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必修5Unit 1Great scientists一、阅读理解AThe story of Sir Nicholas Winton is the one that you would imagine could only happen on the silver screen. Sir Nicholas Winton was a British man who went to heroic efforts, potentially putting himself at risk, during World War II. Sir Winton was responsible for ensuring the safety of six hundred and sixty-nine Jewish children by aiding their escape from countries occupied by Nazis. Finally, the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.Recently, this unbelievable story has again been making the rounds on the Internet, particularly after a rerun of the BBC show called “Thats Life”, which featured Sir Winton. People around the world were moved at the details of the story, with saying it to be the best story theyve ever seen.Sir Winton kept his entire plan pletely secret, even his wife had no idea about his planning until fifty years later. After the war, years passed and many people remained in the dark about Sir Wintons extraordinary achievement. Some fifty years later, his wife Greta was searching in their house and discovered a Wintons notebook which documented the names of all the children. She worked with BBC and they produced a TV episode (插曲) of their program “Thats Life” that served as an honor for Sir Wintons work.In 2003, Sir Winton was knighted by the Queen of England for his work. He also was even nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize. He also had a small planet named after him by Czech astronomers. Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at the old age of one hundred and six, in 2015. Leaders around the world paid tribute (悼念). Israels ambassador to the United Kingdom, Daniel Taub, said, “He was a hero of our time, having saved 669 Jewish children from Nazis. His story, as a point of light in a period of darkness, will forever be remembered.”1.What happened to the 669 Jewish children?A. They were killed by Nazis.B. They returned to their own homes.C. They fled to their native countries.D. They were raised by English families.2.What made Wintons story spread widely?A. Peoples chatting online.B. The program “Thats Life”.C. His wifes promotion.D. Praises from some leaders.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined expression “remained in the dark, in Paragraph 3?A. felt doubtfulB. remained movedC. knew nothingD. criticized something4.What do we know about Winton?A. He was born in 1909.B. Nazis tried to arrest him.C. He named a small planet.D. Many children paid tribute to him.【文章大意】文章主要讲述Sir Nicholas Winton在纳粹期间帮助669个犹太孩子逃到英国的故事。如今而且BBC把这一故事搬上荧幕，让大众知道在黑暗时期还有这样一个英雄给人们带来光明。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Finally, the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.”可知，669个犹太人孩子被带到了英国，并由英国家庭收养。故选D。3.C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据前面的句意可知，Sir Nicholas Winton一直对自己的英雄事迹保密，甚至是他的妻子。所以，此处应为不为人们所知道。故选C。4.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at the old age of one hundred and six, in 2015.”可知，Sir Winton 生于1909年。故选A。BHave you heard of the following people? Maybe yes, maybe no. But they may be an inspiration for you. The Tree Lady Kate Sessions was an American botanist and landscape architect closely associated with San Diego, California. After being the first woman to graduate from the University of California, Berkeley, she took a job as a teacher far south in the dry desert town of San Diego. Kate decided that San Diego needed trees more than anything else. Therefore this young woman singlehandedly started a movement transforming the town into the leafy, gardenfilled place as it is today. The Snowflake (雪花) Man Wilson Bentley is one of the first known photographers of snowflakes. His enthusiasm for taking photos of snowflakes began from his boyhood and was often misunderstood in his time, but his determination revealed two important truths: no two snowflakes are alike; and each one is surprisingly beautiful. In 1931, he worked with William J. Humphreys of the US. Weather Bureau to publish Snow Crystals, a book containing 2, 500 photographs. The Father of His Country By the late 1760s, George Washington had experienced firsthand the effects of rising taxes imposed(征收) on American colonists by the British, and came to believe that it was in the best interests of the colonists to declare independence from England. During the American War of Independence, he led the colonial forces to victory. In 1787, he was elected president of the Convention that wrote the US. Constitution. Two years later, Washington became Americas first president. His retirement from office after two terms established a tradition that lasted until 1940, when Franklin Delano Roosevelt won a third term. The 22nd Amendment (1951) now limits the president to two elected terms.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了三位鼓舞人心的名人。1. Who made a great contribution to beautifying an area?AGeorge Washington. BWilson Bentley.CKate Sessions. DWilliam J. Humphreys.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“she took a job as a teacher far south in the dry desert town of San Diego”和“this young woman singlehandedly started a movement transforming the town into the leafy, gardenfilled place as it is today”可知，Kate Sessions在将圣地亚哥的一个荒漠小镇变成宜人的地方上作出了巨大贡献。故选C。2. What is Wilson Bentley famous for? AHis creative ideas to publish books. BHis persistence in photographing snowflakes. CHis courage to fight against prejudice.DHis devotion to teaching kids scientific truths.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容尤其是“Wilson Bentley is one of the first known photographers of snowflakes. His enthusiasm for taking photos of snowflakes.”可知，Wilson Bentley以坚持拍摄雪花而出名。故选B。3. What does the author say about George Washington? AHe was a national hero. BHe was born into a poor family.CHe became Americas president in 1787. DHe served three terms as the President of America.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“came to believe that it was in the best interests of the colonists to declare independence from England. During the American War of Independence, he led the colonial forces to victory”可知，他开始意识到宣布从英国独立对殖民地定居者最有利。美国独立战争期间，他带领殖民地的武装力量获得了胜利，即美国获得了独立，由此可推知，他是美国的民族英雄。二、七选五 When high temperatures are around the country，some things also go up.Here are four things expected to rise along with our desire to stay indoors and beat the heat.1Sales of goods that keep you coolMalls are high on the list of places where people often go for free air conditioning outside home in summer._1_ Goods related to keeping cool，like air conditioners，fans or sun care items，are very popular.2_2_Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves，and many agriculture experts are expecting a repeat of last years outbreak that harmed fruit and crops，particularly on the East Coast.3Energy bills_3_ With all those air conditioners and fans working，it makes sense that energy bills will be higher than average._4_ “Not only are people going to have extremely high energy bills for July，it will also put increased stress on power plants，and were going to see more air pollution because of it，” says Angela Fritz.4ViolenceHeat waves may cause violence，right? “Not necessarily，”says Richard Larrick，a researcher.He took a unique look at the relationship between violence and heat through baseball.Larrick and his research team examined 57,294 Major League Baseball games taking place between 1962 and 2017 and found that while heat may increase violence，there always has to be a motive.“_5_ Instead，heat affects a specific form of violence，” he said.AAir pollutionBPest populationCRising heat is the expected response in any summer.DHeat does not directly lead to more violence in general.EMore and more people are worried about their expenses.FAs more energy is used，air quality problems may occur.GSo its not a surprise that some sales jump during heat waves.【解题导语】本文介绍了伴随高温天气会出现的一些事件。1G空前一句提到购物中心是夏天人们外出经常去的地方之一，空后一句提到与制冷有关的商品，如空调、风扇等都很受欢迎，结合本段小标题可知，G项“因此一些(制冷商品的)销售量在酷暑期猛增就不足为奇了”与此处匹配。2B根据空处所在位置可知，空处为本段小标题。根据空后的“Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves”可知，本段主要是说害虫的数量在酷暑期也会快速增长，故B项与此处匹配。3E根据段落小标题Energy bills可知，本段和费用有关，空后又提到(电)风扇和空调的运行会使能源费用高于平均水平，故空处应讲人们对高温天气下使用这些电器的花费的担忧，所以E项符合语境。4F上文提到能源费用增加，下文提到由此会造成更多的空气污染。由此可推知，F项“随着更多的能源被消耗，空气质量问题可能会出现”与此处匹配。5D根据空后一句可知，高温影响一种特定形式的暴力，且由“Instead”可知，空处与下文呈转折关系，再结合上文的“Not necessarily”可知，D项“总的来说，高温不会直接导致更多的暴力”与此处匹配。三、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2018陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)As is often the case，when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find it addicted to their phones，pletely ignore others.This is really a mon phenomenon in our life.The reason is because smartphones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games but keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.However，too many exposure to phones is bad for people in term of health.Moreover，people who were engaged in phones fail to municate well those around them.As far as Im concerned，people should wise make use of their phones to help with their work and study.In addition to，they should care more about their family members and friends rather than smartphones.【答案】As is often the case，when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find addicted to their phones，pletely others.This is really a mon phenomenon in our life.The reason is smartphones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.However，too exposure to phones is bad for people in of health.Moreover，people who engaged in phones fail to municate well those around them.As far as Im concerned，people should make use of their phones to help with their work and study.In addition ，they should care more about their family members and friends rather than smartphones.第一处：it改为them。考查代词。此处表示你总是能发现他们沉溺于手机。故将it改 为them。第二处：ignore改为ignoring。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，ignore与其逻辑主语people之间是主谓关系，故将ignore改为ignoring。第三处：because改为that。考查表语从句。The reason is that.是固定句型，意为“原因是”，that引导表语从句，在从句中不做成分。第四处：but改为and。考查连词。根据语境可知，该处前后是并列关系，说明手机的功能，故将but改为and。第五处：many改为much。考查限定词。exposure是不可数名词，故将many改为much。第六处：term改为terms。考查固定搭配。in terms of.为固定搭配，意为“就而言”。第七处：were改为are。考查时态。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故将were改为are。第八处：those前加with。考查介词。固定搭配municate with sb.意为“和某人交流”，故在those前加with。第九处：wise改为wisely。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词短语make use of，故将wise改为wisely。第十处：删除addition后的to。考查固定短语。根据语境可知，此处表示“除此之外，此外”，应用in addition来表示；in addition to是介词短语，后跟名词、代词、动词ing形式作宾语，不能单独使用。四、语法填空I had two boxes in my hands which God gave me _1_ (hold)He said，“Put all your sorrows in the black box, and all your _2_ (joy) in the gold box.” I listened to his advice, and in the two boxes I stored both my joys and sorrows.The gold one became _3_ (heavy) each day, while the black one was as light as before.With _4_ (curious), I opened the black one; I wanted to find out why.And I saw, in the base of the box, a hole which _5_ (I) sorrows had fallen out through.I showed the hole to God, and thought about it _6_ (careful) for a long time, “I wonder _7_ my sorrows could be.” He smiled a gentle smile _8_ said，“My child, theyre all here with me.” I asked God why he gave me _9_ boxes, and why the black one _10_ (have) a hole.“My child, the gold one is for you to count your blessings; the black one is for you to let go.”1to holdhold和定语从句中的谓语gave之间没有连词，故此处用不定式作后置定语。2joys空处与sorrows形成呼应，故用名词的复数形式joys，下文的“my joys and sorrows”也是信息提示。3heavier根据while的提示可知，前后句表示逻辑上的对比关系，且与each day呼应，故用形容词比较级作表语。4curiosity介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故此处用名词curiosity作介词With的宾语。5my此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词sorrows，在句子中作定语。6carefully副词修饰动词、副词、形容词或者整个句子，在句子中作状语，故此处用副词carefully修饰动词thought。7where结合下文的“My child, theyre all here with me.”可推知，作者疑惑的是自己的悲伤的去向，故用where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。8and根据语境可知，动词smiled和said表示的是两个连续的动作，故用连词and。9theboxes不是第一次在文章中出现，故用定冠词the修饰，表示特指。10had根据全文内容可知，文章讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故此处用have的过去式形式。
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