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Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries Grammar 表示转折关系和让步关系的连词和副词,【探究寻规】 选择适当的连词填空。 however although/though while but 1. Norway is at the top of the list, _ the US is at number 7. 2. The report shows that we are making some progress_ that we need to make greater efforts. 3. _ developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. 4. _ difficult the task is, they wont give up. 5. Child_ he is, he has to work to support his family.,while,but,Although/Though,However,though,*He is a hard-working but not very intelligent boy. 他是个用功但不是很聪明的孩子。 *It is cold in winter here, but it is not hot in summer. 这里冬天很冷，但是夏天不热。 *His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind. 他最初的反应是不同意，可是后来他改变了主意。 *You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before. 不管以前做得多么好，你应该始终争取更大的进步。,【总结归纳】,but与however都表示“但是，然而”，都可以引导并列句，但二者用法有些区别。 1. 从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味较however要强。,2. 从语法上看，but是个并列连词，而 however是个连接副词。 3. 从语序上看，but总是位于它所引出的 分句之首，而however却可位于分句之 首、之中或之尾。 4. 从标点上说，but之后一般不使用逗 号，但however则通常用逗号与句子其 他部分分开。,【名师点津】but作连词还可用于 “Im sorry/ Excuse me, but. . . “ 句式中表示歉意，but本身没有意义。 *Im sorry, but it has nothing to do with you. 对不起，不过这和你无关。,【语法精点】 一、基础点拨 1. but和however。,2. although和though。 (1)although和though都是引导让步状语从句的从属连词，意为 “尽管，虽然” ，一般情况下可以互换使用，但although较正式，多用于句首，而though在非正式文体中较为普遍。although和though都不能和并列连词but连用，但可以和yet或still连用(因为yet和still是副词而不是连词)。 *Although/Though he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard. (=He is in poor health, but he works hard. ),(2)though引导让步状语从句时可用部分倒装形式，其用法相当于as，把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。 *Young though/as he is, he is quite experienced. 他虽然年轻，但很有经验。 *Child though/as she was, she was fit for the job. 虽然还是个孩子，她却适合这份工作。 *Much though/as he loved her, he didnt tell her. 尽管他非常爱她，但他并没有告诉她。 *Try though/as I might, I didnt lift the stone. 尽管我试了，我还是搬不动那块石头。,【名师点津】though还可作副词，放在句末，用逗号和主句分开，相当于however, 意为 “然而” 。 *He said he would come, he didnt, though. 他说他要来，结果却没来。,3. while。 while作连词时用法较多，主要有以下几种含义： (1)while用作从属连词引导让步状语从句，表示 “虽然，尽管” ，可与although或though替换，此时while位于句首。 *While Im willing to help, I do not have much time available. 尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有太多可用的时间。 *While the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. 虽然网络很有帮助，但我认为在网上花费大量时间不是个好主意。,(2)while作并列连词表转折，强调前后句的对比关系，意为 “然而” ，此时while不能位于句首。 * In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children. 在一些地方，人们期望女士挣钱而男士在家操持家务和抚养子女。 *He went out for a walk while I stayed at home. 他去散步了，而我却待在家里。,二、难点突破 while，but与however表转折： 1. while是并列连词，强调前后句的对比关系。 2. but表示强烈的转折关系，但不表示对比。 3. however为副词，位于两句话中间，前后用逗号隔开，独立成句。指不管前面所说的如何，总以后面的为正确，含有不可置疑的含义。可用于句首、句中或句末。用逗号与其他部分分开。 *Some people waste food while others havent enough.有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。 * I ought to have helped her，but I never could. 我本该帮她但不能。 *He was feeling bad, however, he went to work.,【高考体验】 如何区别连词： 1. 仔细审读题目，确定语境给出的信息， 把握题目考查的角度。 2. 分析选项，确定选项中连词的类别。 3. 结合语境选出最佳选项。,1. （2013新课标全国卷）I was glad to meet Jenny again, _I didnt want to spend all day with her. A. but B. and C. so D. or 思路分析：选A。考查连词。句意：再次见到珍妮我很高兴，但是我不想一整天都和她待在一起。but但是；and并且，和；so因此；or或者，否则。根据句意可知前后之间是转折关系，所以选A。,2. （2013天津高考）_small, the company has about 1, 000 buyers in over 30 countries. A. As B. If C. Although D. Once 思路分析：选C。考查连词。句意：虽然规模小，但是这家公司在30多个国家大约有1 000家采购商。if如果；once一旦；as因为，虽然，随着；although虽然。as引导让步状语从句时需倒装，故根据句意选C。,3. （2013新课标全国卷）Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery_ another man, also intelligent, fails. A. since B. if C. as D. while 解题关键：前后分句之间的语意关系。 思路分析：选D。考查连词。句意：无从知晓为何一个人会有重大发现而另一个似乎有同样聪慧的人却没能做到。根据句意可知，前后之间是对比转折的关系。while可以表示对比转折，意思是 “然而” 。,4. (2012安徽高考)Queen Elizabeth is often thought to be the richest woman in the world. _, her personal wealth seems rather small. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Altogether 解题关键：前后分句之间的语意关系。 思路分析：选C。考查副词辨析。句意：人们经常认为伊丽莎白女王二世是世界上最富有的女人，可是她的个人财富似乎很少。分析语境可知前面的句子和逗号之后的句子为转折关系，however然而，可是，符合句意，故C项为正确答案。besides此外；otherwise否则，要不然；altogether总之。,5. (2012全国卷)I dont believe weve met before, _ I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless 解题关键：结合句意分析句子结构。 思路分析：选B。考查连词和状语从句。句意: 我认为我们以前没见过面, 尽管我必须承认你看起来确实很面熟。根据句意可知, 前后之间是转折关系。therefore因此; although虽然, 尽管; 但是therefore为副词，不符合句子结构；since自从, 既然; unless除非，不符合句意。所以选B。,6. (2012湖南高考) _I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. A. While B. Once C. If D. Until 解题关键：while引导让步状语从句时要位于句首。 思路分析：选A。考查状语从句。句意: 尽管我总是会感到我能通过考试, 但是我从没有想过我会得个 “优” 。A项while尽管，引导让步状语从句，符合句意；B项once一旦, 曾经，引导时间状语从句；C项if 如果，引导条件状语从句；D项until直到，引导时间状语从句。,7. (2012湖南高考) _hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever 解题关键：however引导让步状语从句的用法。 思路分析：选A。考查状语从句。句意：无论你多么努力地尝试, 在不减少你的食量的情况下很难减肥。however无论如何, 不管怎样, 引导让步状语从句的结构为：however + adj. / adv. +主语+谓语。whatever无论什么样; whichever无论哪一个; whenever无论何时。,8. （2012陕西高考）Hot _the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A. although B. as C. while D. however 解题关键：as引导让步状语从句要使用倒装结构。 思路分析：选B。考查状语从句和倒装。句意: 尽管晚间的空气很热, 我们还是睡得很沉, 因为走了那么长的路程后我们累坏了。句子前半部分为让步状语从句, A项、B项、C项都可表示 “尽管” , 引导让步状语从句, 但此句为倒装结构, 表语hot 提前, 只有as 引导让步状语从句要用倒装语序, although与while 不能用倒装，所以B项符合题意。,. 单项填空 1. (2013景德镇高一检测) He devoted every spare moment to studying English, _ his wife was devoted to music. A. when B. though C. if D. while 【解析】选D。考查连词。句意：他将业余时间致力于学习英语，而他的妻子致力于音乐。根据句意可知前后两句话表示对比，故用while然而。,2. (2013宿州高一检测) If we work with a strong will, we can get over any difficulty, _great it is. A. how B. however C. no matter what D. whatever 【解析】选B。考查连词。句意：如果我们工作时意志坚强，我们可以战胜任何困难，不管它有多大。根据句意可知这是一个让步状语从句，修饰形容词great，要用however。,3. (2013郑州高一检测) _everyone else wouldnt go to the mountain area, he went without a second thought. A. As long as B. While C. In spite of D. Where 【解析】选B。考查连词。句意：尽管没有其他人愿意去山区，但是他毫不犹豫地去了。位于句首引导让步状语从句，表示 “尽管” ，要用while。as long as只要；in spite of不管，是介词短语，不能引导从句；where引导地点状语从句。,4. Young _he is, he devotes every minute to reading the English newspaper. A. though B. although C. while D. however 【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：尽管他年龄很小，他把时间都用在读英语报纸上。分析句子结构可知表语形容词young前置于句首，可知引导句子的连词能用于倒装结构，四个连词都可以引导让步状语从句，但是用倒装结构的只有though。though/as引导让步状语从句时，可提前表语、状语或动词原形。,5. Jeans are popular with teenagers nowadays, _they are not appropriate for a normal party. A. so B. or C. but D. and 【解析】选C。考查并列连词。句意：目前牛仔服很受年轻人的喜欢，但是它们不适合在正式晚会上穿。根据句意可知前后两个分句为转折关系，故用but表示语意的转折。,6. Many people donated a lot of money to the disaster area, thats far from enough,_ . A. however B. though C. but D. yet 【解析】选B。考查副词。句意：许多人向灾区捐了很多钱，然而还远远不够。前后两个分句为转折关系，但是根据空前的逗号可知要填入的为表示转折的副词，排除but，另外however一般用于句首或句中，yet一般不用逗号和句子的其他成分隔开。though作表转折的副词，常位于句中或句末，用逗号隔开，故选B项。,7. She prefers the sofa made of real leather_ it costs more than that made of artificial leather. A. although B. while C. since D. as 【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：她喜欢真皮沙发，尽管真皮沙发的价钱比人造革的沙发贵很多。while引导让步状语从句要位于句首；since由于，既然，不符合句意；as引导让步状语从句时使用倒装结构；故选A项。,8. I thought he would offer to pick me up._ , he even refused me when I asked him to do so. A. In other words B. However C. Whats more D. Otherwise 【解析】选B。考查连词。句意：我认为他会主动开车接我。然而，当我要求他接时他甚至拒绝了。in other words换句话说；however然而；whats more另外；otherwise否则。,9. _our football team failed in the match, we did our best. A. Though B. But C. Because D. As 【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：尽管我们的足球队输了比赛，但是我们都尽力了。though引导让步状语从句，意为 “尽管，虽然” ，符合句意。but但是；because因为；as因为, 当的时候, 作 “尽管” 讲时要用倒装结构。,【变式训练】 _, he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be student 【解析】选B。在由as/though引导的让步状语从句中，可以把名词/动词/形容词/副词提前，形成倒装，如果是可数名词，名词前用零冠词。,10. Although he had to pick up his friend, _he couldnt find time to do it. A. so B. but C. yet D. or 【解析】选C。考查连词。句意：他要去接他的朋友，可是找不到时间去接。although引导让步状语从句不与but连用，但可以和yet或still连用。,. 选用合适的词填空 1. Please keep still _ (while/though) I am taking photos for you. 2. _ (As/While) the task was difficult, we managed to finish it on time. 3. Hearing that he got the first place, he was surprised _ (however/but) happy.,while,While,but,4. At first he insisted that he was right, _ (however/though), he admitted he was wrong at last. 5. Hard _ (although/though) she worked, she still failed again. 6. He promised to come to my party; he didnt, _ (though/but).,however,though,though,Homework,Finish the exercises on Page 73, SB. Exchange the idea about Grammar in this lesson.,
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