2019-2020年高三高考临门一脚物理试卷 含解析.doc

2019-2020年高三高考临门一脚物理试卷 含解析I 语言知识及应用 (共两节, 满分45分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Once, long ago, there was a man who traveled from Persia to India on foot. He had 1 been to India before. When he arrived at a village, he happened upon a fruit stand. In that village, fruit was quite expensive because of the lack of water. The man was looking around at the fruits when he _2_ a big basket of some very red, very long fruit. It was the cheapest fruit in the shop, not expensive at all. _3_ the man walked up to the counter and asked: “How _4_ per kilo?” And the shopkeeper said: “Two rupees.” Two rupees in India is _5_. The man thought to himself: “What a _6_ !” So he bought a whole kilogram of the fruit and began to eat it. But after he tried a few pieces, he screamed: “Oh, my God!” His eyes watered, his mouth burned, and his face turned _7_ . He coughed and choked and gasped for breath. But despite his _8_, he continued to stuff the fruits into his mouth! Onlookers _9_ their heads and laughed. One man yelled: “Youre crazy, man! Those are chilies! People use them as a condiment (佐料). You dont just eat them by the handful like that; theyre not fruit!” But the man replied: “No, I cant _10_ ! I paid money for them, and now Ill eat them. Its my money!”. You probably think this man was pretty _11_ , right? Nevertheless, I bet you or someone you know makes the same mistake on a daily basis. People invest money, time and effort into a relationship, business or job. Even when experience tells them that its not _12_, and they know theres little hope of improvement, they still _13_ because they dont want to waste the initial investment. But this is illogical. It is no different than being the man who continued eating chilies because he didnt want to waste the money hed paid for them. Losing something is difficult, but it is important to _14_ the loss and move on. _15_ youll just keep burning your mouth on hot chilies. 【文章大意】本文叙述了一位男士步行从波斯到印度去，因为他以前没有去过印度，所以当他到达印度的一个村庄时，他看见一种水果，于是就买了一公斤，大口大口地吃起来，结果吃了一会儿，就感觉最辣，咳嗽，脸辣得很红可是他坚持继续吃，他说他已经花钱了不能把钱浪费了，这和人们做生意是一样，因为有前期的投资，不能轻易放弃。1. A. often B. never C. sometimes D. seldom【答案】B【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A. often经常； B. never从不； C. sometimes有时； D. seldom很少。以前他们从来没有（never）来过印度，故选B。2. A. noticed B. watched C. recognized D. selected【答案】A【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. noticed 注意到； B. watched观察； C. recognized认出； D. selected选择。根据The man was looking around 那个人环顾周围的水果这时他注意到有一篮子又红又长的水果，故选A。3. A. Yet B. So C. Still D. Besides 【答案】B【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。A. Yet然而； B. So因此； C. Still仍然；D.Besides 并且。根据It was the cheapest fruit in the shop, not expensive at all. 可知因此（So）这位男士走到水果摊前，故选B。4. A. large B. long C. many D. much【答案】D【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. large 大的； B. long长的； C. many许多，修饰可数名词；D. much许多，修饰不可数名词。多少钱一共斤，当指前的时候用much，故选D。5. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything【答案】B【解析】考查代词及语境的理解。A. something某事，用于肯定句中； B. nothing没有什么； C. anything 一些事情，用于否定句和疑问句； D. everything一切事情。两卢布在印度真没有什么，故选B。6. A. bargain B. trade C. business D. regret【答案】A【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. bargain 交易，讨价还价； B. trade贸易； C. business商业； D. regret后悔。他心想，多么便宜，故选A。7. A. pale B. red C. purple D. yellow【答案】B【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. pale苍白的； B. red红的； C. purple 紫色的；D. yellow黄色。根据his mouth burned可知他的脸变红了，故选B。8. A. fear B. warning C. confusion D. pain【答案】D【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. fear害怕； B. warning警告； C. confusion 困惑；D. pain疼痛。根据He coughed and choked and gasped for breath可知尽管他很疼痛但是他扔然把水果往嘴里塞，故选D。9. A. shook B. raised C. lowered D. nodded【答案】A【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. shook摇晃； B. raised 提高，举起； C. lowered降低； D. nodded点头。根据One man yelled: “Youre crazy, man! Those are chilies!可知路人都向他摇头，故选A。 10. A. believe B. stop C. agree D. confuse【答案】B【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. believe相信； B. stop 停止； C. agree同意； D. confuse使困惑。不，我不能停，因为我花了钱买了它们，故选B。11. A. impolite B. humorousC. awkward D. stupid【答案】D【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. impolite不礼貌的； B. humorous幽默的；C. awkward尴尬的； D. stupid傻的，笨的。根据I bet you or someone you know makes the same mistake on a daily basis. 你可能认为这个人太傻了，是吗?故选D。12. A. changing B. working C. leaving D. helping 【答案】B【解析】考查动名词及语境的理解。A. changing变化； B. working作用， 工作； C. leaving离开； D. helping帮助。 当经验告诉他们那不起作用时，他们仍然抱有一点改善的希望，故选B。13. A. refuse B. worry C. ignore D. continue【答案】D【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. refuse拒绝； B. worry担心； C. ignore 忽视；D. continue继续。他们仍然继续做，因为他们不想浪费最初的投资，故选D。14. A. remember B. improve C. recognize D. protect【答案】C【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. remember记住； B. improve提高； C. recognize认识到，认出； D. protect保护。认识到自己的损失并且继续向前是很重要的，故选C。15. A. Also B. However C. Thus D. Otherwise【答案】D【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A. Also并且； B. However可是； C. Thus 因此；D. Otherwise否则，要不然的话。否则你将继续用辣椒辣你的嘴，故选D。第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的或者括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1625的相应位置上。Who helped you?Charles Plumb was a jet pilot on an aircraft carrier. One day when he was carrying out a mission, he was shot down. The only thing _16_ could save him was his parachute. He landed on the ground _17_ (live), but he was captured and spent 6 years _18_ a prisoner of war. Many years later, he ran into a sailor _19_ was working on the same aircraft carrier. Plumb learned that _20_ was he who had packed his parachute at that time. This meeting made Plumb _21_ (sleep) that night. Though he might have seen the man many times, he never even said “good morning” to him. Plumb, now _22_ (realize) that he had ignored that sailor, felt sorry for himself and for _23_ he had done. Actually, in our lives, many people have helped us go _24_ the hard times and helped us get _25_ we are today.II 阅读 (共两节；满分50分)第一节 阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 AA woman renewing her drivers license at the County Clerks office was asked to state her occupation. She hesitated, uncertain how to classify herself. “What I mean is,” explained the recorder, “do you have a job, or are you just a ”“Of course I have a job,” said Emily. “Im a mother.”“We dont list mother as an occupation housewife covers it,” said the recorder.One day I found myself in the same situation. The clerk was obviously a career woman, confident and possessed of a high sounding title“What is your occupation?” she asked. The words simply popped out. “Im a Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations.”The clerk paused, ballpoint pen frozen in midair.I repeated the title slowly, and then I stared with wonder as my statement was written in bold, black ink on the official questionnaire.“Might I ask,” said the clerk with new interest, “Just what you do in this field?”Coolly, without any trace of panic in my voice, I heard myself reply, “I have a continuing program of research (what mother doesnt）, in the lab and in the field (normally I would have said indoors and out). Of course, the job is one of the most demanding in the humanities (any mother care to disagree?), and I often work 14 hours a day (24 is more like it). But the job is more challenging than most careers and rewards are more of a satisfaction rather than just money.”There was an increasing note of respect in the clerks voice as she pleted the form, stood up, and showed me out. As I drove into our driveway, buoyed up (依托) by my glamorous new career, I was greeted by my lab assistants-ages 13, 7, and 3.Upstairs I could hear our new experimental model (a 6 month old baby), in the child-development program, testing out a new vocal patternI felt proud! I had gone on the official records as someone more distinguished and indispensable (不可缺少的) to mankind than “just another mother.”MotherhoodWhat a glorious career! Especially when theres a title on the door.【文章大意】一位名叫埃米莉的妇女在县办事处给驾驶执照续期时，一名女记录员问及她的职业。她犹豫了一下，不敢肯定应如何将自己归类。作者也曾遇见过这种问题，她随口回答“我是儿童发育和人类关系研究院”，这样的回答使他们大吃一惊。26. What can we infer from the conversation between the woman and the recorder at the beginning of the passage?A. The woman felt ashamed to admit what her job was.B. The recorder was impatient and rude.C. The author was upset about the situation that mothers faced.D. Motherhood was not recognized and respected as a job by society.【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。由第四段对话中的“We dont list mother as an occupation. . . housewife covers it. . . ”可知。故选D。27. How did the female clerk feel at first when the author told her occupation?A. curious B. puzzled C. indifferent D. interested【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据The clerk paused, ballpoint pen frozen in midair.她感觉很困惑，故选B。28. How did the author feel when describing her job to the clerk?A. calm B. panic-stricken C. confident D. cool【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第十段中的Coolly, without any trace of panic in my voice可以看出作者在介绍自己的职业时沉着冷静。故选A。29. Why did the woman clerk show more respect for the author?A. Because the author cared little about rewards.B. Because she admired the authors research work in the lab.C. Because she thought the author did admirable work.D. Because the writer did something she had little knowledge of.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据“我”对工作的叙述可以看出，这个办事员认为“我”所从事的工作是令人羡慕的。故选C。30. What is the authors purpose of writing the passage?A. To show how you describe your job affects your feelings toward it.B. To argue that motherhood is a worthy career and deserves respect.C. To show that the author had a grander job than Emily.D. To show that being a mother is hard and boring work. 【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。由文章的前半部分可知，很多人不认为motherhood是种职业，但是“我”对此感到自豪，由此可见，作者写这篇文章的目的是讨论motherhood是一项值得尊敬的职业。故选B。BLIPITORABOUT LIPITORLipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise，it lowers “bad” cholesterol (胆固醇)in your blood. It can also raise “good” cholesterol.Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several mon risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking. WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?Who can take LIPITOR：People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise. Adults and children over 10Who should NOT take LIPITOR?Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may bee pregnant. Lipitor may harm your unborn baby. Women who are breastfeeding. Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.People with liver problems.POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITORSerious side effects in a small number of people：Muscle problems that can lead to kidney problems，including kidney failure.Liver problems. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start. Call your doctor right away if you have. Unexplained muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very tired.Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing.Stomach pain.Some mon side effects of LIPITOR are：Muscle pain, Upset stomach, Changes in some blood testsHOW TO TAKE LIPITOR：Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.Try to eat hearthealthy foods while you take Lipitor.Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，wait. Take the next dose at your regular time. Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.【文章大意】本文为药品说明，主要介绍了药品Lipitor的作用、适用人群、副作用及服药的相关注意事项。31. What is a major function of Lipitor?A. To help quit smoking.B. To control blood pressure.C. To improve unhealthy diet.D. To lower “bad” cholesterol.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据 “Along with diet and exercise，it lowers “bad，cholesterol(胆固醇)in your bloodIt can also raise “good cholesterol. ”可以推断出答案。故选D。32. Taking Lipitor is helpful for _.A. breastfeeding womenB. women who are pregnantC. adults having heart diseaseD. teenagers with liver problems【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据 “Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several mon risk factors，including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smoking. ”和 “Adults and children over l0”可以判断选C。33. If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should _.A. change the amount of your next doseB. eat more when taking your next doseC. have a dose as soon as you rememberD. take the next dose at your regular time【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据 “If you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，waitTake the next dose at your regular time. ”可以得出答案D。34. Which of the following is a mon side effect of taking Lipitor?A. Face swelling.B. Upset stomach.C. Kidney failure.D. Muscle weakness.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据 “Some mon side effects of LIPITOR are：Muscle pain, Upset stomach, Changes in some blood tests”可以引起肚子疼， 可以得出答案B。35. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To teach patients ways for quick recovery.B. To present a report on a scientific research.C. To show the importance of a good lifestyle.D. To give information about a kind of medicine.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意。文章先总体介绍药品Lipitor的作用，接着介绍药品的适用人群及不适用人群，然后介绍药品的副作用，最后介绍服药的注意事项，由此可以判断选D项。CLooking through a magazine in a waiting room recently, I came across an article with the title “My top five most precious possessions”It was just a few lines of text with pictures, but it caught my imagination. Its interesting how inanimate(无生命的) objects can take on such significance and bee woven into a persons, and sometimes a whole familys life history.Anyway, the article had me considering what my most precious possessions are. It was difficult to choose only five, but here are mine: An old cardboard box filled with my childrens baby photos.A yellow pocketsized birthday book of special things (poems, pictures of flowers and trees, etc) given to me by my dad when I was probably about seven or eight years old.A 21st Birthday card from my mum. In it shes written her congratulations, her love, and her hopes for my future. She died not long after, when I was in my early twenties.A few ancient but very beautiful botany books that were once my great grandmothers. She was a botanist in a time when it was relatively unusual for women to be qualified in this field and I think she was probably a remarkable and very interesting woman. Id like to have known her.A brooch(胸针) left to me by my muchloved grandmother. It was given to my great grandmother (her mother) by my great grandfather on his return from World War I. It is not worth anything in terms of money. However, it not only stands for a link between four generations of women, but it is also a reminder of one young mans return from World War I.How about you? Id love to hear what you feel are your most precious possessions.【文章大意】本文为记叙文，作者介绍了自己生命中最珍贵的五样东西及有关的故事。36. What made the writer have the idea of writing the passage?A. Her love for her relatives.B. Her rich imagination about the objects.C. An article in a magazine.D. Some pictures in an article.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Looking through a magazine in a waiting room recently, I came across an article with the title “My top five most precious possessions”It was just a few lines of text with pictures, but it caught my imagination.可知在杂志上的一篇文章让作者有写这篇文章的想法，故选C。37. According to the passage, the writer _.A. lost her mother at the age of 26B. was a mother of several childrenC. got the yellow birthday book at 8D. studies botany well when she was young【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据An old cardboard box filled with my childrens baby photos.作者是几个孩子的母亲，故选B。38. The writer considered her grandmother remarkable and interesting because she _.A. wrote a large number of botany booksB. left the writer some ancient but beautiful botany booksC. was unusually famous for her achievementsD. could bee a botanist in the special time【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据She was a botanist in a time when it was relatively unusual for women to be qualified in this field and I think she was probably a remarkable and very interesting woman.她有可能成为一个植物学家，故选D。39. How many reasons made the writer think the brooch was one of her most precious possessions?A. One. B. Two.C. Three. D. Four.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据However, it not only stands for a link between four generations of women, but it is also a reminder of one young mans return from World War I.可知有两个原因，故选B。40. In the writers opinion, something that is thought to be the most precious should be able to _.A. change a persons and even the whole familys life historyB. have a great effect on one persons lifeC. remind somebody of his or her close relativesD. show a persons love and respect for his or her relatives【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据Its interesting how inanimate(无生命的) objects can take on such significance and bee woven into a persons, and sometimes a whole familys life history.再结合作者对她是五样最珍贵的东西的描述可判断应选A。DA few years ago, I took a sightseeing trip to Washington，D.C. Standing outside the Ronald Reagan Center, I heard a voice say, “Can you help me？” When I turned around, I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand extended (伸展)In a natural reflex (反射), I reached into my pocket, pulled out all of my loose change and placed it on her hand without even looking at her. I was annoyed at being bothered by a beggar. But the blind woman smiled and said, “I dont want your money. I just need help finding the post office.”In an instant, I realized what I had done. I judged another person simply for what I assumed she had to be. I hated what I saw in myself. This incident reawakened my belief in humility (谦恭), even though Id lost it for a moment.The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am an immigrant. I left Honduras and arrived in the US. at the age of 15. I started my new life with two suitcases, my brother and sister, and a strong, seriousminded mother. Through the years, I have been a dishwasher, mechanic and pizza delivery driver among many other humble jobs, and eventually I became a network engineer.In my own life, I have experienced many open acts of prejudice. I remember a time, at age 17, I worked as a waiter, and I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well in school, he would end up like me. I have also witnessed the same treatment of my family and friends, so I know what its like, and I should have known better.But now, living in my American middleclass lifestyle, it is too easy to forget my past, to forget who I am and where I have been, and to lose sight of where I want to be going. That blind woman on the streets of Washington，D.C., cured me of my blindness. She reminded me of my belief in humility and to always keep my eyes and heart open. By the way, I helped that lady to the post office. And in writing this essay, I hope to thank her for the priceless lesson.【文章大意】一位上了年纪的女盲人在街头向作者求助，作者却想当然地认为她是在乞讨。作者羞愧难当，经深刻反省后，端正了自己的思想认识。41. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_.A. the author regretted his act of prejudiceB. the blind woman needed the money badlyC. the author was as poor as the blind womanD. the author was a native American【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据In an instant, I realized what I had done. I judged another person simply for what I assumed she had to be.再结合第四段的acts of prejudice.可知作者知道自己错了，不该带着偏见行事，瞧不起穷人。故选A。42. According to Paragraph 4, hearing the fathers words, the author was probably_.A. rather hurt B. very excited C. deeply moved D. greatly inspired 【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据I remember a time, at age 17, I worked as a waiter, and I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well in school, he would end up like me.可知当时那个小孩子爱的父亲把作者当