资源描述
省略为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：,（一）简单句中的省略1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。e.g.(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.（括号内为省略的词语,下同）(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(It)Doesntmatter.-Howareyou?(Im)Fine,thanks.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。e.g.(Thereis)Nosmoking.(Isthere)Anythingwrong?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?,Readthefollowingsentencesandfindoutwhathavebeenleftout.,Exercise,1.Likemorebeer?_likemorebeer?2.Haventseenyouforages._haventseenyouforages.3.Soundslikeagoodidea._soundslikeagoodidea.4.SorryIcouldntgo._sorryIcouldntgo.5.Doesntmatter._doesntmatter.,Wouldyou,I,It,Im,It,3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。e.g.-Areyougoingthere?-Idliketo(gothere).Hedidnotgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(givemethechance).(动词:want,wish,expect,hope,like,love,try,forget,decide,prefer,mean,intend,plan,refuse等动词宾语。tell,ask,want,expect,warn等动词的宾补。形容词：glad,happy,pleased,delighted,短语：begoingto,beaboutto,beableto,haveto,usedto,oughtto,besupposedto)否定形式的省略用notto,注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。e.g.-Areyouanengineer?-No,butIwanttobe.-Hehasntfinishedthetaskyet.-Well,heoughttohave.,Iaskedhimtoseethefilm，buthedidntwantto.-Willyoujointhegame?-Idbegladto.,4、省略表语。e.g.-Areyouthirsty?-Yes,Iam(thirsty).5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。e.g.Whatawonderfulfilm(itis)!(Its)Simplyimpossible!Howbeautiful(itis)!6、介词的省略：e.g.Theoldmanhadnodifficulty(in)findinghishouse.一些固定词组：,1)haveahardtime(in)doingsth.2)wastetime(in)doingsth.,3)spend(in)doingsth.4)prevent/stop(from),bebusy(in)doing,5)beengaged(in)doing,6)theresnouse(in)doing,Hefailed(in)thegame.Thewarlasted(for)fouryears.但在句首或与walk等连用不可省Comeandseeme(at)anytimeyoulike.(in,on,at,by)Hestayed(at)homeallday.Hewalked(for)threeli.(表示距离的状语中)（In)Thiswayyouwillsucceed.,7、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅，店铺，教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略。e.g.Athersisters(house),shespentapleasantweekend.8、连词的省略：notonlybut(also),whether(ornot),so(that),9、情态动词should的省略insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,demand,require,request,ask.Itsnecessary/important/impossible/strange/natural/apity10、同时省略几个成分。e.g.Letsmeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.-Haveyoufinishedyourwork?-(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.,（二）并列句中的省略两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。e.g.Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.Theydontagreewithyou,neitherdoI.他们不同意你的意见，我也不同意。Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.她贫穷但很诚实。,（三）主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g.(Im)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.(Itisa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。,3.(1)宾语从句中的省略以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将重复内容省略，而只保留特殊疑问词。Youareunhappy.Canyoutellmewhy?在Imafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess等作答句，后面常用省略形式。-Doyouthinkitwillrain?-Iguessso.,常用表达Ihopeso.我希望这样。Ihopenot我不希望这样。Imafraidso/not.我恐怕如此/不如此Ithink/believe/guess/expect/imagine/supposeso.我认为/相信/猜/希望/想象/认为这样.Idontthink/believe/guess/expect/imagine/supposeso.=Ithink/believe/guess/expect/imagine/supposenot.我认为不这样。,在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟有并列连词and连的两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省略，后边that不能省。Hetoldme(that)shewasabeautifulgirlandthatshewasclever.引导主语从句，同位语从句和表语从句的that不能省.,4.定语从句中的省略在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom可省略。Heisoneoftheman(whom)Icantrust.他是我信任的人之一。Thisisthebestway(that)weshouldchoose.修饰way或reason的关系副词that(=inwhich)或why可以省略。Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hestudies.这就是他学习的方法。Iwanttoknowthereason(why)hewaslate.我想知道他迟到的原因。在非正式语中，关系副词when，why，代词as后面的主谓结构可省略。Hegavethesameansweras(hehadgiven)before.,5.状语从句,(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:连词(as,asif,once+名词)Once(hewas)ateacher,henowworksinagovernmentoffice.连词(though,whether,when)+形容词Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryoullregret.,连词(when,while,though)+现在分词While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.连词(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词连词(asif,asthough)+不定式Heopenedhismouthasif(hewere)tospeak.,(2)当从句主语是It,谓语动词有含有系动词be时,可以把it系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（if，unless,when，where,whenever）+形容词的结构。Unless（itis）necessary，youdbetternotrefertothedictionary.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(itis)necessary.,另外,我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可有if+so/not。Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(youdontgetupearly),youwillmisstheearlybus.Hemaynotbeathomethen,ifso(heisnotathome),leavehimanote.,(3)在than或asas引导的从句中,常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。Hehasmadegreaterprogressthan(hedid)before/ever.Hecamehomeearlierthan(hewas)expected.Sheworksashardasyoungpeople.,Tomplaysfootballaswellas,ifnotbetterthan,Jack.(=TomplaysfootballaswellasJackdoes,ifhedoesntplaybetterthanJackdoes.)Weshouldthinkmoreofourclassthanofourselves.Imtallerthanshe(is).YouhatehimasmuchasI(hatehim),6.不定式符号to的省略1).两个或两个以上不定式并列，第一个带to，后面的省略to。MyjobistolookafterthechildrenandteachthemEnglish.但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to不能省略。Tobefortheplanortobeagainstitdoesntmat赞成或反对这项计划都不要紧。,2).当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及各种形式，则不定式可省略。Whathewantstodois(to)gohome.3).感官动词(seewatchnoticehearfeellookatlistento等和使役动词（makelethave)后面作宾补的不定式要省略to.但在被动语态中要恢复to（help后的to可要可不要.eg-Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.-Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.4).介词but/except/besides前面有动词do，后面的不定式省to。Hecandonothingbutliedownandsleep.他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。,7.虚拟条件句中的省略：在虚拟条件句中，如含有had,were,should等时，if可省略，句子倒装。如：Shoulditraintomorrow,youwouldhavetoputoffyourtour.8.主句与从句各有一些成分省略。e.g.Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).,Multiplechoices,A,C,D,A,1.Afterlivinginavillageforsolong,Kathywontwanttomovetoabigcity.Idontimagine_.（07.武汉质检）soB.tooC.itD.that2、Hedressedupandwenttothepartyasif_.(07.山东诊断二)wasinvitedB.hadbeeninvitedC.invitedD.tobeinvited3、Iwaswonderingifwecouldgoskiingontheweekend._good.(06.湖北)SoundB.SoundedC.SoundingD.Sounds4、Iremindedyounottoforgettheappointment._.(06.江西)SoyoudidB.SoIdonotC.SodidyouD.SodoI,5、Georgeofferedabettersuggestiontomethan_.A.HenrydidtoSmithB.thatofSmithsC.MichaelsD.whatCharlieofferedtome6、Thestudentsexpected_tobemorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.(06.中山第一学期期末)A.thereB.itC.thatD.one7、_broken,theglasscannotholdwater.(06石家庄质检)OnceB.AfterC.OnD.Though8、WhatshouldIdowiththispassage?_themainideaofeachparagraph.(05.重庆)A.FindingoutB.FoundoutC.FindoutDTofindout,A,A,A,C,
展开阅读全文