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2019-2020年中考英语常用短语的区别与运用1.happen , take place二者都有“发生”的意思。happen指事情的发生,往往带有偶然的意思。It happens that I am free today. 恰好今天我没有事。take place指事先安排或策划好而后发生,没有偶然的意思。2. must, have tomust表示说话人的主观看法;而have to则表示客观需要。mustnt意为“不可以;不允许”;dont have to意为“不必”。如:(1)My father had to work when he was ten years old。(2)The play is not interesting. I really must go now。3. arrive , reach , get to三者都有“到达”之意。reach为及物动词。They reached Tianjin yesterday。昨天他们到达天津。arrive为不及物动词,后面接介词in或at。get to常用于口语,可代替前二者。4.because , because of二者均表示“因为”because是连词,引导状语从句。We stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨,我们呆在家。because of是短语介词,后面接名词性词语。We stayed at home because of the rain . 因为下雨,我们呆在家。5. in front of, in the front ofin front of意思是在前面,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在的后面)。如:He walked in fount of me。他走在我的前面。There are some flowers in fount of the house。房子前面有些花卉。in the front of 意思是在某一空间内的前部,即甲物在乙物的范围之内;其反义词是at the back of(在范围内的后部)。如:There is a big desk and a blackboard in the fount of our classroom。我们的教室前边有一张大桌子和一块黑板。Our teacher stands in the fount of the classroom。我们的老师站在教室前。中考英语常用短语的区别与运用(2)6. look , see , watch三者都有“看”的意思。look是看的过程。I looked , but saw nothing . 我看了,但什么也没看见。see是看的结果。see a film看电影;see a play看戏(话剧)。watch是看移动的事物或定晴地看。watch a football match看足球比赛。watch TV看电视。7. sometime; sometimes; some time; some timessometime是副词,可与过去时或将来时连用,表示(在过去)某个时候或(在将来)某个时候。如: I saw him sometime in May。some time多数情况下作名词短语,意为一些时间;一些时候;它还可以作副词词组,用来表示一个未肯定的时刻,此时它可与sometime互换。如: Ill be away for some time。sometimes是一个表示时间频率的副词,意为有时候。如:Sometimes I help my mother with the housework。some times是几次、几倍之意。如:They have been there several times。8. how long, how often, how far, how soonhow long意为多久、多长时间,主要是对一段时间进行提问,答语通常是(for)three days/weeks/months等时间段,它可用于各种时态。How long do you stay in Beijing every year? 每年你在北京住多久?how often意为多久次、是否经常,用来提问在某一特定的时间进行某个动作的次数,答语通常是always,usually,often,sometimes,once/twice a day/month等。How often do you get to school very early? 你多久早到校一次?how far意为多远,对距离提问时用。How far is that? 那有多远?how soon意为还要多久,是对从某个基本时间到将来某动作结束或某动作发生这段时间提问,常用在一般将来时态的句子中,其答语通常是in + 一段时间。-How soon can you finish the work? 还要多久你能完成这项工作?-In half an hour. 半小时后。9. agree with,agree to,agree on两者都有“同意”、“赞成”的意思。agree with 后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词作宾语。agree with 还有“适合”、“符合”的含义。如:The climate here doesnt agree with him。他不适合这里的气候。agree to 后面一般接表示提议、办法、计划之类的名词作宾语。agree on就达成一致的意见。10. across , cross, crossing, through, past(1)cross 意为“横过, 穿过”为动词,相当于walk(go,run)acrossLook both ways before you cross the road。(2)across意为“横过,穿过”为介词,不作动词,不能作谓语,常放在动词之后,如:go acrossHe walked across the field。(3)through 是介词,含有“从中间穿越”之意,表示四周含有物体的穿越。The ball went through the window。(4)past既可作形容词也可作副词,做副词时有:“穿过,越过”之意。Will you be going past my house on your way home?(5)crossing意为“渡口,人行横道,(铁路与公路的)交叉点。All the cars should stop before the zebra crossing。中考英语常用短语的区别与运用(3)11.on,in,with(1)on:表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒,乘坐交通工具等;I dont want to talk about it on the phone。(2)in:使用语言文字等媒介;Can you speak it in English?(3)with:借助具体的手段或工具。Dont write it with a red pen。12.at,on,inat, on, in三者都可以表示在的时候。(1)at:表示在哪个时刻用;表示时间点。I get up at six oclock in the morning . 我早晨六点起床。(2)On:表示在哪一天,哪一天的早上(下午、晚上);on Wednesday , on Sunday morning , on May I , on a cold morning in 1936(3)in:表示在哪一年(季、月),在上午,下午等。in September , in the morning , in the afternoon13.few, a few; little , a littl虽然都表示“少”,但few, a few是可数的, little, a little是不可数的。a few, a little含肯定意味,few, little含否定意味。(1) They have a little ink, dont they? 他们有一点墨水,是吗?(2)They have little ink, do they? 他们几乎没有墨水,是吗?(3)She has a few Chinese friends, doesnt she? 他有几位中国朋友,是吗?(4)She has few Chinese friends, does she?他几乎没有几位中国朋友,是开吗(5)She has a little dog。她有一只小狗。14.not until, untilnot until 直到才 (主句动词是短暂性动词)(1)He didnt go to bed until his mother came back。until 一直到 (主句中使用延续性动词)(2)I study hard until it is midnight every day。15. spend, pay, cost, take(1)Sb. Spend on sth. 某人花了(时间、金钱)在某事上。I spend ten yuan on the book。(2)spend (in) doing sth. 某人花了(时间、金钱)做某事。She spent two hours in drawing the house。(3)Sb. pay for sth. 某人为某物花了钱。I paid 50 yuan for the clothes。(4)Sth. cost sb. 某物花了某人钱。It cost us five dollars。(5)It takes/took sb. to do sth. 花了某人(时间、金钱)做某事。It takes us ten minutes to brush my teeth every day。中考英语常用短语的区别与运用(4)16.too much, too many, much tootoo much + 不可数名词 too many + 可数名词 much too + 形容词、副词(1)There is too much milk in the basket。(2) She ate too many biscuits yesterday morning。(3) He runs much too quickly。(4) The chair is much too expensive。17.after , in(1)After+时间段 表达过去一段时间以后,常用于过去时态的句子;I received the letter after two days . 我是两天以后收到这封信的。(2)After+时间点 表示将来一段时间以后,用于将来时态的句子。He will arrive after four oclock 。(3)in+时间段 以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。You will receive the letter in three days . 你三天以后将收到这封信。18.ago , before(1)ago立足于现在,表示从现在起,若干时间之前;ago 通常与一般过去时连用,不能与完成时连用;I met him three years ago 。(距今)三年前,我遇到他。(2)before立足过去,表示从过去某一时刻起,若干时间以前。before通常与过去完成时连用。I had met him three years before 。(距当时)三年前我见到他一次。19.alone, lonelyalone是表语形容词,只能作表语用。Though I am alone, I am not lonely。虽然我孤独一人,但我并不感到寂寞。lonely除了有孤独的意思外,还有寂寞的意思。另外说明特点时还有“人迹稀少的”、“荒凉的”意思。He was taken to a lonely house . 他被带到一个荒无人烟的房子内。20.also , either , too , as wellalso用于肯定句. You study English and I also study it。你学英语,我也学。either用于否定句,并放在句尾;You dont study English and I dont study it either。你不学英语,我也不学。too和as well 用于肯定句,放在句尾,多用于口语。例如:You are a student and I am a student, too. 你是学生,我也是。You know the way and I know it as well. 你知道路,我也知道。中考英语常用短语的区别与运用(5)21.as,when,whileWhen:可与一个点的时间或表示一段的时间连用,从句动词可以是短暂性或延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时,也同先于主句的动作。When the teacher came in,the students stood up。当老师进来时,学生们起立。While:只指一段时间,不能指一点时间。因此while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,主句和从句的动作同时发生。Dont talk while you are eating。吃饭时你不要说话。As:主句和从句的动作同时发生,有时可译作“一边,一边”。22.begin,start二者均可表示“开始”一般可以通用,但start较为口语化。I thas begun(started) raining。已经开始下雨了。start还可表示“动身”、“开动”等意思,而begin则不能这样用。例如:They start for Beijing tomorrow。他们明天动身去北京。23.date,daydate指日期。Whats the date today?今天几号?day指星期几,指二十四小时的一整天;也单指白天;也指重要的日子。What day is today?今天星期几?There are seven days in a week。一周有七天。NationalDay国庆节24.besides,except,exceptfor,but“除之外”besides的意思是除之外,还有是肯定的;包括,besides后面的宾语在内,含有加上的意思。I have three other pens besides this。除了这支笔外,我还有另外三支笔。except(but)的意思是除之外,没有是否定的;不包括except后的宾语在内,含有减去的意思。but用于除了之意时,只能用于noone,nobody,nothing,all,everyone,everything等词之后。Everybody is here except(but) Mary。除了Mary之外,大家都来了。except for的用法是在说明基本情况后,而在细节上加以纠正。except for有时可以与except互换,表示除了之外,但位于句首时,不可以和except互换。例如:Your position is good except for some spelling mistakes。除了有几个拼写错误之外,你的作文很好。besides意为除了之外,还有except意为除了之外,but用于除了之意时,只能用于noone,nobody,nothing,all,everyone,everything等词之后。25.bring,take,fetch这几个动词都有携带、运送的意思。但它们表示的动作方向不同。bring是带来。例如:Dont forget to bring a dictionary with you。别忘了把辞典带来。take是带去。例如:Please take the small blackboard to the classroom请把这块小黑板带到教室去。fetch是去取,去拿来。例如:Please fetch me some chalk。中考英语常用短语的区别与运用(6)26.borrow,lend二者都有借的意思。borrow是借入,lend是借出。例如:Can I borrow your pen?我可以借你的钢笔吗?Lend me your pen,will you?把钢笔借给我用用,可以吗?27.finally,atlast,intheend它们都有最后、终于的含义。但用法不同。finally用于动词之前,表示人们长期以来期待的某事最后实现了。He tried many times and finally succeeded。他试验了多次,最后成功了。atlast也有此义,但期待的感情更强烈一些。At last he has understood it。最后他终于明白了这个。in the end表示经过许多变化或周折,最后发生了某事。例如:We made several different plans for our holiday,but in the end we had a summer camp again。我们制定了好几种不同的度假方案,但最后我们还是选定了再来一次夏令营活动。28.date,daydate指日期。Whats the date today?今天几号?day指星期几,指二十四小时的一整天;也单指白天;也指重要的日子。Whatday is today?今天星期几?There are sevendays in a week。一周有七天。National Day国庆节29.find,lookfor,findout二者都有“寻找”的意思。find是look for的结果。What are you looking for?你在找什么?look for是find之前的寻找过程。Have you found your pen?你找到你的钢笔了吗?Findout指经过一番努力最终找到。I found out she was wrong。我发现她错了。30.join,takepartin,joinin二者都有“参加”的意思。join多指参加某组织、党派或社会团体,成为其中的一个成员。He joined the Leaguein 1985.他在1985年入团。join in参加正在进行的竞赛、娱乐、谈话等活动。如:joinusinthematch;take part in指参加活动、群众性活动或会议,并在其中起一定作用。The old man took part in the Long March。这位老人参加过长征。中考英语常用短语的区别与运用(7)31.dress , have sth. on , wear , put on它们都有穿、戴的意思。但用法不同。have sth. on表示穿戴的状态。He had a straw hat on. 他戴了一顶草帽。wear表示穿戴的状态。She likes to wear the light green dress . 她喜欢穿浅绿色的衣服。put on表示穿戴的动作.Youd better put on your overcoat before going out。出门之前你最好穿上大衣。dress既表动作也表状态。The mother is dressing her baby . 母亲正给她的婴儿穿衣服。32.take care of, look aftertake care意为“注意”,“当心”,“留心”。可以单独使用,也可以跟不定式或that从句。Take care!The ice is thin。当心!冰很薄。take care of意为“照顾”,“照料”,侧重于负有责任这一层意思,后面的宾语从句可以是人,也可以是某物,比较口语化。Please take care of my house。请照看一下我的家。look after 一般情况下可替换take care of,在意思上强调看管或照料,其宾语可以是物,但多数情况下是人或动物。Will you look after my dog?请照看一下我的狗好吗?33.whether,if这两个连词都作“是否”解,引导宾语从句时,两者通常可以互换。但在下列几种情况下,不可用if 代替whether。1)当whether 与or not连成词组时。I dont know whether or not they will e for our help。我不知道他们是否来帮助我们。2)whether 用在不定式前面时。She hasnt decided whether to go or not。她还没有决定去还是不去。3)whether引导的从句放在句首时。Whether this is true or not,I cant say。这是不是真的,我不说(或我说不准)34.either ,eitheror, neither, neithernor, both andeither其意为“两者中的任何一个”。There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。either用在否定句的句末,表示也的意思。If you dont go there, I wont, either. 如果你不去那里,我也不去。either.or.意为或者或者;不是就是之意。表示两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分。either.or.连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是我们通常说的就近原则。Either you or I am going there tomorrow。明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。neither作主语,表示“两者中没有一个”。Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。neither.nor.表示“既不也不”。其含义是否定的,可连接任意两个并列的成份。She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。当neither.nor.连接两个主语时,也应遵循“就近原则”。例如:Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。若将neither.nor.句型变为肯定句,只需把neither.nor.改为both.and.即可,同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如: Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。 中考英语常用短语的区别与运用(8)35.have sb.do,have sb. or sth. doing,have sth. donehave sb.do 作使某人做某事解,have 后作宾语补足的不定式通常不带 to。have sb./sth.doing 与 have sb.do 的意思大致相同,只是现在分词作宾补强调动作在进行,而不定式作宾补只表示发生了某件事。试比较下面两个句子:The boss had his workers working all day long。那老板让工人们整天(不停地)干活。The boss had his workers work fourteen hours a day。那老板让工人们一天干14小时的活。在 have sb.or sth.doing 结构中,have 如被否定,往往作“允许”、“容忍”解。如:I wont have you saying such things。我不允许你讲这样的话。have sth.done 作“(有意识地)让别人替自己做某事”解,过去分词表示的动作赏由别人完成,宾语是过去分词所表示地动作的承受者。还可批无意识的被动行为,have 作“受到、遭受”解。如:I had my pen stolen。我的钢笔被人偷了。36.hear,hear of,hear fromhear 和hear of 都可解作“听说”,hear 后面接宾语从句。hear 还可作“听见”,“听到”解,后面可以接名词,代词+不带to的不定式(或分词)的复合结构。I heard him just now。我刚才听到了他说话。I heard him singing in the next room。我听见他在隔壁房间里唱歌。hear of后面接名词,代词或动名词。I have heard of him。我听人提到过他。hear from意为“收到的信”,“得到消息”。例如:How often do you hear from your father?你每隔多久收到你父亲的信?注意:hear from的主语是“人”,而不是“信”。
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