2019-2020年高中英语 阅读集练-健康保健类.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 阅读集练-健康保健类1、You know eating fruit and vegetables does good. But do you know it can also make you look good? People who increased their intake over just six weeks developed a healthy glow and appeared more attractive, researchers found. Scientists at St Andrews University found eating them slightly increased yellow and red pigments in the volunteers skin. They monitored the food intake of 35 people and took pictures of their faces, arms and hands using a sensitive camera at the start, and after three and six weeks. Increasing their intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day was found to make the person look more healthy and an extra 3.3 portions could enhance their attractiveness, when their photographs were rated by others. Fruit and vegetables are rich in carotenoids(类胡萝卜素)，which are known to protect against cell damage from pollution and UV rays, and can also prevent age-related diseases including heart disease and cancer. But while it was known eating extreme amounts of certain vegetables such as carrots could turn skin orange，it was not known a small increase was perceptible(被觉察）to othersand was seen as appealing. A camera measured changes to the skins redness, yellowness and lightness, and found it significantly changed in people who naturally increased their intake. These changes were not evident in three weeks. Using light sensors, the researchers showed these red and yellow hues were linked with the levels of carotenoids in their skin. There are hundreds of carotenoids but those thought to have the most dramatic effect are lycopene(番茄红素)which gives tomatoes and red peppers their red colourand beta-carotene found in carrots as well as broccoli, squash, and spinach. Skin colour is also affected by chemicals called polyphenols(多元酚)，found in apples, blueberries and cherries, which cause blood rush to the skin surface.【小题1】What do we know from the research? AIf you take in a little more fruit and vegetables, you will obviously look more attractive in three weeks.BPeople who increased their intake of greens by 3.3 portions a day were found the most attractive after six weeks.CIncreasing your intake of greens by 2.9 portions a day can greatly improve your health.DThe researchers took the pictures of the 35 people in the research at different stages.【小题2】Which of the following is NOT the function of carotenoids？ AThey can protect against cell damage from pollution and UV rays.BThey can prevent heart disease and cancer.CThey can keep you in good health.DThey can prevent age-related diseases.【小题3】Which of the statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? AWeve already known eating extreme amounts of carrots can turn skin orange.BWe knew in the past that eating a few more carrots could make us look appealing.CThe research showed the improvement in skin is linked with the levels of carotenoids in it.DAmong hundreds of carotenoids, lycopene is thought to have the most dramatic effect【小题4】Which can be the best title of the passage? AEating fruit and vegetables does good.BEating fruit and vegetables makes you look good.CHow to bee attractive？DFruit and vegetables are rich in carotenoids.2、Sleep deprivation(缺失)is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests. It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and puters in bedroom late at night. Sleep deprivation is such a serious problem that lessons have to be dragged down to a lower level to suit sleep-deprived learners, the study found. The international parison, carried out by Boston College, found the United States to have the highest number of sleep-deprived students, with 73% of 9- and 10-year-olds and 80% of 13- and 14-year-olds identified by their teachers as being negatively affected. In literacy(读写能力) tests there were 76% of 9- and 10-year-olds lacking sleep. This was much higher than the international average of 47% of primary pupils needing more sleep and 57% among the secondary age group. Other countries with the most sleep-deprived youngsters were New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Australia, England, Ireland and France. High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. Countries with the best records for getting enough sleep include Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Japan and Malta. The analysis was part of the huge date-gathering process for global education rankings, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study(PIRLS)“I think we underestimate the impact of sleep. Our data show that across countries internationally, on average, children who have more sleep achieve higher in maths, science and reading. That is exactly what our data show,” says Chad Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center. “Its the same link for children who are lacking basic nutrition,” says Mr Minnich, based at the Lynch School of Education, Boston College. “If you are unable to concentrate, to attend mentally, you are unable to achieve at your best level, because your mind and body are in need of something more basic. Sleep is a fundamental need for all children. If teachers report such large proportions of children suffering from lack of sleep, its having a significant impact. But worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction.” That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering.【小题1】 What did the researchers of Boston College try to find? AWhy children dont get enough sleepBHow many hours children sleep every nightCThe relationship between sleep and test resultsDThe relationship between sleep and health【小题2】Many children suffer from sleep deprivation because _. Athey sit in front of the TV for too longBthey can hardly sleep soundly and deeplyCtheir homework occupies too much of their timeDmodern technological devices consume a lot of their time【小题3】Which of the following countries has the most sleep-deprived students? AJapanBMaltaCFinlandDPortugal【小题4】Why are children who get enough sleep also victims? ABecause they are disturbed by sleep-deprived studentsBBecause teaching is driven down by sleep-deprived studentsCBecause they have to spend time helping sleep-deprived studentsDBecause the teachers waste time disciplining sleep-deprived students3、The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countriesIn African countries, the WHO says the number of over-weight or obese children is twice as high as it was 20 years agoAround the world, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in xx Overweight and obese children are more likely to bee overweight and obese adultsThe condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and DevelopmentHe says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often, which has a high sugar, fat and salt contentHe also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activitiesThey travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially plex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious diseases The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countriesThe organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits, vegetables and increase physical activityThe WHO says these actions are especially important for childrenAnd WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life, if possibleMore importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also helpIn his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and saltReducing the number of overweight children will not be easyThe goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries he adds【小题1】What is the main idea of Paragraph l? AOverweight children in developing countries have increased greatlyBChildren in developing countries generally weigh too muchCThe number of overweight children in the world has doubledDThe World Health Organization has increased greatly【小题2】According to Branca, people are being overweight because of their changes in_ Aschool educationBtransportationCphysical conditionDlifestyles【小题3】The underlined word “generate” in Paragraph 2 probably means _ AcureBcauseCworsenDprevent【小题4】We can learn from the last paragraph that _ Ababies breastfed arent likely to bee overweightBfood producers should be stopped from marketing, food to childrenCgovernments should play a necessary role in fighting obesityDthe number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries4、Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend (易于) to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed (挤出) between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Dont Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity - or extreme overweight - among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject (拒绝) older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% - and is growing.【小题1】In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola? AThey go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.BThey regard eating as a key part of their life style.CThey squeeze eating between the other daily activities.DThey usually eat too much canned and frozen food.【小题2】This text is mainly about the relationship between _. Achildren and adultsBAmericans and the FrenchClife style and obesityDfast food and overweight【小题3】Where does this text probably e from? AA health reportBA book reviewCA TV interviewDA food advertisement5、Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically（心理上的） and physically. Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels. On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we dont have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain es without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle. The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous. Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that es from using them.【小题1】 From Paragraph 1, we learn that _. Adiet products fail to bring out peoples potentialBpeople are fed up with diet productsCpeople have difficulty in choosing diet productsDdiet products are misleading people【小题2】 One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to _. Ahesitate before they enjoy diet foodsBpay attention to their own eating habitsCwatch their weight rather than their dietDtry out a variety of diet foods【小题3】The purpose of writing this passage is _. Ato warn people of the side effect of diet productsBto tell people how to lose weightCto advise people to eat diet productsDto introduce some diet products【小题4】Which of the following shows the structure（结构） of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion6、In many sports, physical contact(身体接触) is part of the game. But when athletes hit their heads, the hit can cause concussions(脑震荡). Concussions have long been a concern for professional athletes, but theyve bee more mon among young players too. Between 2001 and xx, the number of kids under 19 visiting doctors for concussions each year increased by 62 percent. Engineers are developing new helmets(头盔), and new rules are limiting physical contact in some sports. But are these efforts enough to protect kids brains? Concussions can happen during many types of activities. But sports like football and soccer are especially risky. When you run or jump, your body is moving at an increased speed. A sudden hit causes you to move faster in a different direction. “Its like when youre in a bus and it makes a sudden stop,” says Dr. Kevin Crutchfield, an expert at a sports concussion center in Baltimore, Maryland. “You hit the inside of the bus.” This hit damages the brain. It affects the way the brain functions. So some sports require athletes to wear helmets. Helmets help reduce the force of a hit. The hard outer shell spreads the force of larger area. Inside a helmet, a plastic or air-filled lining also helps soften the blow. Steve Rowson is an engineer at Virginia Tech. In his lab, he tests how helmets hold up against different types of hits. No helmet can prevent concussions pletely, says Rowson. But hes found that when wearing a newer football helmet, the players head doesnt gain speed as much after a hit. That lowers the risk of concussions. Many youth sports teams have set limits on physical contact to reduce the risk of concussions. In soccer, most concussions happen as a result of headersshots or passes made with the head. Thats why many people think kids shouldnt head the ball until high school. These efforts should help, says Crutchfield. But the best way to prevent long-term brain injuries, he says, is to stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion. “Protect yourself today so you can play again tomorrow.”【小题1】Concussions among young players _. Aare rare before 2001Bseem extremely worryingCcause kids to lose interest in sportsDare mostly caused by wearing no helmets【小题2】The author mentions the sudden stop of the bus to _. Astress its dangerous to ride busesBshow human brains are easily damagedCgive a better explanation of concussionsDremind people to wear helmets while playing sports【小题3】What does Steve Rowson think of the newer football helmets? AThey vary a lot in size.BThey work better than the old ones.CThey slow down the players running speed.DThey allow the players to move their heads more freely.【小题4】Dr. Crutchfield suggests that after receiving a concussion, young players should_. Anever head the ballBavoid dangerous sportsCplay other kinds of sportsDstop playing the sport for a while7、DLosing weight es with a lot of health benefitsincluding making your brain sharper. There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, (认知功能) possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Yet, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions such as memory and attention. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University. Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits (缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers pleted mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didnt lose weight dropped even further. The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that hes seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional wayeating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well,” he says.【小题1】There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers _.A. believe overweight only affects our bodyB. have focused on ways to sharpen peoples mindC. do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive abilityD. are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions【小题2】The result of Gunstads study shows that