网络教育环境下外语教学的生态课堂优化.ppt

网络教育环境下外语教学的生态课堂优化,张瑞红韩久全河北农业大学外语学院河北保定071000,摘要,生态危机是现代人类面临的“全球性问题”之一。在全球生态化的影响下,研究者们运用生态哲学的基本原理对教育系统内部的各子系统进行研究的过程中提出了教学生态观。生态教育理念认为人是信息生态系统中的“中坚种群”，其核心价值是促进人在信息生态中的全面发展。在教育的整个生态系统中，课堂作为其中的一个生态因子，是实施素质教育的主渠道.教学过程就是学生、教师之间借助教学内容、教学手段等进行平等对话的过程。本文对针对近些年教育技术在教育领域的不断应用，基于教学过程中的两个生态平衡：民主的教态和自主的学态，分析网络教育环境下，外语教学课堂生态优化实施的方法和途径。关键词：网络教育，外语教学，课堂教学生态，优化,OptimizationofEcologicalClassinForeignLanguageTeaching,Abstract:Ecologicalcrisisisoneoftheglobalproblemsthathumanhavetoface.Influencedbytheglobalecologicaltrend,reseachersproposedtheviewsofteachingecologyintheprocessofstudyingthesubsystemsoftheeducationalsystembasedontheprinciplesofecologicalphilosophy.IdeasofEcologicalEducationassumethathumanisthecentralgroup,anditscorevaluesistopromotehumansall-rounddevelopmentintheinformationecology.Inthewholeecologicalsystemofeducation,classteachingisamongtheecologicalfactors,andisconsideredasthemainwayofqualityeducation.Teachingisaprocessofequaldialoguebetweenteachersandstudentsinthehelpofteachingcontens,teachingmeansandetc.Thispaper,consideringtheincreasingapplicationofeducationaltechnologyinrecentyears,analyzeshowtooptimizetheclassteachingecologyintheforeignlanguageteachinginthebasisoftwoecologicalbalanceofteachingprocess:teachersdemocraticmannerandstudentsautonomicmannerinlearning.Asaresult,thefinalgoaloftrainingthetalentswithhighqualitiesandall-rounddevelopmentiscompletedwiththeteaching.,Keywords:onlineeducation,foreignlanguageteaching,classteachingecology,optimization,OptimizationofEcologicalClassinForeignLanguageTeaching,IntroductionThenecessityofoptimizingtheecologicalclassWaysofoptimizingtheecologicalclassSummary,OptimizationofEcologicalClassinForeignLanguageTeaching,Inthe21thcentury,thecomingoftheglobalInterneterabroughtaneweducationmodeltothereformonteachingandeducation-OnlineEducation.Itisnotonlytheimportantpartofmoderndistanceeducation,butwillbethemaineducationmodelofthiscenturyinhigheducation.Onlineteachingbroughttheconveniencetoclassteaching,andevenmore,becameachallengetothetraditionalclassteaching.,1.Introduction,Thebestwayofachievingthegoodteachingeffectisthecomplementandco-existenceoftwoclassteachings.Class,asamongtheecologicalfactors,isthemainchannelofqualityeducationandofkeepingtheecologicalbalanceofteaching.Inthemicro-ecosystemofclassteaching,howtodeveloptheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenthembecomesthefocusoneducationreform.,1.Introduction,Teachersmannerandstudentsattitudeinlearningbenefitfortheestablishmentofgoodecologicalbalanceatclass.Theconstructionoftwoimportantecologicalbalances:teachersdemocraticmannerandstudentsautomaticmannerintheteachingprocess,contributetothetwoconcerningecologicalfactors:teacherandstudent.,Introduction,2.Thenecessityofoptimizingtheecologicalclass,2.1Stateanalysis,2.2Theecologicalclassteaching,Intherecentyearstheinternationizedfeatureinthehigheducationhasbecomeclearerandclearer,however,CollegeEnglishTeachinginChinacannotmeettheinternationaldevelopment.Thoughmanyuniversitieshavemadesomereformsandattemptsinteachingsystem,modelandmethodandetc,itisnotnearlyenoughtochangeradicallythestateofCollegeEnglishTeachinginthehigheducation.,2.1Stateanalysis,Theexpansionofundergraduateledtotheteachingwayoflargeclasswhichtookbadeffectonorganizingtheinteractivitiesbetweentheecologicalfactors:teachersandstudents,orstudentsandstudentsatclass.MostClassarestilltheOne-wayPresentationofteacher-centeredmethod,theInteractiveCommunicationishardtoberealized.,2.1Stateanalysis,Teachingaimsattheexamination:Thisexamination-orientededucationsystembreaksthelawsoflanguagelearning,andstudentsarelackofopportunitiesinpractisingandusinglanguage,andlackofinteractivitiesbetweenteachersandstudents.Allthesedisadvantagescontributetotheloseofbalanceintheteachingecosystem,naturallystudentsareeasytolosetheiractivitiesandlearninginterests.,2.1Stateanalysis,Englishlearningisnotonlytostudyalanguageitself.Languageisthecarrierofculture.Theshort45minute-classhasnowaytocarryalltheserichculturalimplicationstolearners.ThepresentsingleEnglishteachingmodelcannotmeetthedemandsandlawsoflanguagelearning.Onlineclasss,asanassistedteachingwayofthetraditionalclass,canprovidetherichresourcesoflanguageandculture,andcanalsobringmorevisualresourcestohelplearnersunderstandandfeelthenativeaccent、nativeexpression.,2.1Stateanalysis,AsprofessorGuYueguoproposedthatonlineeducationcanprovidethebesteducationalecosystemforlearners.Internetprovidesabetterjointfortheintegrationbetweenclassteachingandinformationtechnology.Thecombinationoftwoclassteachingscanmotivateteachersandstudents,thetwoecologicalfactorstooptimizetheteachingprocessandlearningeffects.,2.1Stateanalysis,AmericaneducatorWaller.firstlyproposedthetheoryof“ecologyofclassroom”inhisSociologyofEducation.Fromtheperspectivesofeducationalecology,ecologicalclassmeansthatinclassteachingtheenvironmentshouldbeharmoniousandbenefitforstudentssustainabledevelopment.Inthemicro-ecologicalsystemofclass,thefinalaimistodirecteducateesbodyandmindtosuitthenaturalandsocialdevelopment,andpromotesocialprogressandecologicalbalance.,2.2Theecologicalclassteaching,Thecentralvaluesofecolgoicalsystemofeducationinonlineenvironmentistopromotetheachersandstudentsall-rounddevelopmentintheinformationecology,andplaceemphasisontheharmoniousinterreactionbetweenman,technologyandteachingpractice.Onlineteachingmakesupforthalackoftraditionalclass,theco-exisistenceandcomplementofthevirtualandrealclassesbuiltupaneffectivelyecologicalenvironmentforstudentsautomaticlearning.,2.2theecologicalclassteaching,Thetwocentralgroupsteachersandstudentsconstitutetwoimportantbalancesoftechingprocess:teachersdemocraticmannerandstudentsautomaticmannerinindependentlearning,whichnatruallybecomethekeysinthedynamicecosystembetweenteachingandlearning.,2.2theecologicalclassteaching,Intheeducationalecosystem,teachingisakeylinkandadynamicprocessreferringtotheharmoniousdevelopmentoftheecologicalfactorsduringtheclassteaching.Thepracticesindicatedthattheoptimizationoftheecologicalclassteachingcanberealizedonlythroughkeepingthebalanceoftwokindsofmannersintheprocessofteaching:teachersdemocraticmannerandstudentsautomaticmannerinlearning.,3.Thewaysofoptimizingtheecologicalclassteaching,Thewaysofoptimizingtheecologicalclassteaching,3.1teachersdemocraticmanner3.1.1.Respect3.1.2.Expectation3.1.3Appreciation3.1.4.Encouragement3.1.5Empowerment3.2studentsautomaticmannerinindependentlearning3.3establishingtheinternetsuitabletolearnersindependentlearning,Teachersmannerasakeyfactorduringtheteachingprocessplaysanimportanthandinstudentsmoraldevelopment.Theexpressionofgoodmannerasateacherhassomethingwithhisorhermoralandintellectualcharacter,andhisorherwholequality.,3.1teachersdemocraticmanner,Inonlineenvironment,classistransformedfromtheteacher-orientedtothestudent-orientedteaching,Teacherisnotonlyateacher,butmoreafacilitator,organizer,supervisor,trainerorfriend.Asateacher,howtodocanformthedemocraticmanner?Firstly,teachershouldhavethedemocraticconceptinteachingprocess.Secondly,possessingmoreequallyeducationalbehaviorisverynecessarytoteachers,especiallytothedisadvantageousgroup.Thirdlyteacherwithagoodmannershouldbeofseveralconsciounesses:,Incontemporarysocietyandclassroom,respectgoesbothways.Itisnotagiven,andneedstobeearned.New-typerelationshipbetweenteacherandstudentinonlineenvironmentshoulddevelopthemutualrespect.,3.1.1.Respect,Allofstudentsdosomethinginthehopeoftheirsuccess,evenmoretheydevotetheir“expectation”toinnerconfidenceinlearninganddailylife.Thereforeteachersshouldbelievethateveryonewouldbesuccessful,andconveythisbelieftostudentsthroughteacherseyes,smiles,intonationandetc,makethemfeelteacherssupportandfacilitation.,3.1.2.Expectation,Teachersshoulduseappreciationeducation,findstudents“SparkingPoint”andappreciatetheirvalues,helpthemtocultivatetheSelf-confidence.Teacherswithgoodmannersareoftengoodatfindingtheirstrongpoint,commendandmoderatelyencouragethem,andletthemfeelthehappinessofsuccess.,3.1.3Appreciation,Teachersarenaturaladvise-giversandproblem-solvers.Teachersshouldshowtheirencouragementthroughthebehaviors.Whatteacherswanttodoistobecomeaguideorencouragerwhoassiststhestudentinexploringanddiscoveringvarioussolutionstohisownproblem.Theachievementofencouragementeducationalsodependonteacherswords,smilesandeyesorotherbodylanguagesandsoon.,3.1.4.Encouragement,Thepoweroveroneslifeisakeycomponenttoself-esteem.Empowermentforstudents,isthebetterwayofexperiencingtheabilitytomakeadifferenceinherlifeandinthelifeofthosearoundher.Andtheirsuccessescanalsosetupagoodmodelforotherstomotivatetheiractivityinteaching.,3.1.5Empowerment,Independentlearninginvolvespupilstakingtheinitiativeinrecognisinglearningrequirementsandundertakingactivitiestomeetthem.Onlineclassprovidesstudentswithafavorableenvironmenttoenablethemtobecomemoresuccessfullyindependentlearners.Moreimportantly,manssubjectiveinitiativeplaysadominatedroleinlanguagelearning.Learnersself-independentlearningisakeyfactorinthesuccessionoflanguagelearning.,3.2studentsautomaticmannerinindependentlearning,Onlyestablishingthelearningpurpose,learnerscansetthelearninggoalsbasedontheirownlevel,andchoosethelearningcontentsdemandinginthecompletionoftheirlearninggoals,finallyrealizetheirlearningpurposes.,3.2studentsautomaticmannerinindependentlearning,Tothestudents,whatistherightmannerintheindependentlearning?Thekeypointisthateverystudentshouldsettheclearlydefinedgoalsinlearningtomotivatetheirinnerenthusiasmandinterest.Then,studentsshouldcultivatethehabitofindependentlearning,trainthegoodabilityoflearningandemotion,attitudeandvalues.Itisverynecessaryfortheauthoritiesorteacherstoofferthemexplicitinstructions,keepthemundersupervisation,givethemproperformativeevaluation.,3.2studentsautomaticmannerinindependentlearning,TheNetwork-basedinstructioncanhelplearnersstrengthentheirlinguisticskillsbypositivelyaffectingtheirlearningattitudeandbyhelpingthembuildself-instructionstrategiesandpromotetheirself-confidence.Theinternetsuitabletolearnersindependentlearningisthebestwayofachievingsucharesult.,3.3establishingtheinternetsuitabletolearnersindependentlearning,Firstistofullyusetheinternet.Onlineclassoffersthestudentstherichresourcesandwidespace,learnercanfreelychoosethecontentandexerciseswtihdifferentlevelstostrenthentheunderstandingofthestudiedknowledge,anddotheextensivereadingaboutthebackgroundinformationoflanguage.,3.3establishingtheinternetsuitabletolearnersindependentlearning,Second,buildingagoodsystemofsupervisationTheoretically,theindependentlearninginonlineenvironment,learnercangetrichreferencematerialsandresources.Therefore,studentseasilyattainthelearningpurposeonlythroughchoosingthesuitablecontent,reasonableteachingmethods.Butinreality,therearesomestudentslackingtheabilityofcontrollingthemselves,ofself-managementandoffirmperseveranceinlearning.,3.3establishingtheinternetsuitabletolearnersindependentlearning,Therefore,thebenefitablefeedbackshouldbebuiltupinthenetsystemtosupervizeandcontrolthelearningprocesssandcommenttheteachingresult,andtohelpstudentsformthehigheffectiveandindividuallearningway.Ontheonehand,studentcancheckhisorherownrecordthroughthenet,andonotherhand,teacherscanalsomaketheupdatescorebasedontherecordofexercisesandthecompletionofself-testonInternet,finallysetthetotalscore.,3.3establishingtheinternetsuitabletolearnersindependentlearning,Theintergratedpatternofonlineandtraditionalforeignlanguageteachingswillbringoutamorefavorableenvironmentforthelearner,andsetuptheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenthetwocentralecologicalfactorsteacherandstudent.Inthewholemicroecosystemofclasslearnerssubjectiveroleandteachersleadingrolearefullybroughtout,andthetwobalancesofthegoodteachingandlearningmannerarekepttooptimizetheecologicalclass.,Summary,1.金建生等,构建生命发展生态课堂J.成都：教育科学论坛，2005.12.2.王东敏.关注课堂生态J.杭州：江苏教育研究，2004.9.3.王笃勤.大学英语自主学习能力的培养J.上海:外语界,2002(5):17-23.4.王牧华、靳玉乐：生态主义课程思潮引论J.沈阳：辽宁师范大学学报（社会科学版），2000.5.汪霞我们的课堂生态了吗?J.上海:全球教育展望（2005.5）6.文秋芳.英语学习的成功之路M.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2003.7.张豪锋，卜彩丽.略论学习生态系统J.北京：中国远程教育2007.4.8.BaileySteve,ExcerptsfromDemocraticClassroomWorkshop,sbaileymoriah.nsw.edu.au,Bibliography,