2019-2020年高中英语 第二册 语法总结 名词.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 第二册 语法总结 名词名词：（一）名词变复数1规则名词复数形式：在单数名词后加“s” day days week weeks2在以 o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加“es”。hero heroes box boxes class classesbush bushes watch watches3黄金重点：I有些以o结尾的外来词或缩略词的复数形式只加“s”。II以元音字母加o结尾的单词只加“s”。（不认识的单词，请你查词典，懒惰是学英语的唯一大忌。）piano，photo，zero，radio，bamboo，tobacco，solo，cuckoo，dynamo，cameo，soprano教你一招 如果以O结尾的名词有生命力，则该词汇一般加-es。hero，tomato，potato，Negro（黑人） 简记：黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯。4以辅音加y结尾的名词变y为i再加“es”family families city cities5y前面是元音字母只加“s”key keys boy boys play plays toy toys6以f、fe结尾的名词，变 f / fe为 v加 es。calf calves knife knives? 当心当心：I下列名词直接加“s”。（请大声朗读三遍，然后背下。注意读音！）roof（房顶），reef（暗礁），chief（首领），cliff（悬崖），grief（悲痛），turf（草皮）， belief（信仰），gulf（港湾），dwarf（侏儒），safe（保险箱），sheriff（长官），tariff（关税）IIscarf（头巾），wharf（码头），staff（全体职员），handkerchief（手帕）和 hoof（蹄）既可直接加“s”，又可变 f为 v加 es.（二）不规则名词复数形式1. foot feet mouse mice goose geese child children ox oxen louse lice woman women man men2单复数同形：sheep, deer, fish, means, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, works,barracks（兵营） bellows（风箱） kennels（狗窝）3一些英语外来词的复数形式：crisiscrises 危机analysisanalyses 分析oasisoases 绿洲parenthesisparentheses 括号axisaxes 轴心ellipsisellipses 日蚀hypothesishypotheses 假定synopsissynopses 内容提要erratumerrata 勘误误表addendumaddenda 补遗、附录mediummedia 媒体（以上单词熟悉即可）（三）复合名词复数形式1中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数：bookshelfbookshelves handfulhandfuls2man和 woman构成的复合名词，二者均变为复数。man servant men servantswoman teache r women teachers3中间有连字符的合成次，在主体词（中心意义的词）末尾变复数：sister-in-law sisters-in-lawlooker-on lookers-oneditor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief4下列合成名词在后一个词上变化：sit-insit-ins, grown-upgrown-upsstand-bystand-bys touch-me-nottouch-me-notsgo-betweengo-betweens（四）名词所有格1在大多数名词末加“s”the boys toy, mens work2以 s结尾的复数名词直接加“”the students reading room3以 s结尾的单数名词加“”Dickens novels the actress performance4合成名词在最后一个词上加“s”her brother-in-laws piano.Somebody elses books. （重要！）【金牌重点】除用于有生命的人外，“s”格还可用于度量衡、地域、天体及一些习语中：an hours drive, a miles journeyten pounds weight, Beijings weatherthe earths surfacea stones throw 投石之距离at ones wits end 智穷计尽to ones hearts content 尽情地by a hairs breadth 千钧一发at a snails pace 缓慢地5双重所有格：如果被修饰的名词前有不定冠词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词修饰。则要采用双重所有格。a friend of mine （名词性物主代词）a child of hersthe love poems of your sisters注意区别： a portrait of her mother 她母亲的画像（画中人） a portrait of her mothers 她母亲拥有的画像中的一幅（不一定是她母亲的画像）测试精编1. Julie went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes.A. shoes store B. shoes store C. shoe store D. shoes store2. As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a _ bill.A. ten-dollar B. ten-dollarsC. tens-dollar D. ten-dollars3. Recently, he has lost all his _ at cards.A. wage and saving B. wages and savingC. wage and savings D. wages and savings4. I want _ .A. a dollar worth candy B. candy a dollars worthC. a dollars worth of candy D. a dollar worths candy5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually _ an effect on his development.A. have B. had C. do D. has（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦(*_*) 嘻嘻）KEYS1. C 2.A 3.D 4. C 5.A