2019-2020年中考英语复习讲义 第8章 常见的连词.doc

2019-2020年中考英语复习讲义 第8章 常见的连词连词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，但可以起连接作用.用来连接阅与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。连词分为并列连词和从属连词。对于连词的考查，往往集中于并列连词的河义拼析和从属连词引导不同的状语从句的用法。在学习过程中，不但要搞清楚并列连词所引导的各种关系，还耍掌握从属连词所引导的各类从句的用法。内容导视知识点1连词的分类知识点2并列连词的用法知识点3从属连词的用法知识点4常见连词的用法辨析知识详单知识点1连词的分类标准分类例词根据形式分类简单连词and和，or或者，but但是，if如果，because因为，so所以关联连词Bothand(二者)都，Either.or或者或者，not onlybut also不但而且短语连词as long as只要，as if好像根据意义分类并列连词and和，or或者，so所以，but但是，for原因，while然而从属连词自从，if如果，unless除非，until直到，as if好像知识点2并列连词的用法分类连词含义例句表示并列and和，又We are singing and they are dancing.我们在唱歌，他们在跳舞。【知识拓展】1. and用于连接三个或三个以上的并列成分时，前面几个往往使用逗号隔开，最后两个之间使用and进行连接。例如: Its you that always make me feel warm, safe and happy是你总是让我感到温暖，安全和快乐。2. and如果连接的是动词不定式，往往只在第一个不定式前加不定式符号to，而其余的不定式符号to可省略。例如:She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back她告诉我们待在家里一直等到她会来。3. and连接两个名词指的是同一个人或物，此时第二个名词前不用冠词或者所有歌。例如:His secretary and driver picked him up at the airport yesterday。昨天是他的秘书兼司机在机场接他。As well as也，又Im learning French as well as English.我学法语，还学法语.Bothand既又Both Jim and Kate are from England。吉姆和凯特都是来自英国。Neithernor既不也不Neither the father nor the son is interested in the film.父子俩对这部电影都不感兴趣。not onlybut also不但而且Not only English but also French is spoken in Canada.加拿大不仅说英语，而且说法语。表示转折but可是，但是I askedhim a questionbut he would not answer。我问了他一个问题，但是他不作回答。while而，然而I am a worker while my brother is a professor.我是一名工人，而我的兄弟是一位教授。yet可是，然而It is very strange, yet it is true.这件事很奇怪，然而它却是真的。whereas然而，反而Some people like coffee, whereas others like tea.有人喜欢咖啡，然而也有人喜欢茶。【易错警示】although或though在引导让步状语从句时，主句不可使用转折连词but，但是可以使用yet或still。例如:Although she is in poor health，(yet) she works hard.虽然她的身体不好，但是她工作非常努力。二She is in poor health，but she works very hard.【知识拓展】however作为“然而”之意时，是副词，可位于句首、句中和句尾，而且需要使用逗号与句子隔开。例如:Its raining hard. However I still want to go there.雨下得很大。然而，我仍然想去那里。Later, however, he madehis mind to give up the idea.然而，后来他下定决心放弃了那个想法-表示选择or或者，否则Will you go to the post office by bus or on foot?你你要乘公共汽车还是步行去邮局?Hurry up, or you will be late.快点，否则你会迟到的。【知识拓展】在否定句中，or用于连接并列的成分时，相当于“and+否定词”例如:There is no water or air on the moon.(=There is no water and no air on the moon.)月球上没有水和空气。or else否则，要不然Be careful or else you will make a mistake.小心，否则你将会犯错误。rather than而不是I will do it myself rather than ask him to do it.我会亲自去做这件事，而不是叫他去做。notbut不是而是.John is not her father but her uncle.约翰不是她的父亲而是她的的叔叔。eitheror或者或者.Either Alice or her father cooks meals at home要么爱丽丝要么她爸爸在家做饭。whetheror不管是还是They havent decided whether they will go to London or Berlin。他们尚未决定-是去伦敦还是去柏林。表示因果so因此，所以I had a headache, so I went to bed very early.我头痛，因此很早就上床睡觉了。for因为，由于Ill follow his advice, for he is a doctor.找会听从他的建议，因为他是医生。【易错警示】so作为表示因果关系的连词，不与because在一句话中同时使用。另外，还有些副词或短语，如besides（而且，此外），hence（因此），moreover（而且，此外），,then（那么，因而），therefor（因此），thus（因而），as a result/ consequence (结果，因此)，in addition（此外）等，也可使句子的前后意思更为连贯，有时可以起到和连词相同的作用。例如：.It rained and therefore the football match was put off.下雨了，.因此足球赛延期。I dont want to go; besides， Im too tired.我不想去，此外.我也太累了。【知识拓展1. neithernor，not only. but also，either. or:和notbut.用于谓语动词与最近的主语保持就近一致原则。例如：Not only you but also I am going to attend a lecture given by Dr. Smith.不仅你而且我要去听史密斯博士的讲座。2. as well as和rather than用于连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。例如:He as well as I is satisfied with the result.他和我都对这一结果表示满意。3. and和or常用于句式“祈使句+and/ or+主语+will+其他”，此句式相当于if引导的条件状语从句。例如:Turn left and you will find the post office.向左转，你就会找到邮局的。知识点3从属连词的用法序号分类从属连词例句1引导时间状语从句since自从，until/till直到，after在之后，before在之前，when当时候，while当时侯，as soon as一就，whenever无论何时Ill tell him the good news as soon as he es back.他一回来我就告诉他这个好消息。When I arrived there, it was raining.当我到那里时，天正在下雨。2引导条件状语从句if如果，unless除非，as/so long as只要If you go shopping with me, Ill buy you a pair of shoes.如果你和我一起去购物，我就会给你买一双鞋。3引导目的状语从句so that以便，in order that为了, incase以防Give me your phone number so that I can call you back.告诉我你的电话号码，这样我就可以给你回电话了。4引导结果状语从句so that所以，sothat如此以致，such.that如此以致He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.这个男孩如此小，无法去上学。5引导原因状语从句because因为，since因为，as因为I cant get to sleep because it is too noisy outside.由于外面声音太嘈杂，我睡不着。6引导让步状语从句though尽管。although尽管，eVen if/though即使Thought he is very old，he still teaches himself English.尽管他年龄很大，他仍然自学英语。7引导方式状语从句as正如，as if/though好像He stared at me as if he saw me for the first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。8引导地A状语从句where在的地方，wherever无论何地We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。9引导比较状语从句as/so. as像一样，than比Not all events in history are as terrible as this，of course.当然，历史上不是所有的事件都像这个这样糟糕。1. so that表示结果和目的的用法区别:引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便，为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等词;引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此，所以”。例如:The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mothers day.为了能够在母亲节给她的母亲买一份礼物，小男孩存下了每一分钱。(目的状语从句)The girl was very hungry so that she ate the wholepizza.那个女孩非常饿以至于她吃了一整个比萨饼。(结果状语从句)2. whether与if的用法区别:用作从属连词时.whether和if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，二者可以互换。但以下几种情况中只能用whether：与动词不定式连用时。例如:I couldnt decide whether to go.我不确定是否要去引导介词的宾语从句时。例如:There has been no news about whether they havefinished their work.仍然没有他们是否已经完成工作的消息。引导主语从句且里于句首时。例如:Whether it is true remains a question.它是真是假还是个问题。引导表语从句时。例如:The question is whether it will rain.问题是会不会下雨。引导同位语从句时。例如There is a doubt whether he is fit for the job.他是否胜任这份工作还有疑问。与or not直接连用时。例如Let me know whetheror not you can win the game.请让我知道你是否能移获胜。3. though与although的用法区别:用作连词，表示“虽然”，两者含义相同，可换用，although比though更为正式。例如:Though/Although we are poor, we are still happy.我们虽然穷，仍然很快乐。用作副词，though可用作副词，一般放在句末，意为“可是，不过”;although不用作副词。例如:Its hard work; I enjoy it though.工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。用于短语，在as though(好像，仿佛),even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用although.用于倒装，though引导的让步状语从句可用倒装的形式(注意:倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词)，但although一般不这样用。例如:Child though he was, he did quite well.他虽是个孩子，但干得很好。4. till与until的用法区别:这两个词都意为“直到，一直为止”，表示一个动作持续到某一时刻或另一动作发生为止，其后的词或从句表示这段时间的终点.在句首时只能用until。在肯定句中，句子(或主句)与延续性动词连用。在否定句中，句子(或主句)可以和非廷续动词连用，这时。until和before近义，表示直到才”。例如:He didnt go to sleep until 12 last night.他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。Her mother couldnt buy him a piano until he was seven.直到她七岁.她妈妈才有能力给她买一架钢琴。知识点4常见连词的用法辨析1.when，while，与aswhenwhen既可指时间点，也可指时间段，其引导的从句中的动词可以是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest. (finished先发生)当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。whilewhile只指时间段，其引导的从句中的动词必须是延续性动词；while强调主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句的动作同时发生。While we were swimming，they were reading books.我们在游泳，他们在读书。asas表示“一边一边，与同时”，引导的从句表示的是一件事情正在发生，另一件也在进行中。As the day went on，the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。When/While/As we were dancing，a strangercame in. ( dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。【知识拓展】1. when有时作并列连词用，相当于at that/this time，意为“就在这/那时”，而不是“当时候”。例如:A girl was walking along the street, when she met her friend一个女孩正在街上走着，这时，她遇到了她的朋友。2. while引导时间状语从句时，主句和从句均可用进行时态。例如:I was drawing while my brother was reading.我在画画的时候，我弟弟在读书。2.because，since，与asbecausebecause是从属连词，表示造成某种情况的直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答由why引导的问句，其从句的位里通常在主句的后面。He has to leave because it is too late.因为太晚了，他不得不走。He didnt go to school because he was ill.他因为生病没有去上学。sincesince是从属连词.语气比as稍强，不表示直接的或根本的原因，而是一种已知的或非常显然的理由，since引导的从句通常位于主句之前。Since everyone is here, lets start.既然大家那到齐了，我们就出发吧!Since youre not interested, I wont tell you about it.既然你不感兴趣，那找就不告诉你了。asAs是从属连词，表示原因时，语气最弱，所说的原因比较明显或是是已知的事实，它引导的从句一般位于主句之前。We all like her as she is kind.我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。As you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.因为你不能回答.也许我们该问别的人。【知识拓展】for也可表示原因，但它是并列连词，强调间接原因和理由，是对前面的分句加以解释或表示推断的原因。for所连接的分句通常位于句尾，前面用逗号分开。例如:There must be in the classroom now, for the light is still on.教室里现在一定有人，因为灯还亮。粉。3.suchthat与sothatsuchthatsuch为形容词，后接名词，其结构可分为三种情况:such + a(an) + adj.+单数可数名词+that从句such + adj+复数可数名词+that从句such +adj+不可数名词+that从句He was such an honest man that he waspraised by theteacher.他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。Theyare such interesting movies that I want to watch them once again这些电影非常有趣，我想再看一遍。He has made such great progressthat the manager is pleasedwith him.他进步得很快，经理对他感到很满意。sothatso为副词，与形容词或副词连用其结构是:so+adj (adv.)+that从句so+adj. +a(an)+单数可数名词+that从句This is so interesting a book that we all like reading it.这本书是如此有趣以至于我们都喜欢看。John ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with her.约翰跑得那么快，我赶不上她。【易错警示】1.当名词前面有many, much,few, little等表示数量多少的限定词时，应该用so，而不能用such。例如Ive had so many falls that Imblack and blue all over.我跌倒了好多次，以至于我的全身青一块紫一块。Peter drank so much wineyesterday that he felt terrible.昨天彼得喝了那么多的酒，以至于他感觉不舒服。2.当单数可数名词前有形容词时，既可用so，也可用such，但不定冠词的位置却有所不同。如:This is such an important meeting that you shouldattend it.(=This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.)这是一次很重要的会议，你一定要参加。考点突破考点1考查并列连词and(龙东中考)To make our dreams e true, we should have aims_ then try our best to achieve itA. and B. but C. or【解析】选A。空后句子承接前面的内容,表示顺承关系，用并列连词and。考点2考查并列连词or2.(赤峰中考)Hurry up, _ youll be late for school.A. but B. and C. or D. then【解析】选C。or可用于句式“祈使句+or+主语+will+其他”中，表示“否则”，故此处要用or3. (平凉中考)Which do you prefer to use to municate with your friends, QQ_ MSN?A. and B. nor C. or D. so【解析】选C。该句为选择疑问句，连词or意为“或者”，表示选择关系。考点3 考查并列连词but4.(上海中考)-Would you like to go to the cartoon show with me? -It sounds like fun，_ Im too busy. A. so B. for C. or D. but 【解析】选D。答语后半句话表示转折，but表示“但是”，符合题意。 考点4考查并列连词eitheror5.(呼和浩特中考)一Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai?一I may live _ in a hotel_ in a friends house.A. both; and B. .either; or C. neithernor D.not onlybut also【解析】选B。答句中两者为选择关系，表示“或者或者”,故用either. .or.结构。考点5考查并列连词so6.(德州中考)-Are you going out, Mike? Its really late now. -Its the last day to buy tickets to the xx FIFA World Cup in Brazil, _ I must go now. A. if B. or C. so D. though 【解析】选C。由答语可知，空后句子表示结果，故用so“因此”。考点6考查从属连词until7.(来宾中考)I didnt know the news_ you told me. Thank you for telling that.A. unless B. though C. until D. while【解析】选C。句意为:直到你告诉我,我才知道这个消息。此处为“not. .until. .”结构，意为“直到才”。考点7考查从属连词as soon as8.(赤峰中考)-Will you please give this message to Helen?-Sure. Ill give it to her _ she arrived here.A. Until B. although C. before D. as soon as【解析】选D, 此处意为“她一来我就给她as soon as意为“一就”，引导状语从句，符合句意。考点8考查从属连词as long as 9。(邢州中考)一We will certainly enter a good high school_ we work hard 一Yes. Our dream will e true by working hard.A .as soon as B. as long as C. as far as D. even if【解析】选B。句意为:只要我们努力学习、我们肯定能进人一所优秀的高中。as long as意为只要”,条件状语从句，符合句意。考点9考查从属连词so that10. (滨州中考)The teacher asked me to read aloud_ all the students could hear me.A. so that B. for C. because D. in order to【解析】选A so that意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句。句意为“老师让我大声朗读以便所有学生都能听到. for意为“因为”; because意为“因为”;in order to意为“为了”，其后接动词原形。考点10考查从属连词because11. （黔西南中考)He didnt go to school yesterday_ he was ill A. because B. because of C. if D.so【解析I选A because引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”，符合题意。Because of后接名词、代词或动名词; if引导条件状语从句;so表示结果。故选A 考点11考查从属连词although/though12.(天津中考)_ he was very tired, he continued working in his office.A. Since B. Although C. As soon asD. Because【解析】选B。句意为:尽管很累，他还是继续在办公室工作。although意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。13. (xx衡阳)_we felt tired._ we felt happy. A. Though; but B. If; but C. Though;/ 解析I选C although/though不能与but连用，排除A项;if意为“如果”，含义不对，排除B项;though意 为“尽管”，符合句意，第二空不填，故选C考点12考查从属连词than14.(宜昌中考)-What would you do for your dad on Fathers Day?-I prefer to take him for a trip_ buy him gifts. A.in order to B. no more than C. rather than D. according to【解析】选C。答句意为:我更愿意带他去旅游而不愿给他买礼物。Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，符合题意。故选C 15.(东营中考)It is better to travel 10,000 miles_ to read 10,000 books. A. as B. but C. nor D. than 【解析】选D。句意为:读万卷书不如行万里路。空格前后为比较关系，用连词than.