2019届高三英语上学期开学考试8月试题.doc

2019届高三英语上学期开学考试8月试题注意事项：1答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）(略) 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABig Messaging Apps AbroadWhile WeChat is Chinas biggest mobile messaging app, there are many similar apps in other countries that offer similar features.WhatsApp (US)Users: more than 300 millionPlatforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerryFeatures: Text chat, push-to-talk, file sharing, location sharingWith more than 300 million active users, WhatsApp is one of WeChats biggest petitors.Developed by two ex-Yahoo employees in xx, WhatsApp originally focused on text chat, but on Aug. 6 it also started push - to - talk service. Its noted for its accessibility, ease of use and the absence of advertisements. The service is free for the first year, after which $ 0.99 (6. 06 yuan) is charged for a one year subscription.Kakao Talk (South Korea)Users: more than 100 millionPlatform: Android, iOS, windows Phone, BlackBerry and Bada (an operate system developed by Samsung)Features: Text chat, group chat, pushtotalk, group calls, file sharingWith more than 100 million users in more than 230 countries, Kakao Talk is a multi - platform (多平台) texting application that allows users to send and receive messages for tree. With Kakao Talk, users can message each other one-on-one or in group chats with unlimited numbers of friends. You can also choose from more than 250 animated emoticons and share them with friends.Line (Japan)Users: more than 200 millionPlatforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and PCFeatures: Text chat, group chat, pushtotalk, file sharing, location sharing, gaming, stickersLine tops the list of the most downloaded free apps in 52 countries. Apart from text and voice messaging, Line provides its users with more than 250 original stickers and emoticons to buy from its own shop. In the first quarter of xx alone, it made $ 17 million just from stickers. The popular app also allows friends to battle each other in the Line games.21. The first paragraph of the passage is used to_.A. introduce the most popular mobile messaging apps in ChinaB. talk about new features in the latest mobile messaging appsC. draw readers attention to various popular mobile messaging appsD. explain how mobile messaging apps have bee so popular22. pared with the other two apps, which of the following features makes Line stand out?A. Group mobile games.B. Free stickers and emoticons.C. Free download of the app.D. Text and group chat.23. One of the popular features of WhatsApp is that users_.A. can send and receive messages for freeB. can enjoy live video chats within groupsC. regularly set free stickers and emoticonsD. dont need to worry about unwanted ads【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了国外几个较大的移动交流应用软件。21. 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可推知，第一段在文章中起导入作用，以引起读者对各种移动交流应用软件的关注，故选C项。22. 细节理解题。根据文章对三个不同移动交流应用软件特色的介绍可知，日本的Line有gaming和stickers这两个特别的功能，结合选项可知，故选A项。23.细节理解题。根据WhatsApp (US)部分的Its noted for its accessibility, ease of use and the absence of advertisements.可知，WhatsApp受人欢迎的特点就是没有广告。故选D。BHeres a simple challenge: name a famous inventor. Perhaps Leonardo da Vinci springs to mind. Or the pioneer of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell. But you might be hard-pressed to name many female inventors, even though women are behind some of the most widely used technologies in the modern world.For example, where would we be without the windscreen wiper? Back on a freezing winters day in 1902, Mary Anderson was traveling by tram through New York city. Snow was falling, forcing the driver to stop repeatedly and get out to clear it. Each time the door opened, Mary suffered. She had a brainwave: why not make something that could be operated from inside the vehicle? And thats exactly what she did.Lets step in from freezing New York for our next invention. The dishwasher dates back even earlier to the 19th Century, and to the dinner parties thrown by a lady called Josephine Cochrane. As a frequent host, she wanted a machine that could wash dishes faster than people. Her response was to develop what was to bee the first mercially successful dishwasher.Need something to do while the dishwasher is on? How about a round of Monopoly（强手棋游戏）? One of the most popular board games around, the rules were first drawn up by a lady called Elizabeth Magie, and patented in 1904.To an altogether different kind of innovation: Kevlar is the lightweight fibre used in bulletproof（防弹）vests. The material is used by millions every day and has saved countless lives and is strength-lo-weight ratio is five times higher than steel.Finally, one of the most important inventions of the 20th Century must surely be the puter programme. The world of programming is unbalanced among men and women, with men taking home around 30% more pay than their female partners on average. But back in the 1940s and 50s, women were at the forefront of this new field and Grace Hopper was one of them.24. What do we know about the inventions mentioned in the text?A. They were mostly made in the 20th century.B. They all used high technology.C. Their inventors came from families of good education.D. They were all made by accident.25. Why did Mary Anderson invent windscreen wiper?A. The winter was extremely cold there.B. She was forced to clear the snow by others.C. The car she drove made her suffer a great deal.D. She was sick of the driver getting out to clear the window.26. Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the text?A. Josephine Cochrane wanted a machine that operated automatically.B. The game invented by Magie was popular merely among teenagers.C. Kevlar is the super tough fibre and stronger than steel.D. Grace Hopper was good at puter programming.27. What is the best title of this passage?A. Women can be Great InventorsB. The Most Useful Inventions by WomenC. The Most Widely Used TechnologiesD. Women Made Greater Contributions than Men【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。计算机程序设计应该是个男性工作的领域，仅从目前的从业人数来看，男性程序员的人数超过女性从业人数，但曾经一度不是这样的。本文就为读者介绍了一些由女性发明的日用品。24. 细节理解题。由第二段的“Back on a freezing winters day in 1902”和第四段的“The dishwasher dates back even earlier to the 19th Century”；第五段的“ One of the most popular board games around, the rules were first drawn up by a lady called Elizabeth Magie, and patented in 1904.以及最后一段的“Finally, one of the most important inventions of the 20th Century must surely be the puter programme.”可知，文章中提到的发明大部分是20世纪发明的。故选A。25. 细节理解题。由第二段的“Each time the door opened, Mary suffered. She had a brainwave: why not make something that could be operated from inside the vehicle? And thats exactly what she did.”可知，每次司机开门下去擦玻璃，Mary Anderson都挺受苦，这导致她产生了一个想法：为什么不制造一些可以在车内操作的东西呢？于是她发明了雨刷。故选D。26. 细节理解题。由第四段的“One of the most popular board games around, the rules were first drawn up by a lady called Elizabeth Magie, and patented in 1904.”可知，最受欢迎的棋盘游戏之一 ，最初是由一位名叫Elizabeth Magie的女士起草的，并于1904年获得专利，但并没有说仅受青少年的欢迎。因此推断B项Magie发明的游戏仅受青少年欢迎是错误的。故选B。27. 标题判断题。纵观全文可知，第一段是主题段，由“But you might be hard-pressed to name many female inventors, even though women are behind some of the most widely used technologies in the modern world.”并结合下文的举例可推断，文章主要讲述了一些由女性发明的日用品。因此推断A项“女性可以成为伟大的发明家 ”为最佳标题。故选A。CGrown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials will help strengthen the related knowledge and skills.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are also an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.28. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.29. The author explains the law of overlearning by _.A. presenting research findings B. analysing statisticsC. making a parison D. using examples30. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _.A. a result of overlearningB. a special case of crammingC. a skill to deal with math problemsD. a basic step towards advanced studies31. What does the underlined word “cramming” in the last paragraph refer to?A. A way which leads to failure in college exams.B. A study method only helpful in a limited way.C. A way that will result in good memory.D. An approach to increasing students learning interest.【答案】28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B【解析】28. 段落大意题。第一段主要讲述大人们在儿时学会的东西，即使多年不复习还是可以记得很清楚。故选A，人们在儿时学习的知识记得很好。29. 推理判断题。作者在解释超量学习法则的时候，运用了乘法口诀和考试前突击学习的例子。故选D，举例。30. 细节理解题。根据because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.“因为这是我们儿时超量学习的另一个结果。”故选A，超量学习的而结果。31. 词义猜测题。最后一段解释考试之前的突击学习。By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.“通过突击学习，学生可以通过考试，但是很快就会忘记所学。”可知，这种方式仅适用于考前，突击学习在限定的方式下有用。由此推知划线词的意思是“一种只在有限的范围内有用的学习方法”。故选B。DDriverless cars are the best-known example of how artificial intelligence is influencing daily life in China, according to a new report on social attitudes toward AI technology that was released at Fudan University on May 17.Based on the responses of 625 questionnaires made by Fudan Universitys National Center for Cultural Innovation Research and the munication and data science laboratory, the report states that nearly 90 percent of the respondents are familiar with driverless cars, with over 67, percent having access to both positive and negative information on cars. About 62 percent of the respondents said they were willing to ride in driverless cars. Meanwhile, around 47 percent were supportive of unmanned vehicle road tests in the country. However, more than 30 percent of the respondents expressed their concerns about the safety of driverless cars.If personal injuries or property loss are suffered in the event of an accident, 80.5 percent of the respondents said that the designers of the AI products should bear legal responsibility while 55.5 percent said that vehicle users should also shoulder the blame.Smart cars with partial or fully autonomous functions are expected to account for 50 percent of new vehicles sold in China by xx.According to the blueprint released by the National Development and Reform mission in January, the country is aiming to bee a global power in smart-car development and production by 2035.“One cannot ignore the risks and ethics issues brought up by artificial intelligence technology,” said Sun Shaojing, director of the munication and Data Science Laboratory of the National Center for Cultural Innovation Research at Fudan University, “Policies should be strengthened to ensure a balanced development of ethics and science, especially for some fast-growing applications like driverless cars.”32. What do we know about the responses of 625 questionnaires?A. More than half of the people surveyed were willing to ride in driverless cars.B. Nearly 90% knew both positive and negative information on cars.C. Unmanned vehicle road tests were hardly supported in the country.D. Few people were concerned about the safety of driverless cars.33. Who should take responsibility if an accident happened to a driverless car?A. The designers of the AI products.B. Both AI products designers and vehicle users.C. Policy makers who regulate the use of driverless cars.D. It hasnt been decided yet.34. What does the underlined word “autonomous” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. high-tech B. advanced C. self-directed D. useful35. What do Sun Shaojings words suggest in the last paragraph?A. We should mainly focus on the benefit that driverless cars bring to us.B. Effective policies and rules are needed with appliances fast growing.C. Risks and ethics issues brought up by AI cannot be avoided.D. Driverless cars play a significant role in AI technology.【答案】32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B【解析】这是一篇议论文。复旦大学发布了的一份关于人们对于人工智能的态度的新报告，根据这份问卷，大部分人对与无人驾驶汽车持支持的态度，中国的目标是到2035年成为智能汽车开发和生产的全球强国。32. 细节理解题。由第二段的“About 62 percent of the respondents said they were willing to ride in driverless cars. ”可知，一般以上的人受访者表示，他们愿意乘坐无人驾驶汽车。故选A。33. 细节理解题。由第三段的内容可知，无人驾驶汽车如果发生事故造成人身伤害或财产损失，80.5%的受访者认为人工智能产品的设计者应承担法律责任，55.5%的受访者认为汽车使用者也应承担责任。 因此推断还没有决定谁为无人驾驶汽车造成的事故负责。故选D。34. 词句猜测题。由下文“.the country is aiming to bee a global power in smart-car development and production by 2035 ”可知，到2035年，中国的目标是到2035年成为智能汽车发展和生产的全球强国。因此可知，上文提到的是智能汽车，即无人驾驶汽车，按照常理推断无人驾驶汽车应是部分或者完全自动的。Autonomous指“自动的”，故选C。35. 推理判断题。由最后一段的孙绍静的话“One cannot ignore the risks and ethics issues brought up by artificial intelligence technology,”和“Policies should be strengthened to ensure a balanced development of ethics and science, especially for some fast-growing applications like driverless cars.”可知，孙认为人们不能忽视人工智能技术带来的风险和伦理问题，政策应该得到加强，以确保道德和科学的平衡发展，特别是一些如无人驾驶汽车的这样快速增长的应用。因此推断他认为随着应用的快速增长，需要有效的政策和规则。故选B。第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many of us deal with the rush every morning in preparation for work or school, but it doesnt have to be this way. With a little time management, these steps can help you cut down on your morning stress.Create an evening preparation routine._36_ These simple tasks will take you less than 30 minutes to plete each evening and will save you a huge headache every morning.Get a good nights sleep.Make sure you start winding down for bed at a reasonable hour to allow enough time for a healthy nights sleep. _37_ If needed, set a bedtime reminder alarm on your alarm clock. Always keep the temperature in your bedroom fortably cool._38_An extra 30 minutes in the morning will make a difference. As long as you go to bed on time, waking up 30 minutes earlier should seem natural after just a few days. Use this time to think, shower and eat breakfast.Plan a realistic day.Writing things down means you dont have to worry about forgetting to do them. _39_ Write down anything that cannot be put off to the following day._40_Getting up to face a new day is far more satisfying when you have something to look forward to. Make sure you manage your time better so that you have time to do something you love on a daily basis.A. Morning stress is very mon.B. Schedule something you love daily.C. Never fill your mind with unnecessary worries.D. Make a summary of what you did in the daytime.E. Wake up 30 minutes earlier.F. Iron your clothes, locate your keys, plan a nutritious breakfast, etc.G. Most people require seven to eight hours sleep each night.【答案】36. F 37. G 38. E 39. C 40. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何摆脱掉早起造成的慌忙压力。36. 本段的主旨是Create an evening preparation routine（形成夜晚做准备的规则），而熨衣服，放好钥匙，准备营养早餐等具体描述符合语境，故选F。37. 根据前文Most people require between seven and eight hours sleep each night. If needed, set a bedtime reminder alarm on your alarm clock. （大部分人需要7-8小时的睡眠，如果需要设定个闹钟）与G确保你睡眠时凉爽舒适形成语义上的并列，故选G。38. 根据Wake up 30 minutes earlier（起床早30 分钟）与E利用这些时间思考，沐浴和吃早餐符合逻辑，故选E。39. 根据Plan a realistic day（安排较实际的一天），而C不要用那些不必要的忧虑填满你的脑袋符合逻辑，故选C。40. 根据you have time to do something you love on a daily basis.（做一些你日常喜欢做的事情）与B安排你喜欢做的事情具体描述符合语境，故选B。第三部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分 45） 第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。One month ago, my daughter started kindergarten. As usual, I wished her success. I was telling a lie. What I actually wish for her is _41_. I believe in the power of failure.Success is _42_ in a sense. Success is proving that you can do something that you already know you can do, or doing something correctly the first time, which can _43_ be a problematic victory. First-time success is usually a fluke (侥幸). First-time failure, _44_, is expected; it is the natural order of things.Failure is how we learn. I have been told of an African phrase _45_ a good cook as “she who has broken many pots”. If you have spent enough time in the _46_ to have broken a lot of pots, probably you know a fair amount about _47_. I once had a late dinner with a group of chefs, and they spent time _48_ knife wounds and burn scars. They knew how much credibility (可信度) their _49_ gave them.I earn my _50_ by writing a daily newspaper column. Each week I am _51_ that one column is going to be the worst column of the week. I dont just set out to write it; I try my best every day. _52_, every week, one column is inferior (较差的) to the others, sometimes extremely so.I have learned to _53_ that column. A successful column usually means that I am treading (踏) on _54_ ground, going with tricks that work, or dressing up popular ideas in fancy words. Often in my inferior columns, I am trying to _55_ something Ive never done before, something that Im not even sure can be done.My daughter is a perfectionist. She will feel her failures, and I will want to _56_ her. But I will also, I hope, _57_ her of what she learned, and how she can do _58_ next time. I probably wont tell her that failure is a good thing, because thats not a(n) _59_ you can learn when youre five. I hope I can tell her, though, that its not the end of the world. Indeed, with luck, it is the _60_.41. A. success B. failure C. victory D. sacrifice42. A. demanding B. worthwhile C. correct D. boring43. A. often B. rarely C. always D. hardly44. A. in addition B. on purpose C. by contrast D. in demand45. A. denying B. describing C. pointing D. predicting46. A. dormitory B. yard C. kitchen D. field47. A. gardening B. training C. displaying D. cooking48. A. paring B. making C. learning D. curing49. A. wounds B. failures C. scars D. strengths50. A. living B. support C. skill D. similarity51. A. ambitious B. grateful C. confident D. aware52. A. Moreover B. Still C. Otherwise D. Therefore53. A. adapt B. update C. cherish D. review54. A. acc