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题型五 任务型阅读理解话题1事物介绍Passage 1 xx鄂州改编Bamboo is one of the natures most surprising plants. Many people call this plant a tree, but it is a kind of grass.Like other kinds of grass, a bamboo plant may be cut very low to the ground. but it will grow back very quickly. A Japanese scientist recorded one bamboo plant that grew almost 15 meters in 24 hours! Bamboo grows almost everywhere in the world except Europe. There are more than 1,000 kinds of bamboo that grow around the world on both mountains and plains(平原).Not all bamboo looks the same. Some bamboo plants are very thin. They may only grow to be a few centimeters wide while others may grow to more than 30 centimeters across. This plant also comes in different colors, from yellow to black to green.Many Asian countries have been using bamboo for hundreds of years. They often use bamboo for building new buildings. As a matter of fact, the cables (绳索) that hold up the hanging bridge across the Min River in Sichuan are made of bamboo. The bridge has been in use for more than 1,000 years, and is still holding strong.In Africa, engineers are teaching poor farmers how to use bamboo to find water. These African countries need cheap ways to find water because they have no money, and their fields often die from no rain and no water. It seems that bamboo is one of the best things they can use. Bamboo pipes and drills (钻) can help to make the poor thirsty fields be watered.1.将文中处画线句子改为同义句。_2.文中处画线句子翻译成汉语。_3.写出文中画线处“they”指代的内容。_4.将文中处画线句子改为复合句。_5.What is the topic sentence of the passage?_Passage 2 xx陕西改编Friendship Day is a great day for celebrating friendship. It falls on the first Sunday of August every year. Celebrating the festival was firstly started by the US in 1935. But now this doesnt only happen in the US. People in other countries are interested in it, too.The idea of spending the day with friends was spread all over the world. With more and more countries joining in the celebrations, Friendship Day soon became an international festival.Between 1935 and 1997, Friendship Day didnt have a symbol(象征), like Santa Claus for Christmas. However, in 1997, the United Nations named Winnie the Pooh as the worlds Ambassador (大使) of Friendship.The traditional celebrations include activities such as meeting with friends and exchanging (交换) cards, flowers and gifts. people, have, with, some, may, parties, friends, their(.) Some may have lunch or dinner together. Others may hang out or go to the movies with friends on this special day. These are popular among all age groups from teenagers to old people.Although Friendship Day and its celebrations may have changed over the years, the basic idea behind the festival remains the same. People enjoy the moment they spend together and express love and care for their friends.1.写出文中处画线代词所指内容。_2.将文中处画线句子翻译成汉语。_3.将文中处画线内容连词成句。（标点符号已在括号内给出）_4.What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us?_5.What does the writer think of the festival?_Passage 3Heavy smog has been covering many cities in northern China. It has caused the government to invent the mist cannon (水雾大炮). The mist cannon can be used to fight with pollution.The mist cannon is a large machine. It is fixed on a truck that sprays (喷洒) water mist. It is not well-known, but gain popularity. They were firstly used at building houses to reduce dust. But engineers have improved the machines. They want to make them send off drops of mist. “It is now for fighting airborne particles (大气尘埃) and protecting the environment,” said Xu Yuexin, an engineer with Beijing Capital Group Boom-sound Environment Science & Technology Co Ltd. It provides the mist cannon service in parts of the capital.“The truck works by spraying water mist. Then they could combine with the dust and small particles to fall to the ground,” Xu said. Experts have found theyre effective, but have their limits. They are only one of the measures being taken. However, reducing emissions (排放) is still the best way to control air pollution for the longer term. The government should pay more attention to measures to cut emissions.As for people, we should also do our part in protecting the environment. For example, we can take a bus to school or work instead of driving a car.1.写出文中处画线代词所指内容。_2.文中处画线句子有一处错误，改正并抄写。_3.将文中处画线句子翻译成汉语。_4.Where were the mist cannons firstly used to reduce dust?_5.What does the passage mainly tell us?_话题2学校生活Passage 4 xx绥化改编Ladies and gentlemen,Thank you for coming today to _ the graduation ceremony at No.3 Junior High School. First of all, Id like to congratulate all the students who are here today. I remember meeting all of you when you were just starting Grade 7 at this school. You were all so full of energy and thirsty for knowledge. And yes, some of you were a little difficult to deal with! But today I see a room full of talented young adults who are full of hope for the future. Youve all grown up so much and Im so proud of you.Although youve all worked very hard over the last three years, none of you did it alone. I hope youll remember the important people in your lives who helped and supported youyour parents, your teachers and your friends. Please consider what theyve done for you and what they mean to you. Never fail to be thankful to the people around you.Lastly, the end of junior high school is the beginning of a new life. I dont need to tell you that life in senior high school will be harder and that you have many difficult tasks ahead of you. Youll make mistakes along the way, but the key is to learn from your mistakes and never give up. But along with difficulties, there will also be many exciting things waiting for you. Behind each door you open are chances to learn new things, and you have the ability to make your own choices. Choose wisely and be responsible for your decisions and actions. Although you have to go your separate ways now, I hope that in a few years time, youll come back to visit our school. As you set out on your new journey, you shouldnt forget where you came from. The future is yours.Good luck and hope to see you again sometime soon!1. 根据短文内容在文中处填入恰当的词。_2. 将文中处画线句子改为同义句。_3. 将文中处画线句子翻译成汉语。_4. What will the life in senior high school be like?_5. Why will you come back to visit your school after graduation?_话题3咨询建议Passage 5Look around and youll see people are busy on their smartphones. Smartphones do make our lives easier than before. But have you ever thought about what they mean to your eyes? According to a study, half of British people own smartphones and they spend an average (平均) of two hours a day using them.There has been a 35% increase in the number of people in the U.K. who are shortsighted after smartphones were introduced there in 1997.Looking at smartphones for a long time give you dry eyes. When looking at something in the distance,your eyes automatically (自动) blink a certain number of times. However, when you look at things closer to your face, the blinking slows down. This causes discomfort in your eyes. Another bad habit is using smartphones in dark rooms before going to sleep. If you look at a bright screen when your pupils (瞳孔) become larger, too much light enters your eyes. This can do harm to the eyes and cause a disease called glaucoma(青光眼).While youre probably not going to stop using your smartphones, there are a few things you can do to protect your eyes. Hold your phone at least 30 centimeters away from your eyes when using it. Take a break every hour and try the following: look at something at least five meters away from you and then try to look at your nose. Repeat this several times. It should make your eyes more comfortable. So please remember to use your smartphones in a proper way.1.写出文中处画线代词所指内容。_2.文中处画线句子有一处错误，改正并抄写。_3.将文中处画线句子翻译成汉语。_4.When were smartphones introduced to the U.K.?_5.What happens when your pupils become larger?_话题4热点信息Passage 6These days, a new kind of exercise has swept Shanghai. Around 100 people have practiced yoga (瑜伽) with their dogs in Pudong New Area since last June, which was the citys first Doga class.Doga means “yoga with dogs”. The practice first started in the USA 11 years ago. In the Tokyo Pet Show 2006 in Chiba （in the east of Tokyo） on March 31st, xx, about 20,000 people visited the countrys largest pet market while enjoying Doga. And in Britain, Doga is more poplar around the country.In a Doga class, pet owners take their dogs with them. The dogs and their owners work as one unit. When the owners do a sitting pose(姿势), the dogs will lie down in front of them and maybe spread out their body. When the owners do a standing pose, they will hold their little pets in their arms. After the owners are done with their own lessons, they will give their dogs massages (按摩) and make them relaxed.Doga is not only good for the health of both humans and dogs, _ improves relationships between owners and dogs. At home, some dogs often growl(吼叫). But at Doga classes, they relax and seem to understand their owners. They behave better when doing yoga.1.写出文中处画线代词所指内容。_2.将文中处画线句子翻译成汉语。_3.在文中处填入恰当的词。_4.Where did the first Doga class take place in Shanghai?_5.How many countries are mentioned in the passage?_Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了竹子这种植物。文章具体谈到了竹子的生长特点以及它对亚洲和非洲人们的用处。1.Although many people call this plant a tree, it is a kind of grass.2.在全世界的大山和平原上生长着1,000多种竹子。【解析】more than多于；around the world全世界。3.African poor farmers.4.engineers are teaching poor farmers how they can use bamboo to find water.5.Bamboo is one of natures most surprising plants.【解析】分析文章内容可知全文主要讲了竹子的特点，文章的第一句话可以概括全文内容。Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了友谊日，这个节日起源于美国，现在许多地方都庆祝它。在这天，人们开展各种活动，或会见朋友，或互赠礼物，或一起吃大餐等等，来表达对朋友的友爱和关心。1.Celebrating the festival./ Celebrating Friendship Day.【解析】联系第一段第一句“Friendship Day is a great day for celebrating friendship.”和第三句“Celebrating the festival was firstly started by the US in 1935.”可知，这一段主要描述友谊日的庆祝情况。因此，这里的“this”指的就是庆祝友谊日或庆祝这个节日。故填“Celebrating the festival. / Celebrating Friendship Day”。2.与朋友度过这一天的想法被传遍了全世界。3.Some people may have parties with their friends.4.The activities to celebrate Friendship Day.【解析】题干意为：第四段主要告诉了我们什么？它主要是关于庆祝友谊日的。由第四段第一句“The traditional celebrations include activities such as meeting with friends and exchanging(交换) cards, flowers and gifts.”以及本段内容可知，主要描述人们在友谊日这一天的一些活动。故填“The activities to celebrate Friendship Day.”。5.Great/ Good / Wonderful/ Fantastic/.【解析】题干意为：作者认为这个节日怎么样？由第一段第一句“Friendship Day is a great day for celebrating friendship.”和文章内容可推知，作者认为友谊日是庆祝友谊非常美好的一个日子。故填“Great/ Good / Wonderful/ Fantastic/”均可。Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了针对中国北方很多城市雾霾严重的问题，专家们已经研究出了对抗烟雾污染的大炮。虽然大炮在空气清洁方面有一定的效果，但是最有效的方法还是减少污染排放。1.Heavy smog.2.It is not well-known, but gaining/gains popularity.3.政府应该更加注意减少排放的措施。4.At building houses.【解析】题干意为：水雾大炮刚开始被使用是在哪里？根据第二段第四句“They were firstly used at building houses to reduce dust.”可知答案。5.The mist cannon can be used to fight with pollution.【解析】题干意为：这篇文章主要告诉我们什么？通读整篇文章，可知这篇文章主要介绍了水雾大炮能对抗污染。第一段最后一句“The mist cannon can be used to fight with pollution.”表明了该文章的主题。Passage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇演讲稿。是一位老师在初三学生毕业典礼上发表的讲话。回顾了三年来同学们各方面的成长和进步，同时对学生们的新生活提出要求和希望。1.attend【解析】根据下文的ceremony(典礼，仪式)，所以空格处应填“参加”。2.I want to congratulate all the students that are here today.3.明智地做出选择，并且对你的决定和行为负责任。【解析】be responsible for表示“对负责任”。4.It will be harder.【解析】题干意为：高中生活将是怎样的？由文章第三段第二句可知答案。5.Because we shouldnt forget where we came from./Because I (will) miss my teachers and school/Because we should be thankful to the people around us/Never fail to be thankful to the people around us.【解析】题干意为：你毕业后为什么会回来拜访母校？本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一。言之有理即可。Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了使用智能手机的危害，告诉我们长时间使用手机会引起眼睛干涩和青光眼。文章给了我们一些玩手机时保护眼睛的方法，并告诉我们要以正确的方式使用手机。1.smartphones【解析】文中处画线单词指代的内容是什么？根据前一句所讲的smartphones可知指的就是智能手机。2.looking at smartphones for a long time gives you dry eyes.【解析】动名词作主语。谓语动词应用单三形式。3.这应该使你的眼睛更舒服。4.In 1997.【解析】题干意为：智能手机是什么时候引进到英国的？根据第二段最后一句“.after smartphones were introduced there in 1997.”可知答案。5.Too much light enters your eyes.【解析】题干意为：当你的瞳孔变得更大时会发生什么？根据第三段倒数第二句“If you look at a bright screen when your pupils(瞳孔) become larger, too much light enters your eyes.”可知答案。4. So please remember to use your smartphones in a proper way.【解析】本文介绍了使用智能手机的危害，目的就是告诫我们要用正确的方式使用手机。Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。狗瑜伽是去年六月以来在上海流行起来的一种运动方式。在这种运动中，主人和狗狗一起做瑜伽。主人摆好各种姿势，狗狗模仿主人或和主人协同起来做某个动作。这种运动方式对人与狗狗的身体健康都有好处，而且改善了人与狗之间的关系。1.Around 100 people/People.2.狗和它们的主人一起工作。3.but also4.In Pudong New Area.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：第一节狗瑜伽课是在上海哪里开设的？由第一段第二句“Around 100 people have practiced yoga(瑜伽)with their dogs in Pudong New Area since last June, which was the citys first Doga class.”可知，上海第一节狗瑜伽课是在浦东新区开办的。故填In Pudong New Area。5.Four/4【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：这篇文章中提到了几个国家？本文提到了美国、中国上海、日本东京的千叶和英国，共涉及四个国家。故填Four/4。
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