2019-2020年高中英语 语法讲解 新人教版必修1.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 语法讲解 新人教版必修1什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（plement）。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一： （主谓）二： （主系表）三： （主谓宾）四： （主谓间宾直宾）五： （主谓宾宾补）基本句型 一： （主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We e. （不及物动词） 1. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。2. The machine doesnt work. 机器不运转啦。3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。基本句型 二： （主系表）系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, bee, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 （是系动词） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。 4 His face turned red. 他的脸红了。There be 结构： There be 表示存在有。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词there那里混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词那里。 基本句型 三： （主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 （及物动词） 1. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？ 2. He has refused to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。3. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。4. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。基本句型 四： （主谓间宾直宾）接双宾语的动词有give，pass，bring，show等。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please. （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。3. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片4. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 （及物） （宾语） （宾补） 1. They found the house deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。2. What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？3. We saw him out. 我们送他出去4. He asked me to e back soon. 他要我早点回来。5个基本句型之外，会有些成分修饰主语或宾语，这些为定语一、 定语：（1）定义：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。（2）位置：名词之前。若修饰不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语后置。(3) 词类： 形容词作定语：The little boy needs a blue pen. (little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。代词或名词所有格作定语：One of the boys likes Toms pen. 这群男孩中的一个需要Tom的钢笔。 介词短语作定语：The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。 分词（短语）作定语：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要 定语从句：(1). I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.(2). In the corner there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper. 句子成分练习题( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（2分， 2分钟）There is an old man ing here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（5分， 5分钟） I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homeworkWhat I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（3分，3分钟） My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.(四) 挑出下列句中的表语（4分， 4分钟） The old man was feeling very tired. The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject.She was the first to learn about it.(五) 挑出下列句中的定语（4分，4分钟） I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（3分， 3分钟） She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. (七) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分， 5分钟） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?定语从句小复习先行词：定语从句的引导词前面的被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。关系词：成分所指关系词主语指人who/that指物which/that宾语指人(whom/who/that)指物(that/which)定语指人whose + 名词/=the + 名词of whom指物whose + 名词/=the + 名词of which状语 when/where/why/ 介词+which/whom the way引导的方式状语用(that/in which 或省略) (1)把下列各组句子合并成一句。 定语从句1. This is the tree. He was climbing it yesterday. 2. The girl is not here now. She told me the news. 3. The house is our library. Its door is painted red. 4. I always remember the days. We spent them together. (2).单选 1. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whom C. which D. /2. This is one of the articles that _ written by him. A. wasB. were C. isD. are3. Dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been _. A. /, toB. that, / C. where, to D. which, there4. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. what B. which C. as D. /5. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. which B. where C. in whichD. what6. Is this museum _ they visited last month? A. thatB. whichC. where D. the one 7. I sat next to a girl _ name was Diana. A. whoB. whom C. which D.whose背诵且默写：1. Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected. 翻译_2.Eric 跑进来，后面跟着一只狗，狗走得很慢。翻译_3. Maybe, but now that he has been so rude to us, I feel like we have to punish him or he wont respect us. （以上是课本2223页的句子）翻译 _4.很多青少年感到很孤单，似乎没有人能理解他们和他们所经历的变化。（以下句子能在课本38页找到） 翻译_5. Since teenagers have difficulty (in) balancing these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in society. (Line 24-25 Page 38)翻译_6. 好消息是这样的成长烦恼不会持续太久。（Line 27 Page 38）翻译_单元Unit 1 重点单词与短语1. Going to a British high school for one year was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ( 动名词 做主语谓语动词用单数) experience (可数名词)经历;(不可数名词)经验 v.体验 2. mean to do sth./ mean doing sth. _/_3.(1)devote oneself to doing sth._ (2) achieve high grades _4. It was a struggle for sb. to do sth. _5. as heavy as 跟一样重 as well as _ as much as _6. give sb. encouragement _ 7. (1)during the lunch break _ (2) during break times8.spend time/money _ doing sth. / _ sth. 9. prepare to do sth./ for sth. _ 10.look back on _11.upon doing _ eg: Upon arriving home, he have a dinner. 12. donate the book _ the library _13.regret to do sth./ regret doing sth. _ 14.run a farm _ 15. approve the idea / of the opinion _16.much more than _ 17.告知某人某事 _ 18.毕业后_ 19. 被要求做某事_ eg.Tom被要求8点到校。-_ 20. so.that_ 他如此之友好以至于我都感动啦。21. be in charge of / be in the charge of _/_ 22. 做出决定 _单元 unit 2 重点单词与短语1. 比预期的/跟预期的一样_ 2. followed by./ walking slowly做伴随状语(doing表主动 done 表被动) 3._ to do with it/ _to deal with it 怎样处理这件事情 4.with +宾语+ 宾语补足学生出了校门，手上带着本书。_ 5. have sth. done_ have sb. do sth. _ 6. tolerate _ 7.not any more/no more _ 8.instead of sth. _9. now that _ 10. 尊重某人_ 11.对感到自豪_ 12. 徒劳的_ 13.handle _ - 14.坚持做某事_15.waste time in _(watch) DVDs and _(listen) to foreign music 16.prevent doing sth._ 17.suggest (建议;暗示)+ones doing18.禁止某人做某事_ 19. go through _ 20.He along with you _(be) from China. 21.bee confused with _22.have difficulty (in)_(balance) these needs. _单元Unit 1 重点单词与短语1. 去英国中学学习一年是件非常有趣和令人激动的事。2. 打算做某事/意味着3.(1)doing/ 致力于 (2) 获得好成绩4. 对某人来说，是件难事5. as well as 和；也；跟一样好 as much as 多达6. give sb. encouragement _给某人鼓励_ 7. (1)during the lunch break _在午饭休息时间_ (2) during break times 课间休息时间8.spend time/money _in_ doing sth. / _on_ sth. 9. prepare to do sth./ for sth. _准备做某事_ 10.look back on _回忆_11.upon doing _一.就_ eg: Upon arriving home, he have a dinner. 12. donate the book _to_ the library捐献书本给图书馆13.regret to do sth./ regret doing sth. _后悔去做某事/后悔做过某事 14.run a farm 经营 15. approve the idea / of the opinion 批准/赞同16.much more than 不仅仅是_ 17.告知某人某事 inform sb. of sth. _ 18.毕业后_after graduation_ 19. 被要求做某事be required to do sth. eg.Tom被要求8点到校。-Tom was required to go to school at 8 pm. 20. so.that_ 他如此之友好以至于我都感动啦。He was so friendly that I was moved.21. be in charge of / be in the charge of _负责_/_由来负责_ 22. 做出决定 _make decisions_单元 unit 2 重点单词与短语1. 比预期的/跟预期的一样_than expected/as expected_ 2. followed by./ walking slowly做伴随状语(doing表主动 done 表被动) 3._what_ to do with it/ _how_ to deal with it 怎样处理这件事情 4.with +宾语+ 宾语补足学生出了校门，手上挥动着书本。_He get out of the school with a book waving in his hand 5. have sth. done让某事被做have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 6. tolerate 忍受 7.not any more/no more 不在 8.instead of sth. 代替9. now that 既然 10. 尊重某人show respect for/ respect sb. 11.对感到自豪be proud of 12. 徒劳的for nothing 13.handle 处理 14.坚持做某事insist on doing 15.waste time in watching (watch) DVDs and listening (listen) to foreign music 16.prevent doing sth._阻止做某事_ 17.suggest (建议;暗示)+ones doing 建议某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth.18.禁止某人做某事forbid sb. from doing / to do sth. 19. go through 体验;经历 20.He along with you_ is (be) from China. 21.bee confused with 对某事感到困惑的 22.have difficulty (in)_balancing (balance) these needs. 在保持这些平衡存在困难