2019-2020年高考英语（四月）阅读理解、完形填空课外练（4）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语（四月）阅读理解、完形填空课外练（4）阅读理解【xx江西省九江市高三年级模拟考试】Many people think of the brain as a mystery.They dont know much about intelligence and how it works.When they do think about what intelligence is，many people believe that a person is born smart，average，or dumband stays that way in the whole life.But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscleit changes and gets stronger when you use it.And scientists have been able to show just how the brain grows and gets stronger when you learn.Everyone knows that when you lift weights，your muscles get bigger and you get stronger.A person who cant lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time.Thats because the muscles bee larger and stronger with exercise.And when you stop exercising，the muscles shrink and you get weaker.Thats why people say “Use it or lose it！” But most people dont know that when they practice and learn new things，parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise.Inside the cortex (皮层) of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells，called neurons.The nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a plicated networkmunication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems.When you learn new things，these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger.The more you challenge your mind to learn，the more your brain cells grow.Then，things that you once found very hard or even impossible to dolike speaking a foreign language or doing algebra (代数)seem to bee easy after learning them for a period of time.The result is a stronger，smarter brain.Scientists started thinking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals brains.They found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more “perspicacious”they were better at solving problems and learning new things.1. According to the first paragraph，_.Athe function of our brain is like that of the muscleBuntil now its impossible to explain the brains mysteryCmany people believe ones intelligence is naturally determinedDones brain grows stronger as the age increases2Training muscles is pared to_.Ausing the brainBconnecting things in your brainClifting weightsDdoing research about the brain3What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AThe plex structure of the brain.BHow changes in the muscles affect the brain.CThe importance of the brain.DHow the brain bees stronger by learning new things.4What does the underlined word “perspicacious” in the last paragraph probably mean?AStrong.BSmart.CPopular.DActive.5The following paragraph will most probably talk about_.Athe differences between animals brains and humans brainsBthe relation between human brains and musclesCscientists findings about animals brainsDhow to make your brain smarter through selfdevelopment语篇解读科学研究发现，经常学习能促进大脑的发育，正如经常锻炼能使肌肉更强健一样。1解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“many people believe that a person is born smart，average，or dumband stays that way in the whole life.”可知C项正确。答案：C2解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscleit changes and gets stronger when you use it.”可知答案。答案：A3解析：考查段落大意。本段详细描述了大脑如何通过练习和学习新事物而发生变化，从而变得更敏捷。答案： D4解析：考查词义猜测。根据破折号后面的“they were better at sloving problems and learning new things”可知，该词应为“敏锐的”之意。答案：B5解析：考查推理判断。最后一段提出科学家是从研究动物的大脑得出的结论，因此下一段最可能进一步描述这些研究成果。答案：C.阅读理解。A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts (气锋) to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or being shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity (强烈). They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a summary picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for development of air masses, fronts and storms.Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions, with identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological（气象）stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies.6. One characteristic of weather maps NOT mentioned by the author in this passage is _A. floods B. frontsC. temperature changes D. frosts7. The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining _A. daily weather maps B. upper air levelsC. satellite reports D. changing fronts8. The observation of weather conditions by satellites is helpful because it _A. is modern B. uses electronic instrumentsC. makes weather prediction easier D. shows things that would otherwise take hours to describe in a few minutes9. A weather map is a summary because it _A. sums up a great deal of information B. appears dailyC. shows changing fronts D. is a science book10. You may possibly read this article in _A. a magazine B. newspaper C. a novel D. a science book【参考答案】610、CBDAD完形填空I was born with cerebral palsy(大脑性瘫痪)and did not walk until after I was two years old. Although my condition was relatively mild and I1quite well, I faced many challenges. I was regularly chosen last for a baseball team when school children were organizing a2. I never learned how to ice-skate. It took me forever to learn to3a bike, and my knees and elbows were always injured in the process. Even so, I was a4boy and was well liked by my peers throughout elementary school. The most5time came when I began high school. I6up for the cross-country track and field team. My7had always been poor, and a slight push would send me flying to the dirt. Over the first few days other runners noticed my poor pace and would knock me8balance as they lapped me on the track. To the9of some, I was forced to get up several times. They10me about my poor performance and made me the target of their one-sided fight. But I was never a11. I stayed with track and field even though the harassment(骚扰)at the track12. One day in early October, we had unexpected snow and freezing rain. The track team was allowed to13indoors. I borrowed the stopwatch from the coach and14my time on the track. As the other kids exercised in the gym, they couldnt help but notice the one15runner dragging through freezing rain on the snow-covered track. The next week, the weather returned to normal, and outdoor training continued. The harassment, 16, did not. Each time a member of the track team passed me, he would offer a few words of17. “Keep going, pal. ”“Dont give up, bro. ”“You can do it, buddy. ”At the end of that month, I was voted“athlete of the month”and was presented with a certificate. I earned their18. Now whenever I despair, Ill19myself that challenges are not overe by force, but rather by determination and a sincere20in the natural goodness of others. 【文章大意】从小患有大脑性瘫痪的作者面临许多挑战, 并最终赢得他人尊重, 这使他明白了这样一个道理: 挑战不是通过武力克服的, 而是通过意志和对别人善良天性的真诚信任。1. A. managedB. workedC. behavedD. remained【解析】选A。考查对上下文语境的理解。由于作者病得不重, 所以设法应对得很好。work工作; behave表现; remain剩余, 逗留。2. A. partyB. tripC. gameD. meeting【解析】选C。考查常识。选拔棒球队员自然是为组织比赛。3. A. pushB. rideC. fixD. make【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解。由后半句my knees and elbows were always injured in the process可知应该是花了很长时间才学会骑(ride)自行车。4. A. cleverB. kindC. luckyD. happy【解析】选D。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据后半句was well liked by my peers throughout elementary school可知作者很快乐。5. A. difficultB. importantC. enjoyableD. critical【解析】选A。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据文章第一段I faced many challenges并结合本段内容可知。6. A. raisedB. carriedC. pickedD. signed【解析】选D。考查固定搭配。sign up for为固定搭配, 意为“报名”。7. A. eyesightB. judgementC. balanceD. behavior【解析】选C。考查对上下文语境的理解和词语复现。由于作者患大脑性瘫痪, 轻轻一推就可以让他摔倒, 所以他的平衡不好。下文Over the first few days other runners noticed my poor pace and would knock mebalance as they lapped me on the track. 也有提示。8. A. offB. withC. inD. on【解析】选A。考查介词辨析。off偏离; with具有; in在里; on在上。9. A. excitementB. amusementC. contentmentD. astonishment【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解和名词辨析。根据Over the first few days other runners noticed my poor pace and would knock mebalance as they lapped me on the track. 可知他们是故意拿“我”取乐。amusement取乐, 消遣; excitement兴奋; contentment满意; astonishment惊奇。10. A. toldB. teasedC. warnedD. questioned【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。tease取笑, 戏弄; tell告诉; warn警告; question质问。11. A. quitterB. runnerC. fighterD. beggar【解析】选A。考查对上下文语境的理解。由下句I stayed with track and field可知“我”没有放弃。12. A. appearedB. stoppedC. increasedD. continued【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。尽管骚扰还在继续, 我依然没有离开。continue继续; appear出现; stop停止; increase增加。13. A. restB. studyC. trainD. play【解析】选C。考查词语复现。由下文The next week, the weather returned to normal, and outdoor training continued. 可知。14. A. organizedB. improvedC. wastedD. enjoyed【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解和动词辨析。根据下句As the other kids exercised in the gym, they couldnt help but notice the onerunner dragging through freezing rain on the snow-covered track. 可知作者不顾雪天和冷雨继续练习以提高自己的时间。improve改进, 提高; organize组织; waste浪费; enjoy喜欢。15. A. weakB. hardC. braveD. lone【解析】选D。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据前半句As the other kids exercised in the gym可知作者只身一人在户外训练。16. A. moreoverB. thereforeC. howeverD. though【解析】选C。考查对上下文语境的理解和副词辨析。根据“Keep going, pal. ”“Dont give up, bro. ”“You can do it, buddy. ”可知。however然而; moreover而且; therefore因此; though尽管。17. A. praiseB. encouragementC. fortD. congratulation【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解和常识。“Keep going, pal. ”“Dont give up, bro. ”“You can do it, buddy. ”显然是鼓励的话语。18. A. attentionB. trustC. thanksD. respect【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。earn ones respect赢得某人的尊重。respect尊重; attention注意; trust信任; thanks感谢。19. A. promiseB. blessC. remindD. inform【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。remind提醒; promise许诺; bless祝福; inform通知。20. A. faithB. loveC. interestD. pride【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。此句意为“现在无论何时我绝望时, 我都提醒自己挑战不是通过武力克服的, 而是通过意志和对别人善良天性的真诚信任。”faith信任; love爱; interest兴趣; pride自豪。