幸运的是(Fortunately)，作者有鼓励她追寻自己的梦想的家人。此处亦与第三段中的“But too often，most women are not supported.”形成对比。hopefully“有希望地”；obviously“明显地”；generally“普遍地”。4A.make up Bset up Ccare for Dpush for答案与解析：D根据下文中的“My fight began when.”“fight for their dreams”可知，这里指作者知道了为梦想而努力是多么重要。push for“为而努力，力争”。make up“编造，构成”；set up“设立，建立”； care for“照顾”。5A.risk Bleave Cbreak Dchance答案与解析：C作者从三岁时就开始为理想奋斗，自此一直从未间断。break“暂停，中断”，符合语境。6A.defended Bexcused Cdiscouraged Ddismissed答案与解析：C但是通常，大多数女性不被支持，或者被阻止去选择自己的道路。discourage“阻止，阻挠”，符合语境。defend“保卫，保护”；excuse“同意免除”；dismiss“去除，摒除”。7A.thought Bquestion Cmoment Dbonus答案与解析：B作者希望这种境况可以改变，在作者看来，这是有关“坚忍”的问题(question)。thought“想法”；moment“时刻”；bonus“意外收获，奖金”。8A.disadvantages Bconcerns Cqualifications Dpersonalities答案与解析：A根据下文中的“my race, my gender”“I accepted as fuel for my success”可知，此处指被别人列为作者的劣势(disadvantages)的东西，比如她的种族，她的性别，作者将它们视为追求成功的动力。concern“担忧”；qualification“资格”；personality“个性”。9A.ignore BattackCfort Dlimit答案与解析：D根据下文中的“I controlled my future.”可知，作者从不让任何事或任何人来限制自己，而是自己主宰自己的未来。limit“限制”，符合语境。10A.although Bbecause Cunless Dif答案与解析：B当谈起同工同酬问题时，作者感到懊恼，因为她自己亲身体验到性别差异的存在。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是因果关系，且前面是果，后面是因。故用because。11A.ever Beven Cnever Djust答案与解析：C根据语境可知，作者永远不希望看到干了同样的工作，女儿得到的报酬却比儿子的少。never“从不，绝不”。12A.break down Btake after Clay aside Dput away答案与解析：A为了获取成功，女性不得不打破许多障碍。break down“打破，消除”，符合语境。take after“追赶，跟踪”；lay aside“留存备用，把放在一边”；put away“猛吃，积蓄，把收起来”。13A.informed Breminded Cassured Dcriticized答案与解析：B其中一个障碍就是总有人提醒我们不是男性。remind“提醒，使想起”，符合语境。inform“通知，告知”；assure“使确信”；criticize“批判”。14A.unchallenged BunpunishedCunpleted Duncontrolled答案与解析：A根据语境可知，作者在此想表达的是女性不能对此置之不理，而要敢于质疑。unchallenged“不被怀疑的，完全接受的，没有异议的”，符合语境。unpunished“未受惩罚的”；unpleted“未完成的”；uncontrolled“未受控制的，不加约束的”。15A.appearance Bposition Cbackground Dgender答案与解析：D对我们的评价应该依据我们的成就而不是我们的性别。gender“性别”，符合语境。appearance“外貌”；position“职位”；background“出身背景，学历”。16A.superior Bgrateful Cindifferent Dpreferable答案与解析：B作者从心底里感谢已经经历过的伴随成功而来的起起伏伏。grateful“感激的，表示感谢的”，符合语境。superior“更好的，占优势”；indifferent“不感兴趣，漠不关心”；preferable“更可取的，更合适的”。17A.with Bthrough Cfrom Dbeyond答案与解析：A参见上题解析。with“和，随着”，符合语境。18A.intention Binspiration Csolution Dexpectation答案与解析：B作者希望她的故事可以激励女性为她们的梦想而奋斗。inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)，使人产生动机的人(或事物)”，符合语境。intention“意图”；solution“解决方法”；expectation“期待”。19A.pause Bagree Cpromise Dcontinue答案与解析：D女性必须继续心怀远大的理想，这样做的话，我们就给予下一代女性力量，给予她们追求成功的勇气。下文中的“the next generation”是暗示。continue“继续”，符合语境。20A.expert Benthusiastic Cbrave Dlearned答案与解析：C参见上题解析。expert“内行的，经验丰富的”；enthusiastic“热情的”；brave“勇敢的”；learned“有学问的，博学的”。三、七选五A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 1. But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 2 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 3 .However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them es from our earliest years. Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. 4 how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 5 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have【语篇解读】本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建设花园的具体建议。1.F 【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据文章首句及下文的But it doesnt happen by accident可知，这里是在讲你是否曾去过一个花园但是它不是偶然发生的。故F项You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too符合语境。3.E 【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的Some people may think.和Others are concerned about.可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而E项中的Still others may simply enjoy.与上下文衔接自然，故选E项。4.C 【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的.but thats not whats important和下文中的how being in those gardens made us feel可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的，故C项符合语境。5.G 【解析】考查上下文的衔接。上文的the gardens of your youth以及下文的your childhood memories与G项中的those gardens和the strongest memory you have相呼应，故选G项。四、短文语法填空With the development of modern society and high technology, children wear more and more beautiful and fashionable clothes. More children 1 (allow) to choose their favorite clothes, which is 2 relatively new trend. Many years ago, children had to suffer the whims(突发奇想)of adults as far as clothes were concerned. Like 3 (adult) clothes, childrens clothes followed fashions as well. About 120 years 4 , boys in Europe and America wore white ankle-length dresses, just like their sisters, until they 5 (reach) the age of five. Older boys from wealthy 6 (family) were then dressed in pretty velvet(丝绒) suits 7 lace collars. Their hair was grown to shoulder length 8 longer. For many unlucky boys, these carefully planned and organized costumes were nor reserved for special occasions; they had to wear the same 9 (restrict)and unfortable outfits for everyday play. Clean and proper clothes say that the person has both self-respect and respect for other people. Clothing can tell quite a lot about the person, sometimes more than we would like to reveal. So we should pay more attention to 10 (wear) proper clothes in different occasions. 【文章大意】文章讲述了在西方，孩子们服装的发展，同时说明了着装的注意事项。1.are allowed【解析】考查时态和语态。文章讲述的是现在的情况，所以用一般现在时；句子的主语More children与allow构成被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are allowed。2.a【解析】考查冠词。此处指“一种比较新的趋势”，relatively是辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。3.adults【解析】考查名词。句意：如同成年人的衣服，孩子们的服装也紧跟时尚。此处用名词作定语。故填adults。4.ago【解析】考查副词。“time+ago”指“多长时间之前”。故填ago。5.reached【解析】考查时态。根据时间状语“About 120 years ago”可知，谓语用一般过去时态。故填reached。6.families【解析】考查名词。此处指“来自富有家庭的大一点的男孩子”，根据事实逻辑，应该用复数。故填families。7.with8.or【解析】考查连词。此处指“他们的头发到达肩部或者更长一些”。故填or。9.restrictive【解析】考查形容词。与unfortable相并列，此处用形容词来修饰名词outfits。故填restrictive。10.wearing【解析】考查非谓语。短语pay attention to中，to是介词，后面跟名词或动名词。故填wearing。
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