2019-2020年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列专题06Unit3-Unit5高频词汇分类解读含解析必修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列专题06Unit3-Unit5高频词汇分类解读含解析必修根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2-3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。词汇基础知识狂背：I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇1scene n. (戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色behind the scenes 暗中，秘密地，在幕后(e) on the scene 出现，到场，在场set the scene (为)作好准备，(为)设置舞台2permit vt. 允许，许可nC许可证，执照permission n. U许可，准许，允许permit doing sth. 允许做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事with/without ones permissionwith/withoutthe permission of sb. (不)在某人的允许下3spot vt. 发现，认出；点缀n. 斑点；污点；地点on the spot 当场，当下put sb. on the spot 使某人尴尬，使某人为难hit the spot 满足要求，合口味a scenic/historic spot 风景名胜/古迹be spotted with sth. 满是斑点4account n. 说明；理由；计算；账目；报道vi. & vt. 认为；说明；总计有account for 说明(原因等)；作出解释on account of 由于，因为on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)on any account 无论如何take account oftake.into consideration 考虑keep an account of 记录，记载5seek (sought, sought) vt. & vi. 寻找；探索；追求seek ones fortune追求财富；碰运气seek (after/for) sth. 寻找某物；追求某物seek sth. from sb.向某人寻求某事seek to do sth.(try/attempt to do sth.)试图/企图做某事6harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的harm n&vt. 损伤；伤害harmless adj. 无害的harmlessness n. 无害be harmful to 对有害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is (no) harm in (sb.s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有(无)害处。It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处。mean no harm 没有恶意7.exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活existent adj. 存在的，现存的existence n. 存在，生存There exists/existed.某地有，存在exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生exist by 靠生存e into existence 开始存在；成立bring into existence 使发生，产生8puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂n. 难题；谜puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的答案；开动脑筋be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜be puzzled by 被迷惑9surround vt.&vi.包围，环绕，围绕surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n. (pl.)环境be surrounded with/by. 被环绕/包围in a surrounding area 在周围地区be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings位于优美的环境中10measure n. U 量度，测量，尺寸；C措施 vt.&vi.测量，丈量，计量make clothes to ones own measure 量体裁衣by measure 按尺寸take measures (steps) to do sth.采取措施beyond measure 无法估量，极度，过分be measured in 以来计算11within prep. 在之内；不越出within reach 够得着within sight 在视线范围内within ones power 力所能及within an hour 一小时内within call 在附近；随叫随到within reason 理智地；合理地12border n. 边界；国界；边沿 vt. &vi. 与接壤；接近a border town 边境城市the border of the lake 湖边on the border of 将要，接近于，在的边界上border on sth. 接近某物，毗邻某物；几乎相同；近似13confirm vt. 证实，确认，批准，确定confirmation n. 证实，证明，确定，证明书confirmed adj. 已被证实的；确定的confirm a rumour 证实传闻confirm a theory 证实一种理论confirm the time of arrival 确定到达的时间confirm ones belief 坚定信念confirm a project 批准某个项目confirm a contract 批准合同confirm sb. in office 批准上任14distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；疏远v. 不介入；与疏远distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远in the distance 在远方out of distance from 离太远，达不到keep sb. at a distance 对冷淡，与疏远keep ones distance from 与保持距离distance yourself from 不介入；与疏远（2）短语1bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出拓展：bring about 引起；致使；造成；达成bring along/on 带来bring back 使记起；归还；恢复bring down 使减低；降低；挫伤(傲气)bring forth 产生；产出；生产bring forward 提出；出示；展示bring out 揭露；显示，解释；出版bring to (oneself) 使复苏bring in 引进；引来；赚得2go ahead 前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说；说吧；干吧go ahead with开始做某事ahead of 在 之前；超过press ahead with加紧进行，推行3on the contrary 正相反，反之(表示相反意见)on the other hand 另一方面(说明问题的另一方面)contrary to. 与相反；违反，对抗quite/just the contrary 恰恰相反to the contrary 与此相反地4take a chance冒险；试图做某事；碰运气take a chancetake ones chancetake chancesby chance/accident偶然；碰巧Chances are(that)可能性是There is a slim/slight chance that.不大可能5as for 关于；至于拓展：as for与as to都是介词短语，意思相近，都是“至于，关于；就而言，就来说”之意。as with“与一样”。As to the journey, we must decide about that later.至于旅行，我们必须以后再作决定。6in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来by turns轮流；交替take ones turn轮到某人做了take turns依次；轮班，轮流on the turn正在转变，正在变化out of turn不合时宜地，鲁莽地7prevent.from 阻止；制止stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事protect sb. from.保护某人不受侵袭，挡住，防御keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我们无法外出。(2)protect.from.中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。8cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋cheer sb. up 使某人高兴；使某人振奋cheer on 为加油cheer sb. 为某人喝彩with good cheer 欣然地Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)9break out (战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(无被动语态) 拓展：break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等)break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解break in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等)break into 破门而入，突然起来break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束break through 突破break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束break into pieces 成为碎片10watch out 注意；当心watch out(for) look out (for)密切注意；留神take care 留神，注意be careful 仔细，留神watch it 当心，小心watch over 照看；看守keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视11.settle down 坐下来；定居下来；安静下来；开始过平静、安定的生活；适应起来After years of travelling，he decided to settle down.多年的在外旅行后，他决定定居下来。The teacher told the students to settle down and study thelessons.老师让学生们安静下来，学习功课。Have you settled down in your new job yet？你适应新工作了吗？ 12.go through 通过；穿过；经受；仔细检查；完成The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.那可怜的女孩自从父母过世后历经了许多苦难。She went through the whole room but couldnt find the missing ring.她搜遍了整个房间也没找到失落的戒指。The doctor will go through the operation soon.那位医生很快就要做完手术了。 go over检查，复习 get through通过；完成 13.look over 翻阅；审阅；检查；查看The teacher will look over our test papers tomorrow.老师明天将批改我们的试卷。We looked over several kinds of new cars before deciding.我们查看了好几种新车，最后才决定买哪一辆。14.as/so far as.be concerned“就而言”As far as I am concerned，I cannot object to your marriage.就我个人而言，我不反对你们的婚事。（3）易混易错点拨1. scene/scenery/view/sight(1)scene 指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指 scenery 的一部分，指某处小范围的景色，大多包括景物中的人及活动，可译为“情景”“景色”“场面”“(戏剧)一场”。(2)scenery是总称，指大范围的自然风光，是由多个 scene 构成的景色，常译为“景色”“风景”。(3)view 是指人从一定的角度(或从远处或从高处等)所看到的景象，还有“观点”“看法”等意思。(4)sight是眼睛所看到的景象，可以指美丽的风景，也可以指悲惨的景象，其复数形式 sights 表示“名胜古迹，人文景观”等。用 scene, scenery, view, sight的适当形式填空。(1)As we climbed higher, a wonderful _ opened out before us.(2)The next day we returned to the _ of the accident.(3)The _ of the play is a kitchen.(4)The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking _ in the world.(5)The autumn _ of Beijing is charming.(6)Do you remember the _ in the play where Susan meets Alan for the first time?view scene scene sights scenery scene2. manner/method/way/means这四个词均有“方法；方式”的意思。(1)manner指个人的、独特的或有特色的“方法；方式”，常与in连用。(2)method指合理的或系统的“方法”，包括抽象的观念和具体的步骤，如为完成教学、调查、医疗等各项工作而采取的一系列步骤或方法，常与with连用。(3)means指为达到某种目的而采取的“手段”或“方法”，常与by连用。(4)way为普通用语，可以代替method, manner或means，但why更富有表达力，常与in连用。 应用2(1)He invented a new _ of teaching English.(2)I dont like his _ of walking.(3)There is/are no _ of getting there.(4)You can finish it by this _.(5)There are a lot of _ to make friends.、method manner means means ways3. unlike/dislike/alike/likely(1)unlike prep.不同；不像(2)dislike vt. 不喜欢(3)alike adj. 相似的，同样的(4)likely adj. 很可能发生的，有希望的应用1用 unlike, dislike, alike, likely的适当形式填空：(1)The twins look very much _.(2)_ his brother, he _ playing football.(3)We all think he is _ to win.alike Unlike dislikes likely4. pull/drag/draw(1)pull是普通用语，指一时或突然用力拉，与push相对。有时可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向。(2)drag是指“拖”“拉”着笨重的物体擦着地面，缓慢而费力地拖、拉动作。(3)draw是指“拖”“拉”的物体向自己所在的方向移动，而且拖、拉的动作是从容的、不太费劲的。 应用2(1)She _a truck out from under the bed.(2)_ the door open. Dont push it.(3)_ your chair up to the table.(4)The ants are _ pieces of corn.dragged Pull Draw pulling5. in time/at a time/at one time/on time/in no time/at times/at no timein time及时；总有一天；终于on time按时at one time曾经，一度at a time一次，同时at times有时at no time决不，在任何时候都不in no time立刻，马上(1)This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, but it will disappear _.(2)_ she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of working at night put her off.(3)They ran all the way to the corner just _ to catch the bus.in no time At one time in time(4)My honey, life is very difficult and cruel _. Wipe your tears.(5)Deal with your questions separately, one _.(6)Be sure to be _. The meeting is very important.(7)_ will we give up.at times at a time on time At no timeII.重点句型背诵 (1)“find oneself宾语补足语”，意为“(突然)发现自己”。When he came to, he found himself in a deserted island. 他醒来后，发现自己在一个荒凉的岛上。On hearing this, I found myself in an embarrassing position. 听到这后，我突然发现自己处在很尴尬的境地。(2)find oneself doing sth. 突然发现或惊奇地发现自己在做某事，表示吃惊或不相信等情感。Dick found himself walking in the direction of Mikes place. 迪克突然发现自己在朝迈克家的方向走去。When he came to, he found himself lying in the hospital.他醒来后，发现自己躺在了医院里。(3)find oneself done (突然)发现自己被；不知不觉中发现自己被Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys.然后我就发现自己已被六个男孩围住了。（4）had just done.when.刚做完某事，这时be doing.when.正在做这时be about to do.when.正要做这时be on the point of doing.when.正要做这时I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called.他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。(5)whenever, wherever, however 引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter when/where/how。(6)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever 既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于 no matter what/who/which/whom。(7)“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。(8)however 的用法主要有以下三点需要注意：用做连接副词，相当于 no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样；无论如何”，具体结构为：however形容词/副词主语谓语。例如：However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money.无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱。用做连词，表示“不管用什么方法”。however 还可作“然而”讲，是副词，不能引导从句，常用逗号隔开。 (9)whichever, whatever 在句中还可做定语。Eat whichever cake you like.你可以吃任何一块你想吃的蛋糕。（10）it做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。He thinks it his duty to help others.他认为帮助别人是他的职责。He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.他把每天早晨6点起床作为一项规定。We consider it no use going to the seaside.我们认为去海边没用处。We all consider it a pity that you didnt e to the party.我们都认为你没有来参加聚会很遗憾。I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们说话时嘴里有满满的东西。You may depend on it that were honest.你可以相信我们是诚实的。拓展：it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。(1)Itsadj.for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是的。(2)Itsadj.of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事(3)Its/was/.who/that.是某人/某物做(4)It is/was the序数词timethat.主语have/had done.这是某人第次做(5)It is (high) time that.主语did/should do.是该做的时候了。(6)Its said/reported/believed/announced that.据说/据报道/据猜测/据称(7)Its a pity/a shame/a wonder.that.可惜/遗憾/奇怪的是(8)It happens/appears/seems that. 恰巧/看来/好像(9)It looks/seems as if. 看起来好像(10)Its up to sb. to do. 该某人做了倍数的表达方式有：(1)“A倍数形容词或副词的比较级thanB”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。(2)“A倍数as形容词或副词的原级asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(3)“A倍数the size/height/length/width, etc.ofB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。(4)“A倍数what从句”，表示“A是的多少倍”。Asia is four times as large as Europe.The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.Asia is four times the size of Europe.Asia is three times larger than Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍)。Our total ine of 1994 was double that of 1992.我们1994年的总收入是1992年的两倍。The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。III.阅读理解技法每日点拨语意转换题的三种类型事实细节题就是对文中的具体信息提问，即对时间、地点、原因、人物、事件、目的等具体信息进行提问。这类题在高考的阅读理解中占的比例最大。细节题有数字计算题、排序题、是非判断题，但主要还是语意转换题，事实上前三种题中的选项也很少见与文中信息的表达方式一模一样的，也大多经过了同义转换。语意转换通常有三种。1. 直接信息题。虽说是直接信息题，但选项与文中信息的表达方式也不会完全一样，正确选项是文中的某个信息点或某个句子的信息的另一种表达，考生找起来相对容易。【例1】 Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry . shouting at me . I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.No more angry shouts and no more horns!. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?A. They sped up to pass.B. They waited with patience.C. They tried their best to help.D. They put on their flashlights too.【解析】 在文中对应信息是But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited，正确选项为B项。其中with patience(耐心地)是instead of getting impatient and angry(没有不耐烦和生气)的另一种表达形式。【答案】 B2. 间接信息题。虽然正确选项的对应信息在文中可以找到，但其对应的信息点不是一个信息点或在某个句子中，而是涉及前后两三个信息点，或两三个句子的信息，这两三个信息点或句子可能紧紧相连，也可能不在同一段落。【例2】Fred Epstein, in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.What do we know about Tom?A. He was seriously ill.B. He was a dishonest boy.C. He was crazy about magic.D. He was Dr. Epsteins patient.【答案】 A3. 综合信息题。或叫细节推断题，正确选项中几乎没有一个词可以在文中找到，也不是简单的用同义或近义词替换而来，而是要求考生在理解多个信息点之后得出的结论。这些信息点可能在一句，可能在整段甚至前后几段，考生要对这些信息进行分析综合，归纳提炼，才可作出正确选择。【例3】 One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,” he wrote. When he first met the author, David_.A. felt a little excitedB. walked energeticallyC. looked a little nervousD. showed up with his teacher【解析】 在文中对应信息是He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly，要根据“他不安地踱来踱去，面色苍白，他的双手在微微颤动”综合考虑这些具体的细节描写，再结合常识进行推断，才可知道 “他看起来有点儿紧张”，故选C项。【答案】 C即学即用1. The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. “Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive costume (戏装), finally she agreed.The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman . successfully made it through the operation.2.“He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and Im very worried about him. Can you help?”I looked at David and showed him to a chair . Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon in plete silence and without looking at me . Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly. After that day, David started talking . Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one without any words can reach out to another person. What made David change?A. His teachers help.B. His exchange of letters with the author.C. The authors friendship.D. The authors silent munication with him.3. Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my familys last vacation. It was my sixyearold sons winter break from school, and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But that didnt mean my husband and my son couldnt stay. I took my ninemonthold son and took off for home. The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged okay, ordered them to wait it out at the airport, to “earn” more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1,600. Not bad, huh? Why did Delta give the authors family credits?A. They took a later flight.B. They had early bookings.C. Their flight had been delayed.D. Their flight had been cancelled.答案与解析1. 答案 B解析 文中对应信息是Maybe I could go as Superman, buying the expensive costume, The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman，由此可确认汤姆动第三次手术时，“他装扮成超人”，故选B项。2. 答案 D解析 文中对应的信息主要是第三段中的in plete silence和最后一段第二句But I also learned that one without any words can reach out to another person，可知是作者同大卫的无声交流改变了大卫，故选D项。描写大卫的变化及其原因，前后跨越了3个段落。3. 答案 A解析 在题干中找到关键词Delta，顺着找到the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day和下面的The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take all even later flight . Our total take：$1,600.可知，Delta航空公司给他们钱是因为他们坐晚些时候的班机，故选A项。能力提升测一测I单词拼写1I can make a b_ that our team will win.2I warn you; Im beginning to lose my p_ with you.3The Japanese are used to b_ to each other when they meet.4The little girl s_ when she saw a mouse running by her feet.5It was really u_ that he fell off the truck without being hurt.betpatience bowing screamed unbelievable6The first _(场景) of the play was almost over when they got to the theatre.7It is good _ (礼貌) to give your seat to an old man on the bus.8In order to keep his money safe, he opened an _ (账户) with the bank.9They had a lot of _ (冒险) in the journey.10With nothing to do, he just _ (漫步) about every day.scenemanners account adventures wanders 11He was interested in a_ and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.12Not long ago a v_ earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia.13puter hackers have broken down security s_，raising questions about the safety of information.14Too much sugar can be h_ to childrens teeth.astronomyviolent systems harmful15The threestar hotel offers a friendly a_ and personal service.16China has sent up another _ (人造卫星) into space.17There is a lot of rubbish _(漂浮) on the surface of the river.18_ (理论) is based on practice.19The_ (气候) is different from place to place.20. 6 _ (乘) by 5 is 30.atmospheresatellite floating Theory climate multipliedII.语法填空（重点训练题型）1. I had just given myself up for lost _ I was spotted by a ship.2. Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought _ to value the sense of sharing.3. The party will be held in the garden, weather _(permit).4. Success in life doesnt happen by _. Its the result of devoting your time and energy to what youve set out to do.5. No matter how I try to persuade my boss, she always finds _ with my work, so Ill have to quit my job.6. When the man was trying to break into the bank, he was caught by the police _ the spot.7. Some 76,800 high school students went abroad for their education last year, _(account) for 23 percent of all Chinese students studying abroad.8. Ill look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little _(patient).9. He seems to be giving the impression that he didnt enjoy himself in Paris. _ the contrary, he had a wonderful time.10. You cant judge a person by his dressing because not all who are _ rags are beggars, some even are millionaires.11. I have kept the proverb “A friend in need is a friend _.” in mind.12. After losing 20,000 yuan on my last business venture, Im not _(take) any chances this time.13. Tom came to the Yukon in the 1970s _(seek) his fortune.14. It is not how much we do