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Unit6Tonepuesnada.Hailnothingfullofnothing,nothingiswiththee.我们的虚无缥缈就在虚无缥缈中，虚无缥缈是你的名字，你的王国也叫虚无缥缈，你将是虚无缥缈中的虚无缥缈，因为原来就是虚无缥缈。给我们这个虚无缥缈吧，我们日常的虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈是我们的，我们的虚无缥缈，因为我们是虚无缥缈的，我们的虚无缥缈，我们无不在虚无缥缈中，可是，把我们打虚无缥缈中拯救出来吧；为了虚无缥缈。欢呼全是虚无缥缈的虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈与汝同在。,18,(parody)的手法，戏仿就是二次创作，有可能达到反讽的效果，比如大话西游对西游记就是戏仿。首先戏仿的是主祷文，没错，就是今天美国宾馆依然常见的主祷文。OurFather,whoartinheaven,hallowedbythyname.Thykingdomcome,thywillbedoneonearthasitisinheaven.Giveusthisdayourdailybreadandforgiveusourdebtsasweforgiveourdebtors.Andleadusnotintotemptation,butdeliverusfromevil;amen.圣母玛利亚的祷文。HailMary,fullofgrace,theLordiswiththee.,19,Nihilism虚无主义,FriedrichNietzscheni:t(尼采)Nihilismisthebeliefthatallvaluesarebaselessandthatnothingcanbeknownorcommunicated.Itisoftenassociatedwithextremepessimismandaradicalskepticism(极端怀疑论)thatcondemnsexistence.Atruenihilistwouldbelieveinnothing,havenoloyalties,andnopurposeotherthan,perhaps,animpulsetodestroy.,20,DIY,WhyisNadaor“Nothing”repeatedinthestory?Whatarethesymbolicmeaningsofthe“light”,“night”,or“shadows”inthestory?,21,HowtoReadFiction?,1Lookattheplot2Analyzethecharacters3Identifythesetting4Examinethenarrativepointofview5Analyzethestyle,tone,andlanguage6Focusonsymbolismandallegory7Identifythethemes,22,1.Whatconflictsoccurinthestory?2.Howaretheseconflictsdevelopedorresolved?3.Whoaretheprotagonistorantagonist?4.Whatarethecharactersmoststrikingtraits?5.Atwhattimeperiodandinwhatgeographiclocationdoestheactionofthestoryoccur?6.Howdoesthesettingaffectthecharactersofthestory?,23,7.Howdoesitdeterminetherelationshipamongthecharacters?8.Howdoesthesettingaffecttheplot?9.Doesthesettingcreateamoodoratmosphereforthestory?10.Inwhatwaydoesthesettingreinforcethecentralideasthatthestoryexamines?11.Whatperson(s)is/aretellingthestory?,24,12.Isthestorytoldinthefirstpersonorinthethirdperson?13.Doesthewritermakeanyunusualuseofdictionorsyntax?14.Doesthewriteruseimaginativefiguresofspeech?Patternofimagery?15.Whatstylesorlevelsofspeechareassociatedwithparticularcharacters?,25,16.Doesthenarratorstonerevealhisorherattitudetowardcharactersorevents?17.Isthetoneofthestoryplayful,humorous,ironic,satirical,serious,solemn,bitter,formal,orinformal?18.Doestheauthoruseanyobjectsorideassymbolically?19.Doesthesameobjecthavedifferentmeaningsatdifferentplacesinthestory?,26,20.Whatisthecentraltheme?Andwhatotherthemesareexplored?21.Whatelementsofthestorydevelopthecentraltheme?22.Howdoesthetitleofthestorycontributetoreadersunderstandingofthecentraltheme?,27,HowtoReadFiction?,1Lookattheplot2Analyzethecharacters3Identifythesetting4Examinethenarrativepointofview5Analyzethestyle,tone,andlanguage6Focusonsymbolismandallegory7Identifythethemes,28,1.Whatconflictsoccurinthestory?2.Howaretheseconflictsdevelopedorresolved?3.Whoaretheprotagonistorantagonist?4.Whatarethecharactersmoststrikingtraits?5.Atwhattimeperiodandinwhatgeographiclocationdoestheactionofthestoryoccur?6.Howdoesthesettingaffectthecharactersofthestory?,29,7.Howdoesitdeterminetherelationshipamongthecharacters?8.Howdoesthesettingaffecttheplot?9.Doesthesettingcreateamoodoratmosphereforthestory?10.Inwhatwaydoesthesettingreinforcethecentralideasthatthestoryexamines?11.Whatperson(s)is/aretellingthestory?,30,12.Isthestorytoldinthefirstpersonorinthethirdperson?13.Doesthewritermakeanyunusualuseofdictionorsyntax?14.Doesthewriteruseimaginativefiguresofspeech?Patternofimagery?15.Whatstylesorlevelsofspeechareassociatedwithparticularcharacters?,31,16.Doesthenarratorstonerevealhisorherattitudetowardcharactersorevents?17.Isthetoneofthestoryplayful,humorous,ironic,satirical,serious,solemn,bitter,formal,orinformal?18.Doestheauthoruseanyobjectsorideassymbolically?19.Doesthesameobjecthavedifferentmeaningsatdifferentplacesinthestory?,32,20.Whatisthecentraltheme?Andwhatotherthemesareexplored?21.Whatelementsofthestorydevelopthecentraltheme?22.Howdoesthetitleofthestorycontributetoreadersunderstandingofthecentraltheme?,33,
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