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现在完成时现在完成时知识精讲一、现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。二、句子结构主语+ has/have + done (过去分词)三、基本用法用法示例表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。He has already obtained a scholarship.他已经获得了一份奖学金。I havent seen much of him recently.我最近已经很久没有看到他。表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在也许还要持续下去，常和for, since连用。Peter has written six papers for three years.三年内彼得已经写了六篇论文。He has lived here since xx.自从xx年以来，他一直住在这儿。四、时间状语1. yet (常用于否定或疑问句中), already (常用于肯定句中)2. since+过去时间点/过去时的从句（译为：自从以来）3. for+时间段4. just, so far, recently, never, ever, twice5. in the past / last few days五、动词过去分词的规则变化情况变形示例一般情况加-edwork-workedvisit-visited以不发音字母e结尾加-dlive-lived辅音字母加y结尾把y变i，加-edstudy-studiedcry-cried重读闭音节结尾双写尾字母，再加-edstop-stoppeddrop-dropped六、动词过去分词的不规则变化：原形过去式过去分词AAA型bursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型runcomerancameruncomeABB型bringbuycatchfeelfindkeepmaketeachtellthinkbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtABC型beginbreakchoosedriveforgetgiveknowswimwritebeganbrokechosedroveforgotgaveknewswamwrotebegunbrokenchosendrivenforgottengivenknownswumwritten七、相关句式hashave主语第三人称单数第一/二人称单数/复数肯定式He has turned the light off. They have already read this book.否定式He hasnt turned the light off. They havent read this book yet.疑问式Has he turned the light off? Have they read this book yet?简略回答Yes, she has. / No, she hasnt.Yes, they have. / No, they havent.肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它.否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它.一般疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 答语：Yes,主语+has/have. / No,主语+hasnt/havent八、瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换：在完成时中，一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for, since等)连用。此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词：buy (bought)have/hashad买borrow(borrowed)have/haskept借die(died)have/hasbeendead死leave (left)have/hasbeenaway(from)离开begin(began)have/hasbeenon开始join(joined)have/hasbeenin参加go(went)have/hasbeenthere/in去come/arrive/reach/gettohave/hasbeenhere/in 来/达end(ended)have/hasbeenover 结束例：Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago. -Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.-Ithasbeenfiveminutessincethefilmbegan.用“be形容词”代终止性动词1. “ bemarried” 代替marry2. “beill” 代替fall(get)ill3. “bedead” 代替die4. “beasleep” 代替fall(get)asleep5. “beawake” 代替wake/wakeup6. “begone” 代替lose, die, sell, leave7. “beopen” 代替open8. “beclosed” 代替close/shut用“be副词”代终止性动词1. “beon” 代替start, begin2. “beup” 代替getup3. “beback(to)” 代替returnto, comebackto, gobackto4. “behere(there)” 代替come(arrive, reach, get)here或go(arrive, reach, get)there等等用“be介词短语”代终止性动词1.”bein/at+地点” 代替goto/cometo2.”用beinthearmy”代替jointhearmy3.”bein/at+地点” 代替moveto三点剖析一、考点：现在完成时的基本用法和时间状语；以及动词过去分词的变化规则。二、易错点： has gone (to); has been (to); has been (in) 三者的区别。1. has gone to：表示某人已去了某地，（现未回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）。例：-Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？-He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去了上海。2. has been to：表示去过某地，（现已回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）。例：I have been to New York three times so far. 到目前为止，我已经去过纽约三次了。3. has been in：表示一直呆在某地，常与时间段搭配。例：I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。题模精选题模一：基本用法例1.1.1 I _ already _ in this school for three years.A was; studyingB are; studyingC will; studyD have; studied例1.1.2 I _ English since xx.A have learntB have learnC learntD learn例1.1.3 I _ my pencil yet.A have findB havent foundC foundD find例1.1.4 Mr. Brown isnt at home. He _ to his office.A has beenB has goneC has goD went题模二：动词过去分词变化规则例1.2.1 用动词的适当形式填空。1. She _ (live) in Hubei for two years.例1.2.2 You neednt tell him. I _ (tell) him already.例1.2.3 We _ just _ (have) our lunch.例1.2.4 Peter _ (live) in his hometown since he left here.例1.2.5 They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.题模三：句型转换例1.3.1 I have been there for two years.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_例1.3.2 My father has lived here since 2000.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_随堂练习随练1.1 Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years.A was; studyingB will; studyC has; studiedD are; studying随练1.2 We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A knowB had knownC have knownD knew随练1.3 His father _ the Party since 1978.A joinedB has joinedC was inD has been in随练1.4 -Our country _ a lot so far.-Yes. I hope it will be even _.A has changed; wellB changed; goodC has changed; betterD changed; better随练1.5 Her grandfather _ for two years.A has been deadB has diedC diedD has been died随练1.6 用动词的适当形式填空。1. Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2. Both of them _ (be) in Hong kong for ten days.3. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).4. Mary lost her pen. _ you_ (see) it here and there?5. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?6. All of my classmates are not in classroom. Maybe they _ (go) to the library.随练1.7 Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the libraryA wentB wasC has goneD has been随练1.8 句型转换1. IhaveeverbeentoIndiaandRussia.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_2. Iveworkedherefortenyears.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_3. Mikehasalreadyfoundhiswatch.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_自我总结课后作业作业1 -Do you know him well?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago.A wereB have beenC have becomeD have made作业2 Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already.A have gotB have arrived atC have been toD have reached作业3 -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A gone; goneB been; beenC gone; beenD been; gone作业4 My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A have been inB have been toC have gone toD have been作业5 Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes.A had begunB has been onC began.作业6 用动词的适当形式填空。1. We _ already _ (return) the book.2. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.3. Jack _ (finish) his homework already.4. -Are you thirsty?-No, I _ just _ (have) some orange.5. My father _ (read) the novel twice.6. -Where is Jim?- He _ (go) to England.作业7 句型转换1. Lindahasgonetotheteachersoffice.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_2. Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_3. Shehaswatchedthefilmtwice.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_答案解析现在完成时题模精选题模一：基本用法例1.1.1【答案】D【解析】 考查现在完成时。already和for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。再由句意“我已经在这个学校学习了三年了。”可知，故选D。例1.1.2【答案】A【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。再由句意“自从2000年我就已经开始学英语了。”可知，故选A。例1.1.3【答案】B【解析】 考查现在完成时。yet是现在完成时的时间状语，常用于否定句或疑问句中。再由句意“我还没有找到我的笔。”故选B。例1.1.4【答案】B【解析】 考查现在完成时。has/have been to 去过某地，现已回；has/have gone to 去了某地，现未回。再由句意“布朗先生不在家，他去办公室来了。”可知，故选B。题模二：动词过去分词变化规则例1.2.1【答案】 has lived【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。live的过去分词形式为lived。故填has lived。例1.2.2【答案】 have told【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。tell的过去分词形式为told。故填have told。例1.2.3【答案】 have; had【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。just是现在完成时的时间状语。have的过去分词形式为had。故填have; had。例1.2.4【答案】 has lived【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。live的过去分词形式为lived。故填has lived。例1.2.5【答案】 havent read【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。yet是现在完成时的时间状语。read的过去分词形式为read。故填havent read。题模三：句型转换例1.3.1【答案】 否定句：I havent been there for two years.疑问句：Have you been there for two years?肯定回答：Yes, I have.否定回答：No, I havent.【解析】 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasnt/havent.例1.3.2【答案】 否定句：My father hasnt lived here since 2000.疑问句：Has your father lived here since 2000?肯定回答：Yes, he has.否定回答：No, he hasnt.【解析】 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答：No,主语+hasnt/havent.随堂练习随练1.1【答案】C【解析】 考查现在完成时。already 和for+时间段是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。随练1.2【答案】C【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。随练1.3【答案】D【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选D。随练1.4【答案】C【解析】 考查现在完成时。so far是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。随练1.5【答案】A【解析】 考查现在完成时。for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。故选A。随练1.6【答案】 1. lived2. have been3. has passed; left4. Have; seen5. Have; found6. have gone【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填lived。2. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。故填have been。3. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has passed; left。4. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。由句意可知玛丽丢了自己的笔，此事对现在造成影响，以至于问别人有没有看到。故填Have; seen。5. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。yet是现在完成时的时间状语。故填Have; found。6. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。由句意可知“同班同学已经去了图书馆”。故填have gone。随练1.7【答案】C【解析】 现在完成时。随练1.8【答案】 1. 否定句：IhaventeverbeentoIndiaandRussia.疑问句：Have you ever been to India and Russia?肯定回答：Yes, I have.否定回答：No, I havent.2. 否定句：I haventworkedherefortenyears.疑问句：Have you worked here for ten years?肯定回答：Yes, I have.否定回答：No, I havent.3. 否定句：Mikehasntfoundhiswatch yet.疑问句：Has Mikefoundhiswatch yet?肯定回答：Yes, he has.否定回答：No, he hasnt.【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasnt/havent.2. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasnt/havent.3. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasnt/havent.作业1【答案】B【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选B。作业2【答案】D【解析】 考查现在完成时。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故选D。作业3【答案】B【解析】 考查现在完成时。has/have been to 去过某地现已回，再由句意可知，故选A。作业4【答案】A【解析】 考查现在完成时。has/ have been in 待在某地，可以跟一段时间连用。再由句意可知，故选B。作业5【答案】C【解析】 时态，根据for ten minutes可知表示动词的持续，故选择用持续性动词been on，选项C正确。作业6【答案】 1. have; returned2. has read3. has finished4. have; had5. has read6. has gone【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故填have; returned。2. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has read。3. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has finished。4. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。 just是现在完成时的时间状语。 故填have; had。5. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。故填has read。6. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。has/ have gone to去了某地还未回，再由句意可知，故填has gone。作业7【答案】 1. 否定句：Lindahasnt gonetotheteachersoffice.疑问句：Has Lindagonetotheteachersoffice?肯定回答：Yes, he has.否定回答：No, he hasnt.2. 否定句：Ihavent seenthefilm yet.疑问句：Have you seen the film yet?肯定回答：Yes, I have.否定回答：No, I havent.3. 否定句：Shehasntwatchedthefilmtwice.疑问句：Has shewatchedthefilmtwice?肯定回答：Yes, she has.否定回答：No, she hasnt.【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasnt/havent.2. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasnt/havent.3. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasnt/havent.
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