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Unit3,Backtothepast,Keyphrases,在使用中到时候早在将来接管，接任，控制导致纪念作为的回报失落的文明实施，执行，进行,beinusebythetimeasearlyasinthefuturetakeoverleadtoinmemoryofinreturnforlostcivilizationcarryout,nomorepouroutmorethanbeburiedalivebecoveredwithonboardingoodconditionpreventsb.fromsth/doingsthdeclarewaragainst,不再涌出，倾泻多于,不仅仅被活埋被覆盖在船上，飞机上或火车上处于良好的状态阻止某人做某事向宣战,在使用中到时候早在将来接管，接任，控制导致纪念作为的回报失落的文明实施，执行，进行,beinusebythetimeasearlyasinthefuturetakeoverleadtoinmemoryofinreturnforlostcivilizationcarryout,nomorepouroutmorethanbeburiedalivebecoveredwithonboardingoodconditionpreventsb.fromsth/doingsthdeclarewaragainst,不再涌出，倾泻多于,不仅仅被活埋被覆盖在船上，飞机上或火车上处于良好的状态阻止某人做某事向宣战,Keywords,1.destroyv.毁坏，使毁坏基本构词destructionn.毁坏典型例句Theschoolwascompletelydestroyedbythefire.大火把学校给彻底毁灭了。Hisactsdestroyedhisinfluence.他的举止使他威望扫地。,词语辨析destroy指“十分彻底的破坏“，不可修复，多指不可抗拒的外界力量。damage指“部分的破坏”，可以修复，只是不能正常发挥作用，常常指因人的过失造成。如：Theaccidentdamagedthecarbadly.这个事故严重损坏了这辆车。,2.drivevt.迫使；驱赶n.内在的驱动力或欲求driveoff开车送走；击退;赶走drivesbtodosth迫使某人做某事drivesomebodycrazy/wild使某人发疯Hedrovehertoadmitit.他逼迫她承认。Thiscoughisdrivingmemad!该死的咳嗽快把我逼疯了！Ithinkhehasthedriveneededforthisjob.我认为他很有工作动力。,3.likewiseadv.同样地，也Thefoodwasexcellent,andlikewisethewine.菜好酒也好。Itoldhimtowatchmeanddolikewise.我叫他仔细看着我,并且照样做。注意：likewise可以做状语来修饰整个句子，常放在句首，用逗号与后面的句子隔开。Theclams（蛤蜊）weredelicious.Likewise,theeggplant（茄子）wasexcellent.,四、【习题训练】单项填空。1.Accordingtothemanager,thebusinessplanwillhelpthecompany_othersmallbusinessesandhelpthembecomethenumberonebusinessoverthenext50years.A.takeoutB.takecontrolC.takeoverD.ruleout2.ItsmanyyearssinceMountVesuviuslast_.A.discoveredB.happenedC.eruptedD.cameabout,3.Cutthefruitinhalfand_theseeds.A.hitB.removeC.takeD.dig4.Manypeoplearestillburied_aftertheearthquake.A.livingB.aliveC.livelyD.live5.Nobodycan_us_gettingmarried.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?A.stop;fromB.prevent;fromC.forbid;/D.keep;from6.Thehousewascompletely_bythefire.A.damagedB.destroyedC.causedD.beaten,7._,DrColecannotspendaslongwitheachpatientasshewouldlike.A.HopefullyB.UnfortunatelyC.LuckilyD.Gradually8.Mr.Brownisaworld-famousprofessorwhois_inexperience.A.wealthyB.richC.welloffD.plenty9.Theevidencewasgraduallycovered_bytheheavysnowthatnight.A.withB.inC.overD.down10.Ifindthe_ofbuildings_underthesand.A.remaining;buriedB.remainders,buryC.remains;buriedD.remains,burying,完成译文。（每空限填一个词）1.作为英语学习者，你要做的第一桩事就是买一本英汉词典。AsanEnglishlearner,thefirstthing_istobuyanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Titanic客轮撞上冰山，带着一千多人沉到海里。ThepassengershipTitanichitanicebergandsankintotheseawithoveronethousandpeople_.3.演讲时，你必须提高嗓门以引起听众注意。Whenmakingaspeech,youshouldraiseyourvoicetoattractyour_.,todo,onboard,audiencesattention,4.这家图书馆是为了纪念那位科学家而建的。Thislibrarywasbuilt_thescientist.5.火灾过后，房子所剩无几。Afterthefire,verylittle_ofthehouse.6.指挥部决定在黎明时分对敌人发起突然袭击。Theheadquatersdecidedtomakeasudden_theenemyatdaybreak.7.如有疑问，请随意提出。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,please_toaskme.8.天安门位于中国首都北京的中心。TiananmenGate_inthecentreofBeijing,thecapitalofChina.,inmemoryof,remained,attackon,feelfree,islocated,declare与announce的区别,(1)declare意为“宣称”，表示有信心地、正式地公开讲明某事，其目的不在于公众周知，而在于使人们了解如：Hedeclaredthatitwastrue.他断言那是真实的。(2)announce意为“宣布”，不及declare正式，尤其将有益之事公之于众，如消息或新闻等。如：Theyannouncedthedateoftheirweddinginthenewspaper.他们在报上宣布了他们的结婚日期。announce,declare都含有一定的“宣布”之意announce指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事、商品信息、生死病婚、开会等新闻declare指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度,announce和declare语义相近,中心意思是tobringtopublicnotice(公之于众),但结构有区别.announce后接名词或代词或that宾语从句，而declare除接上面结构以外还可接复合宾语等结构declare较为正式,在语义上还有些特殊的用法.试比较下列句型。1.SoonGermanydeclaredwaronFrance.不久德国对法宣战(不用announce)2.Announceacease-fire宣布停火3.Thebellannouncedtheendoftheclass.下课铃响了(不用declare)4.Thecommitteeannounced/declaredtheresultsoftheexperiment.委员会宣布了实验的结果5.Shedeclaredherintentiontorunforoffice她宣布了要竞选官员的意愿,主谓一致“一致”就是指前后照应，英语中的一致包括主语部分和谓语部分的一致以及代词和被指代名词短语的一致。1主谓一致的概念：就是指谓语动词在人称和数方面要和主语部分对应。2主谓一致的原则：1）语法一致：即主语和谓语在语法上保持一致。就是说如果主语为单数形式，谓语就用单数形式；若主语为复数形式，谓语也应用复数形式。(1)单数名词、不可数名词、不定式短语、动词-ing形式、或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；复数主语则用动词的复数形式。,Tosayisonething,todoisanother.Whowilldothejobhasntbeendecidedyet.(2)A+with/together/alongwith/aswellas/besides/but/except/including/inadditionto/like/nolessthan/ratherthan/insteadofB等类似结构中应根据A确定谓语动词的数。Thefatherwithhistwosonshasgonetothecinema.Nooneexceptthetwoboyswaslateforclass.LiMing,ratherthanhisclassmates,hasletoutthesecret.,(3)“morethanone或manya单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Morethanonepersonhasknownit.Manyapilotwaskilledintheraid.注：“more复数名词thanone”作主语，谓语则用复数形式。Morepersonsthanonehaveknownit.(4)“一两个”，英语中用“oneortwo名词复数”或“a（an）名词单数ortwo”两种形式表达，前者谓语用复数形式，后者谓语用单数形式。Oneortwodaysareenoughforthem.Adayortwoisenoughforthem.,(5)and连接两个名词作复合主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Myfatherandmymotherareawayonbusiness.但是，当两个名词表示同一个人、同一事物、同一概念或一套完整的东西时（其特征是and后的名词前无任何限定词），谓语动词应用单数形式。ThewriterandpoethasdecidedtobeonholidayinYunnan.（对比：ThewriterandthepoethavedecidedtobeonholidayinYunnan.）Acartandhorseisrunninguptheroad.注：当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no,each,every,manya,morethanone等修饰时，谓语要用单数形式。,InChinaeverymanandeverywomanwhohasacitizenshiphastherighttovoteandtobevoted.Manyateacherandmanyastudenthasseenthefilm.(6)不定代词one,noone,theother,another,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody,nobody,anything,something,everything,nothing,each,either以及被each,every修饰的名词作主语，尽管有些表示复数意义，但是它们的谓语应该用单数形式。Iseverybodyheretoday?(7)在定语从句中，从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。例如:TheteacherwhoteachesusEnglishisfromInnerMongolia.Whoisthegirlthatisinredshirt?,2)意义一致：即谓语动词的单复数形式不是根据语法形式，而是根据主语的内在涵义（即有时主语的单数形式表达的是复数涵义，反之亦然）确定的。(1)有些集体名词,如：主语family,group,army,government,audience等表示整体概念时，应看作单数，谓语也用单数形式；但若表示组成整体的各个成员的集合时，其谓语则应用复数形式。Myfamilyisquitebig.（整体）MyfamilylikewatchingTV.（整体的各个组成成员们）(2)有些集体名词,如:people(人们),police,cattle,personnel(全体人员),militia(民兵),谓语应该用复数形式。Thepoliceareafteramurderer.注：people作“民族”解时，其单数形式为people，复数形式为peoples。当它作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应视情况而定。,Agreatpeoplealwayslearnsfromdisasters.TheChineseandtheJapanesearetwopeace-lovingpeoples.(3)表示物品的名词用量词表示具体数量时，其谓语形式应与量词的数保持一致。Thatpairoftrouserswassoldout,butthesepairsoftrousersarestillonthecounter.Abasketofpeachesisonthetable.(4)复数名词短语表示度量、距离、金额、时间或专有名词，要看做一个整体，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Twentymilesanhourisnotfastenough.Tenyearsisamomentinhistory.TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingstory-book.TheUnitedStatesistheonlysuperpowerintheworldnow.,(5)“分数/百分数of名词”以及“all(most,some,any,half,alot,therest)+of名词”作主语时，根据of后的名词确定。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiswater.Tenpercentoftheapplesarebad.(6)the与某些形容词搭配表示一类人时，如thedead,theblind,theBritish等，谓语用复数形式。Thericharegettingricherandthepooraregettingpoorerinsomecountries.(7)“kind(s)/sort(s)/type(s)of/style(s)of名词”作主语,根据kind/sort/type/style的单复数确定.Thiskindofbookissoldinthatshop.Manykindsofshoesaresoldinthatshop.,注：“名词ofa(the,this,that,these,those,all,some,many等)kind(s)”结构作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式则与of前的名词的数一致。Abookofthiskindissoldinthatshop.Applesofthisspeciesaresour.(8)“a+单数名词+andahalf”和“oneandahalf+复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数形式。Anhourandahalfisenoughforthejob.Oneandahalfpearshasbeenleftonthetable.(3)就近一致：这一原则是指如果句子中有两个或两个以上的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据靠近它的那部分主语的单复数来确定。主要有以下两种情况:,(1)or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso,notbut等连接并列主语时。Nothisparentsbuthedoesntwanttogo.NeitheryounorIamastrangerhere.但是：Dohisparentsorhewanttogo?因为hisparens离do近。Doesneitherhenorhisclassmatesknowthesecret?因为he离does近。(2)Therebe多个名词作主语，谓语动词常与最靠近be的名词的单复数一致。Thereisanapple,twopearsandsomeorangesontheplate.Therearethreestudentsandateachertalkingtogether.,
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