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语法指南,动词-ing形式做表语、定语和宾语补足语 1.动词-ing形式做表语 (1)动词-ing形式做表语是用来说明主语的具体内容。在这种情况下,主语和表语通常是对等的关系,可互换位置。 The polices job is keeping public order. 警察的工作就是维护公共秩序。 Keeping the money you pick up is stealing. 留下你捡到的钱就是偷。 注意:不定式和动词-ing形式做表语一般没有多大区别,只是不定式做表语有时表示将来,动词-ing形式做表语表示一般抽象的情况。,语法指南,(2)动词-ing形式做表语是用来表示主语所具有的特征,有的已变成了形容词,主语和表语位置不能互换。 My son is always disappointing,for he never lives up to my hopes. 我儿子总是令人失望,他总是辜负我对他的希望。 The politician is good at lectures and he is very inspiring. 那个政治家很擅长演讲,他很有感召力。,语法指南,2.动词-ing形式做定语 (1)动词-ing形式做定语,表示其动作是所修饰的名词发出的,表示动作正在进行。单个的动词-ing形式做定语时应放在所修饰名词的前面;若是动词-ing短语做定语时,应放在所修饰词之后。 a smiling face一张笑脸 a leading figure一个领导人 动词-ing形式还能构成合成词做定语。例如: an easy-going man一个好相处的人 动词-ing短语做定语,常放在被修饰词的后面,常可以转换成定语从句。 She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai. =She went on board the train which was leaving for Shanghai. 她坐上了去上海的火车。,语法指南,下列句子中的定语从句表示过去发生的动作,不宜改用动词-ing短语做定语。 The man who came to see me just now is my cousin. 刚才来看我的那个人是我表弟。 I have no idea of the accident that has just happened. 我对刚刚发生的事故一无所知。 现在分词做定语时,要注意所表示的动作发生的时间。一般来说,主要有下面两种情况: 表示正在进行的动作(变为从句时需要用进行时态)。 Did you notice the girl talking with your brother? =Did you notice the girl who was talking with your brother? 你注意到正和你弟弟说话的那个女孩了吗?,语法指南,表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在(当时)的状态(变为从句时多用一般时态)。 We live in a room facing the south. =We live in a room that faces the south. 我们住在一间朝南的房间里。 The building standing at the corner of the street was built in 1986. =The building that stands at the corner of the street was built in 1986. 大街拐角处的那座大楼是1986年修建的。 (2)动名词做定语表示该名词的用途 a washing machine=a machine for washing一台洗衣机 a reading room=a room for reading一间阅览室 sleeping pills=pills for sleeping安眠药,语法指南,3.动词-ing形式做宾语补足语 (1)在feel,find,listen to,look at,hear,notice,observe,see,smell等感官动词后表示宾语正在进行的动作,如: We saw a lot of people getting in the rice in the fields. 我们见到很多人正在田里收割稻子。 Dont you see a girl running towards us? 你没看见有个女孩向我们跑过来吗? Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window. 忽然他听见有人在轻轻敲窗子。,语法指南,(2)在get,keep,leave,have,set,catch等动词后表示宾语持续或进行的动作,如: Finally they got the new machine working again. 最后他们又使新机器运转起来了。 His remark left me wondering what he was driving at. 他的话使我摸不清到底是什么意思。 注意:省略to的不定式做宾语补足语,表示动作全过程,即已经发生。 We saw the thief enter the store. 我们看见那小偷进了那家商店。,
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