2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 语法精讲精练 名词性从句用法.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 语法精讲精练 名词性从句用法名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。高考常从连接词的选择、语序、语气、时态等方面来考查。名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which /whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where /when /why / how / wherever / whenever。第1讲 引导名词性从句的连接词考点1. 引导名词性从句的连接词有哪些有学生认为，引导同位语从句只能用that, 这句话对吗？先看下面几个句子。 I have no question that he will e. I have a question whether he will e I have a question when he will e.我们可以看出：上面三个句子中question后面都是同位语从句，都是说明question的内容的。在句中，同位语从句的原句是陈述句，由that引导；在句中，原句是一般疑问句，由whether引导；在句中，同位语从句的原句是特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词也起着连接作用。其实，所有名词性从句的连接词都有上面的三种情况。宾语从句：I dont know that he will e.I dont know whether/if he will e.I dont know when he will e.表语从句：What I dont know is that he will e.What I dont know is whether he will e.What I dont know is when he will e.主语从句That he will e is obvious.Whether he will e isnt known yet.When he will e isnt known yet.1. 【xx浙江】It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whether2. 【xx全国新课标】It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike. A. howB. whichC. thatD. what3. 【xx山东】It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why 4. 【xx陕西】It remains to be seen _ the newly formed mittees policy can be put into practice.A. thatB. which C. whatD. whether5. 【xx天津】It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. asB. whichC. whetherD. that6. 【xx江西】It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.A. whetherB. whereC. whichD. that考点2. 引导词that的省略问题主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中连词that不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed her hope that they would e to China one day.只有宾语从句中的连接词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that也不能省略：A. 当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略。He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand.B. 当两个名词性从句并列作宾语时，后面的that不能省。Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. C. 当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.7. _ we need more practice is quite clear.A. WhenB. WhatC. ThatD. /8. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A. WhatB. ThatC. ThisD. Which9. 【xx上海】One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. thatB. howC. whatD. why10. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I gotB. because of getting C. I gotD. that I got11. 【2011全国I】The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen12. Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A. whyB. thatC. whenD. where13. I know nothing about the young lady_ she is from Beijing.A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. besides14. Human beings are different from animals _ they can use language as a tool to municate. A. for thatB. in that C. in whichD. for which(如果不理解本题，可以参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。)考点3. whether 与if引导名词性从句时的区别A. 在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether,不能用if。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much money.We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.B. 在宾语从句中whether和if可以互换，但：i. 作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will e back.ii. 后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.C. whether也可与动词不定式连用，但if不能。I have not decided whether to go or not.D. whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用：The question of whether they are male or female is not important.E. whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：Whether he es or not, we will begin our party on time. F. discuss后通常用whether。15. _ you can succeed in the end will mainly depend on _ you do and _ you do it.A. If; what; whyB. Whether; what; howC. Whether; how; whyD. That; whether; how16. 【xx上海】It is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over.A. sinceB. whatC. whenD. whether17. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. whether18. What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. whenB. howC. whetherD. why19. Mr. Hopkins has not yet answered my question _ I can go with him to _ he calls the Underground Treasure House next week.A. that; whichB. that; where C. whether; thatD. whether; what20. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which考点4. question 与doubt 后跟同位语从句时的连接词问题doubt，question用于肯定结构时，后面用whether引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。21. I have no question _ he will succeed.A. whetherB. thatC. whenD. how22. Then I had a question _ a spore（孢子）could quickly get around and form mould (霉菌). A. whyB. thatC. that howD. if23. The question came up at the meeting _ we had enough money for our research. A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whether24. I dont doubt _ hell e.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether25. After three days waiting, there was a little doubt in the mothers mind _ the police could find her lost child.A. howB. thatC. whereD. whether考点5. 名词性从句是复合句时，不要忘了带that (双连接词) 改错: The question was that whether he could get a job at the center. You have no idea that how busy we were those days. It is well known what a person eats causes changes in the body.答案及解析：去掉that,。后面whether本身就起着连接作用。去掉that。 who, how, when, what等本身就有两个作用：作从句的成分；起连接作用。在what前面加that。what只是把主语从句的两个分句连接起来，但其作为一个整体来作主语从句时还需要用that引导。26. Father made a promise _ I passed the exam he would buy me a bike.A. thatB. that ifC. ifD. whether27. It was true _ she did delighted every one of us.A. thatB. whatC. that whatD. that which28. Some language experts think _ we learn language in the same way _ we learn other things, and _ were born with is a general ability to learn and adapt.A. /; /; that whatB. that; which; what C. /; that; what thatD. that; in which; that29. She often thinks of _ she can do more for her motherland.A. whatB. howC. thatD. that how30. At that time I had no idea _ I could hand it to him without being seen.A. ifB. howC. whichD. that howI. 单句改错1. 【xx重庆】One may not agree to the examination system, but at present it is basically the only measure that the teacher and the rest of the world can depend on to decide if or not each of us meets the requirement. 2. If you e or not is up to you. 3. I have no idea if he will e tomorrow. 4. Mysuggestioniswegobybusinsteadofbytrain.5. Athletes are awarded some money is reasonable.6. Everyone knows the fact Taiwan belongs to China.7. He told me he had got used to the life there and he was making progress.8. That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）9. Its uncertain _ he will do tomorrow. 10. _ is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress. 11. _ talks between the two countries are making progress is reported in the newspaper. 12. _ is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two countries are making progress.13. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. 14. There is no doubt _ my friend was not important to them all. III. 写作技能提升15. 【xx上海】一本书是否畅销取决于诸多因素。(Whether. . . )16. 他的成功是因为他为比赛作了充分的准备。（his success, lie in the fact, be well prepared）17. 他近来没有尽最大努力，我们都很清楚。（do ones best, recently, be obvious to）18. 我反对这个工程的原因是，它花费太多的钱，而这些钱应当用来提高当地人们的生活水平。（the reason why is that, to improve the lives of the local people）19. 使我们这个学校特别的是，她的大多数毕业生都被名校录取。（make special, graduate, be admitted to, famous colleges）20. 在我看来，这个公寓很完美，除去窗户稍微有点小外。（personally, perfect, except that）21. 从你们发布在网站的广告我知道，你们学校发展很快，你们想要聘用能说一口流利英语的人。( advertisement/ad, post, website, develop, rapidly, employ, fluently)22. 【2011湖北】他突然想到，第二天上午他有重要的会议要参加。（occur to, conference）23. 【xx上海】将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。( up to)24. 毫无疑问，玩电脑游戏过多对他们的健康有害，对他们的学习有负面影响。（there is no doubt, be harmful to, have a negative effect on）25. 我相信有志者事竟成，成功属于做出不断努力的人。第2讲 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。)第3讲 what, when, where, how, why等引导的名词性从句考点1. what引导的名词性从句that和what的区别：that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词 + 关系代词”即常说的“先行词 + that”。what从句，在功能上相当于一个名词，常译作“的事/话/地方/时间/”，可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。1. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which2. What a different man he is _ he was four years ago.A. from whatB. with what C. from whomD. by whom3. 【xx江苏】What a mess! You are always so lazy!Im not to blame, mum. I am _ you have made me.A. howB. whatC. thatD. who 4. The city is no longer _. A. what it isB. that it used to be C. which it wasD. what it used to be5. Our school is no longer _ it was 10 years ago, _ it was not well equipped. A. what; whichB. that; which C. what; whenD. that; where6. After _ seemed like hours, he came qq 329950885out with a bitter smile.A. whichB. itC. whatD. that 7. The teacher returned after _ seemed to be a long time.A. itB. thatC. whatD. when8. I was close to being killed the other day. A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that9. Generally speaking, _ we have seen seems more believable than _ we have been told.A. what; thatB. what; what C. that; whatD. that; that10. 【2011四川】Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. whyB. howC. whatD. which11. I think that this meal was well worth _ was charged for it.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. how many12. The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.A. howB. afterC. whatD. when13. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. of which14. Mr. Smith told me _ he was doing was important.A. thatB. whyC. what thatD. why what15. 【xx新课标I】Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what考点2. when, where, how, why引导的名词性从句why，的原因；when，的时间；how，的方法；where，的地方16. Do you think it a must for me to try to do everything for my children?No, thats _ youre mistaken; they should do everything on their own.A. whereB. whenC. whatD. that17. 【xx江苏】I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. whereB. howC. whenD. what18. Is this _ we met each other two years ago? A. placeB. place in which C. whereD. place which19. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it.A. there B. where C. there where D. where there20. 【xx全国2】 Have you finished the book?No, Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where21. 【2011山东】 I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. why22. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off?A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where23. 【xx北京】_we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A. WhereB. HowC. WhyD. When24. 【xx天津】The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.A. whereB. howC. whenD. why 考点3. when表示“时候的事情”25. I remember _ this used to be a quiet place.A. whenB. howC. thatD. if26. I remember _ we had our lessons in a shed (小棚子).A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what考点4. 感叹句作名词性从句27. The travelers drank up _ little water there was in the bottles. A. howB. whichC. whatD. that28. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earnsB. how little she earnsC. for little she earnsD. with little she earns29. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. A. thatB. howC. suchD. so30. 【2011北京】The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A. whatB. howC. thatD. whyI. 单句改错1. 【xx全国】So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. 2. 【xx江苏】Leaving him at home all day, we would return at night to hear that hed picked up from the radio in the day. 3. That he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. 4. They do these is because they want to earn some money.(两处错误) II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）5. 【xx上海】Perhaps _my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. 6. 【xx山东】It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 7. Mr. Hopkins has not yet answered my question whether I can go with him to _ he calls the Underground Treasure House next week. 8. 【xx上海】_ makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life.III. 写作技能提升9. 近几年，我们的学校发生了很大的变化，已不再是过去的样子了。（great changes, take place, what it used to be）10. 【xx湖北】事情往往不是它们看上去的那样。(appear)11. 她变化很大，看起来与过去不同了。（change, look different from）12. 过了数小时的样子，他苏醒过来了。（what seemed like hours, e to oneself）13. 如果我们想成功，我们应当相信我们做的事情，相信我们自己。（succeed, believe in what we do, who we are）14. 与我期望的相反，我的英语考试又一次不及格。（contrary to, expect, fail, a second time.）15. 我们得不到的似乎总比我们拥有的好。（seem better than）16. 【xx湖北】由于科技的快速发展，我很难想象我的家乡十年后会是什么样子。（with, cant imagine）17. 你很难想象我在学英语中遇到多么大的困难。（you cant imagine, have difficulty in doing something）18. 我的家乡与过去有多么大的不同啊！（how different, my hometown, what it used to be）第4讲 whatever, whoever, whichever与whenever, wherever, however“连接词 + ever”可分为两类：“连接代词 + ever”： whatever / whichever / whoever （宾格 whomever ）“连接副词 + ever”： wherever / whenever / however 不论是“连接代词 + ever”还是“连接副词 + ever ”，其意义都是“不管 / 无论 + 该连接词的本义”。考点1. “连接代词 + ever”既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语性从句A. 引导名词性从句时，既作主句成分又作从句成分。Whoever smokes here will be punished. （whoever引导主语从句，在主句和从句中都作主语）Beggars will eat whatever they are given. （whatever引导宾语从句，在主句和从句中都作宾语）Whichever he likes will be given to him. （whichever引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语， 在主句中作主语）引导名词性从句不能换为no matter+连接代词。Whatever you say is of no use now.No matter what you say is of no use now.1. I dont believe _ he says now. He is a cheat. A. no matter whatB. everything C. whateverD. how2. _ es to the party will receive a gift.A. No matter whoB. WhoC. Which oneD. WhoeverB. 引导让步状语从句时，可换为no matter+连接代词；Whatever happened，he wouldnt say a word. = No matter what happened, he wouldnt say a word.3. Do _ you think is right, _ difficulties you may have.A. what; howeverB. that; whateverC. whatever; whoeverD. what; whatever4. She liked the ancient Chinese vase so much that she would like to take it, _ it cost. A. how muchB. what C. no matter whatD. how expensive5. 【2011重庆】To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with.A. whicheverB. wheneverC. whoeverD. wherever考点2. “连接副词 +ever ”：只能引导让步状语从句，可以替换为“ no matter + where / when /how ”Wherever he goes (may go)，Ill follow him. = No matter where he goes (may go), Ill follow him.无论他去哪里，我都会跟随他。Whenever I visited him, he was always busy working.= No matter when I visited him, he was always busy working. 无论我什么时候去看他，他总是在忙于工作。6. 【xx山东】_ I have to qq 329950885 give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhoeverD. However 7. No matter _ hard it may be, I will carry it out. A. whatB. whateverC. howD. however8. If we work with a strong will, we can overe any difficulty, _ great it is.A. howB. whatC. howeverD. whatever9. 【xx上海】_ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A. However a serious problemB. What a serious problemC. However serious a problemD. What serious a problem考点3. “连接代词+ever ”和“连接副词+ever ” 都可用于加强语气与原疑问词的意思、用法完全相同，只是表达的语气更为强烈，翻译时可加上“到底；究竟”等。如：Which (ever) do you want to buy ？ 你(究竟)要买哪一个？When (ever) can I enjoy a long vacation？ (究竟)什么时候才能给我放个长假呢？How (ever) did you collect so much money？ 你(到底)是怎样筹到这么多钱的？注意：这种强调的特殊疑问句往往是简单句。如：It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever答案与解析：一些同学可能选B，理解为“这是一个有关到底谁将取得这个职位的问题”。但whoever这类词用于强调时，往往是简单句。所以选A。考点4. whatever与however引导的让步状语从句可省去连系动词whatever省略后面的系动词be, however 省略后面的主语和系动词。The old tower must be restored, whatever the cost. (cost后省略了is)In our pany, every body is well taken care of, no matter what his position (is). 在我们公司，每人都得到很好照顾，不管他地位如何。I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管条件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions后省去了are)Id rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，也不愿意与别人合住一个房间。10. _ reason, you should not have refused his invitation.A. HoweverB. What C. WhateverD. No matter11. 【xx全国I】The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _ the season.A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however12. 【xx浙江】The old tower must be saved, _ the cost. A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. wherever考点5. 不管是引导名词性从句还是让步状语从句，从句都用陈述语序（从句一般都用陈述语序。参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）13. _, his wife will stand at the gate to wait for him to e back.A. However he is lateB. However is he lateC. However late he isD. However late is he14. 【xx上海春】_ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. A. However the weather is like B. However is the weather likeC. Whatever is the weather like D. Whatever the weather is like考点6. 让步状语从句也遵循“主将从现”规则(参看P.错误！未定义书签。)注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词 may / might。Whichever dictionary you（may）take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. Whenever he es back, he will never escape being punished.考点7. 其他考点A. whatever与whichever如果句中明确指出选择对象时，用whichever, 否则用whatever15. 【xx辽宁】The newer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.A. whereverB. howeverC. whateverD. whichever16. 【xx湖南】She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever17. 【xx 陕西】As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.A whateverB. whicheverC. wheneverD. wherever18. 【xx江西】_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. WhoeverB. WhateverC. WhicheverD. WhereverB. whoever与whomever这两个词引导名词性从句时，既可作主句成分，又可作从句成分。用主格（whoever）还是宾格（whomever）关键是要看在从句中作什么成分（在现代英语中，常用 whoever 代替whomever）。如：This prize will be awarded to whoever runs fastest.(whoever虽然在主句中作宾语，但在从句中作主语，看在从句中作的成分，因此要用whoever, 而不用whomever)19. 【xx福建】We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. whomever20. 【xx重庆】To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _ had used the products.A. whoeverB. whoC. whicheverD. which21. 【xx全国I】Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales please?A. whoB. whatC. whoeverD. whatever C. however much work虽然much work是名词短语，但however修饰的是much, 而