2019-2020年高考英语四海八荒易错集专题07情态动词和虚拟语气.doc

2019-2020年高考英语四海八荒易错集专题07情态动词和虚拟语气1. This does not mean that we have to write or call our friends every day.It does mean，however，that we care enough about our friends to find out how they are doing from time to time.【解析】考查情态动词。根据语境特别是前面的have to可知，此处需要一个情态动词，should应该，语气合适；如用must，语气太强；may/can语气太弱。【答案】should2. I was really happy to be writing a detective story.But after the first few pages，I just write any more.【答案】couldnt3. Im Captain John Blanchard.You be Miss Hollis.I am glad to meet you here.【解析】考查情态动词。你一定是Hollis女士。根据语境可知此处要用must表示肯定推测。【答案】must4. He walked in as if he (buy) the school，and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.【解析】考查虚拟语气。在人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因他不可能是买下了这个学校，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。【答案】had bought5. I remend that you (try) Baihe.【解析】考查虚拟语气。remend, suggest, request, mand等后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即should 动词原形，should可省略。【答案】(should) try6. Tom：Sandy.It seems that only half of the students passed the final exam.Sandy：Really? The exam have been very difficult this time.【解析】考查情态动词。答句意为“这次的考试一定很难”。must have done肯定，表示对过去的肯定猜测。【答案】must7. Its a pity you were late，otherwise you (see) the film star Rain from Korea.【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据otherwise判断此处是含蓄型的虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟时，主句用would have done。【答案】would have seen 8. All the students put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.【解析】考查情态动词。所有学生应在去学校之前带上口罩以防感染禽流感。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。【答案】shall9. Had the government limited the sales of cars much earlier，traffic jam and pollution not be so serious now.【答案】would10. If you will stay here longer，you may.But you leave before this weekend.【解析】考查情态动词。根据but可知，此处强调说话人主观上认为“必须”做某事，要求对方必须在周末前离开。must必须。【答案】must易错起源1、情态动词的词汇义辨析 例1I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.【解析】句意：在来到新学校前我本不必担心，因为在新学校我的同班同学对我很友好。考查情态动词。neednt have done.本不必做的事做了。【答案】neednt【名师点睛】情态动词的基本用法 I.can(could)1.表示体力或脑力方面的能力，或根据客观规定律能做某事的能力，意思是“能够”。can表“能够” 时，既可指将来，也可指现在。be able to 在表示能 力时与can同义，但可用:于各种时态，强调通过努力克服困难成功地做某事，相当managed to do 或succeeded in doing.例如:No one can (is able to) finish such a difficult thing. He can speak English. I can go there now. With the help of the fire men ,the the trapped peopel was able to leave the burning buildung(不能用could)2.表示许可、允许，在疑问句中表示 “请求，许可”，否定句中表示 “不许”，此时可与may通采用，有时cannot可以表示 “禁止”，相当于“mustnt”,例如:May(Can)I help you?That sort of thing cant go on !You cant ( mustnt, are not allowed to ) play puter games again.3.表示推测，强调客观可能性“可能、会”，can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示猜测时，情态动词后可用进行式或完成式。There es a man. Who can it be?It must be our English teacher.No, it cant be him. He has gone to America!He cant have gone there alone.4.could表示“能力”“可能性”“许可”，为can的过去式。一般用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，此时can，could并没有时间上的差别，只是 could的语气更客气些。回答时用原形回答。Could I borrow your English dictionary?Of course you can. Go ahead.may,might( might 为 may 的过去式) 1.表示许可，有“可以”的意思，询问或说的一件事可不可以做，有时可以用can互换。其否定式 may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用must not =mustnt代替，may用于疑问句中，回答这种问题时，多避免用may，而用其他形式，以免显得口气太严峻或不客气。例如:Mum, may I go to the cinema tonight?Yes, you may. (No, you mustnt/ youd better not. ) 比较:Yes, please/please dont.2.表推测、或许、可能的意思，表示一件事或许会发生，只用在陈述包中。例如: Her parents may e to see her tomorrow.3.may句式用来表示祝愿。例如:May you succeed! = I hope you may succeed.May you be happy, healthy and wealthy!4.might是may的过去式，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事；主句谓语动词是过去时态时用 might不用may。might一般用于比may的口气委婉，或表示现实的可能性更小一些的语境中.例如:Our teacher suggested a few books which I might buy.I wonder if I might buy some sugar now.must1.表示必须要做的事，意为“必须”，否定式 mustnt表示“不应该，不许可，禁止”等。因此，在回答带有must的问句时，不用mustnt，而用 neednt或donhave to.例如:Must I hand in the paper now?Yes,you must.No,you neednt./you dont have to.2.must在表示“必须”时与have to相近，have to比较强调客观的需要，must着重主观看法。另外 must不像have to那样能有更多的时态。例如:Tom, you must stay at home. (命令或叮嘱)I have to stay at home to look after my baby. (客观需要)3.表推测，暗含很大的可能性，意为“一定”只用于“肯定句”中。例如:I think there must be a mistake.4.偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。例如:Hey, beys Must you shout so loudly?.Shall1.用于二、三人称陈述句中。表示说话人给对方的命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。在疑问句中，表示征询听话人是否愿意。例如:You shall have my answer tomorrow. (允许)He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)You shall do as I tell you. (命令或分咐)Shall you go with me? (征询意见)2.用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。例如:Shall we begin our class?When shall my father be able to leave hospital?V. should 和 ought toshould表示劝告、建议常作“应当”讲，与ought to有时可互换，ought to更注重一些责任义务。 should表示预测可能性，并译作“可能，(按道理)应该”；而ought to则表示非常可能。Should用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议，ousht to可表示因责任、义务等该做的事。例如:We should (ought to) help each other in work.( ought to 的语气要强)They should e here now. (按道理应该到了)I am your teacher, I ought to help with your study.(表示有这个责任).will和wouldwill可以表示意愿、意志和决心，适用于各种人称。可以用来表示各种倾向或习惯动作。有时还用来表示“难免”。其过去式是would，也可以是单独的情态动词，在表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法时，语气比will委婉，肯定的回答时用will。例如:Dont worry. He will do his best.Where there is a will, there will be a success.(表示习惯)Accident will happen. ( 难免 )Would you please do me a favor?易错起源2、情态动词对话情景中的用法 例2Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad.You have made full preparations.【答案】should【名师点睛】情态动词中三组表达方式的用法区别1.would与used to的区别。在表示过去重复的习惯时，used to可用Would代替。used to强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义；而Would则单纯表示过去的习惯动作，常与often，everyday连用，当只是表示过去的状态时，只能用used to.例如:They would have a drind in the bar at noon.Thy used to have a drink in the bar at noon.(现在右能不了)China is not what it used to be.(表示对比，不能用would)Every evening,she would sit in frnt of the door to wait for her son .(表示过去的习惯动作，不能用used to)They used to be a temple on the to of the mountain.(表示过去的状态，不能用would)2.表示“宁愿做某事”时，有下列句式结构:would rather do somethingwould do sth. rather than do sth.Would rather sb. did sth.prefer to do sth.Prefer to do sth. Rather than do sth.prefer to do sth. to doing sth.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】情态动词否定式所表达的含义may not,might not 或许不，可能不cant can not(= be not able to)不能说cant,can not 不可能may not,cant, can not, mustnt (= be not allowed to)不许可needt(= dont have to)不必shouldnt,oughtnt to (= be not supposed to)不应该易错起源3、情态动词+have 例3You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.【解析】句意：你一定是Carol，这些年以来你一点都没变。must一定，表示推测，符合句意。【答案】must【名师点睛】 “情态动词 +过去分词”用法1.must have done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事”。例如:It must have rained last night, for the ground was quite muddy.The lights were out. They must have been asleep.2.maymight have done表示对过去已经发生行为韵推测；意思是“也许；或许、已经(没有)”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用 might 表示语气更加不肯定。例如:Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed. He may not have finished the work. She might have caught a cold.3.might have done表示“本来可能；”，但实际上没有发生的事情。还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”的意思；有轻微的责备语气。例如: You should not have swum in that river. You might have been eaten by fish.You might have given him more help, though you were busy.4.could have done用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”的意义，也可以表示过去没有实现的可能性，意思为“本来可以”。例如:You could have done better, but you were too careless.I went to New York last summer and stayed at a hotel, but I could have stayed with my brother. I saw his father just now. He couldnt have gone to Shanghai.5.shouldougt to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，但实际上没做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。例如:You should/ ought to have e to the meeting earlier.He ought not to have treated his parents like that. 6.neednt have done表示本来不必去做的事但做了。但是didnt need to表示”没有必要做而实际上也没有做”。例如:You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.I didnt need to clean the room. My mother did it.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】canhave done和can not have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。例如:He cannot have taken away the magazine.Can he have gone home?易错起源4、虚拟语气的一些特殊句式 例4 If I (see)it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.【答案】hadnt seen 【名师点睛】虚拟语气中的几种特殊情况 1.if省略句在条件句中，可省略if把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。如果谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。例如: Should it (If it should) rain tomorrow; we would not go fishing.Were it not (if it were not)the expense, I would go abroad now. (不能用 werent)2.在would rather后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气形式用动词的过去式，在It is(hish) time (that)句型中，从句中的谓语动词用过去式，或 should + 动词原形，但should不能省略。例如:It is high time that you went to school.It is high time we should start out.I would rather they didnt hear of the news.3.在口语中，虚拟语气的省略情况口语中，虚拟语气的省略情况要注意。如果是一般过去时，只保留did，could，were等助动词、情态动词或系动词如果是过去完成时，要保留had；如果是过去将来时，要保留wouldmight.同时还要注意被动情况。例如:Have you found the answer to the question? I wish I had( found the answer to the question).I cant go to Beijing with you, but I wish I would (go to Beijing with you).Have you finished your homework? I would have ( finished my homework) if I had not gone to the cinema last night. The liitle boy who dark the poison by mistake died if he had been sent to the hospital earlier. Well. he should have been (sent to the hospital earlier).【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】if only和 only if 句型(1)if only可以用来表示对现在或未来的愿望,也可以表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如:If only I could swim.(现在的愿望)If only they would tell me what they have decided. (将来的愿望)If only they had remembered to buy some fruit just now. (与过去事实相反的愿望) (2)only if用于句首，后接从句主谓倒装，意思是“只要，只有”。例如:Only if the red light es on is there any danger to employees.Only if a teacher has given permissionis a student allowed to enter this room.1.Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone.【解析】句意：你不能再多待一会儿吗？天要黑了，我真的现在必须走了，我的女儿独自呆在家里。must必须。【答案】must2. It was so noisy that we not hear ourselves speak.【答案】could3. You feel all the training a waste of time，but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.【解析】句意：你也许会认为所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百的保证你以后会感激你所做的事情。考查情态动词。根据后文的描述可以看出此处培训还没有结束，是一种不肯定的推测语气。【答案】may4. You be careful with the camera.It costs!【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。此处表示命令语气。【答案】must 5. you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你没有看到我在打电话吗？对不起，先生，事情很急。根据语境应填must表“非要，硬要”。【答案】Must6.It be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。根据后一句中“现在仅仅六点”，only一词表明语气强烈，前一句为“门外的绝不可能是邮递员”。故用cant。【答案】cant7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway (write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.【答案】wouldnt have written8. Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)as well as her.【解析】句意：艾伦是一位出色的舞者，我希望我能像他跳的那么好。考查虚拟语气。wish后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气，从句中用did表示对现在事实的虚拟。【答案】danced9. I wish I (be)at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.【解析】句意：我希望上个星期二我出席了姐姐的婚礼，但那时我正在纽约出差中。考查虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，对过去发生过的事情的虚拟要用过去完成时。【答案】had been10.It is lucky we booked a room, or we (have)nowhere to stay now.【解析】句意：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。考查虚拟语气。引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadnt booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would动词原形。【答案】would have11. He manded that all the gates (shut) when it was getting dark in case thieves came in.【答案】(should)be shut12. Tom：Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month?Mary：No，we (visit) it，but we spent too much time shopping.【解析】考查情态动词。我们“本能够”去的，但是我们花太多时间购物，所以没能去。could have done本能够做某事(但没做成)。【答案】could have visited 13.It is necessary that the government (find) solutions for the problems of air pollution to create a clear environment.【解析】考查虚拟语气。在句型“it is necessary that从句”中，谓语动词应该用should 动词原形，should可以省略。【答案】(should) find14. It has been suggested the sports meeting (put) off till the smog is not so severe.【解析】考查虚拟语气。在 “It is suggested that 从句”中谓语动词应该用should动词原形，should可以省略，根据句意应该用被动形式。【答案】(should) be put15.And a similar number of students believe that a good university produce graduates who are particularly sought after by employers.【解析】考查情态动词。句意：同样数量的学生认为一个好的大学应该培养雇主们追求的毕业生。should应该，应当，表示义务、责任，符合语境。【答案】should16. Curiosity sometimes be foolish or wrong.Some people with nothing to do are full of curiosity about what their neighbors are doing.【解析】考查情态动词。句意：那些无所事事的人对他们的邻居正在做什么感到好奇。好奇有时可能是愚蠢的或者说是错误的。can在肯定句中表可能性时表示理论上的可能性，而不是表示具体某事发生的可能性。【答案】can17. you please help me get him back into his wheelchair?【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你可以帮助我将他弄回到轮椅上吗？Would you please.？请你好吗？表示婉转的请求。【答案】Would18.Columbus could never have found America if he (not be) curious.【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：哥伦布如果不曾好奇，就不会发现美洲大陆。对过去的虚拟，从句要用过去完成时，主句要用could/should/might/would have done结构。【答案】had not been19. Joseph Addison once said，“Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.” I am sure you have heard this quote.【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我确定你一定或可能听过这句话。情态动词表推测可用must/may/might/can/could。【答案】must/may/might/can/could20.Only by pursuing our dreams we enjoy a meaningful and fulfilled life.【答案】can