2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity（第2课时）试题 新人教版选修8.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity（第2课时）试题 新人教版选修8重点单词1_ n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道cross n. 十字架v. 横 渡；越过2_ n. 申请人apply v. 申请；请求application n. 申请；申请书3_ n. 社会主义者；社会党人adj. 社会主义者的socialism n. 社会主义society n. 社会social adj. 社会的4 vi. 发生；出现occurrence n. 发生；出现5 vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示indicator n. 指示者；指示物 indicative adj. 指示的；暗示的indication n. 指示；暗示；征兆；迹象6 adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv. 显然地； 显而易见地7_ n. (公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥conduct vt. 进行；实施； 指挥；表现；传导8_ n. 处罚；惩罚punish vt. 处罚；惩罚9 adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的civilization n. 文明；社会文明 civilize vt. 教化；开化；使文明10 vt. & vi. 改革；革新n. 改革；改造；改良reformer n. 改 革者；改良者重要短语1. _ 申请 2. _ 组成3. _ 突然想到 4. _ 除了5. _ 形状像 6. _区分7. _许多，很多 8. _ 改革体制9. 背靠背_ 10做评论_11与合作或一起工作_ 12用线画出范围；标出界线_ 13包括；吸收；理解；欺骗_ 关键句型1It didnt _ me that.是的，我没想到2_ seemed as if it would take no time at all！ 从一个大国穿越到另一个大国看起来似乎毫不费时。3_ a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car 同饭店里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)做伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。4Theres a fascinating drive _ for tourists 有一种专为旅游者选定的驾车游活动。5. It has blue and white signs _. 上面蓝白相间的、绘有海鸥的标志，以表明行车的路线。4. In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system _ many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. 1940年民政部门改革了制度，使得更多的中国人能够得到机会定居美国。【答案】重点单词1. crossing 2. applicant3. socialist4. occur5. indicate6. apparent7. conductor8. punishment9. civil10. reform重要单词1. apply for2. consist of3. occur to4. except for5be shaped like6draw/make a distinction7a good/great many8reform the system 9. back to back10. make a ment11. team up with12. mark out13. take in关键句型1occur to2To make the crossing between these two great countries3Teamed up with4marked out5. with seagulls on them to show the way to go6. so that之单词篇1. delight(1)不可数名词高兴，愉快；可数名词乐事，令人高兴的事情。She won the game easily，to the delight of all her fans 她很轻松地赢得了这场比赛，令她所有的粉丝都很高兴。This guitar is a delight to play这个吉他弹起来很惬意。(2)用作及物动词使高兴，愉快。His ing delighted all of us他的到来使我们都很高兴。【知识拓展】（1）英语中有一些抽象名词，在一定的语境下可以转化为表示具体意义的名词，前面可以加不定冠词，即抽象名词具体化，可以这样用的名词还有：success(成功的人/事)；failure(失败的人/事)；surprise(令人惊讶的人/事)；shame(带来耻辱的人/事)；fort(令人感到安慰的人/事)；worry(令人感到烦恼的人/事)；beauty(美人或美丽的事)；envy(令人羡慕的人/事)；shock(令人感到震惊的人/事)；regret(令人感到遗憾的人/事)；pleasure(令人感到高兴的人/事)I want to give you a surprise我想给你一个惊喜。（2）delight相关的短语：be delighted at/by.因而高兴be delighted with.喜欢take/find delight in.以为乐be in high delight 非常高兴to ones delight 使某人高兴的是to the delight of sbwith delight 高兴地I am delighted at the news听到这个消息我很高兴。You can find delight in reading你可以以读书为乐。【跟踪典例】使我高兴的是我可以为上海世博会做些事情了。_ _ _，I can do something for the Shanghai World Expo把我的压岁钱捐给贫穷儿童是件很惬意的事情。Donating my lucky money to the poor children is_ _在新年晚会上，所有的孩子又唱又跳，非常高兴。In the New Years party，all the children are singing and dancing，_ _ _【答案】To my delighta delightin high delight2. applicant n申请人There were five applicants for the position有5个人申请那个职位。【知识拓展】apply vi申请；适用vt应用；运用apply for 申请；请求He has applied for a post in England他已申请在英国供职。apply to 适用于What you said doesnt apply to me你所说的并不适合我。apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力做applied adj应用的；适用的application n应用；申请；申请表【跟踪典例】补全句子我哥哥在北京申请了一份不错的工作。My elder brother_ _ _ _ _in Beijing【答案】applied for a wellpaid job3. customs n. 海关；关税；进口税custom 风俗；习惯；传统customer n. 顾客；客户She was stopped at the Customs and questioned.她在海关被拦住接受了问话。【名师点睛】要记住customs表海关后面必须跟s，否则就是错误。并且表海关时，常和the在一起，customs 首字母要大写。表关税时，首字母不大写。【跟踪典例】His father is _(海关官员)I think _(这些有趣的古老风俗) should be preserved.【答案】a customs officerthese interesting old customs4occur vi发生，出现；存在于The tragedy occurred only minutes after takeoff这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。【知识拓展】sth occurs to sbsth strikes sbsth e to sb 某人突然想起It occurs to sb that-clauseIt strikes sb that-clauseIt occurred to me to visit my parents我突然想去探望父母。A good idea es to me我突然想到一个好主意。注意：occur通常和介词to搭配，表示某人想起，想到。【易混辨析】occur，happen，e about，take place与break out在表示发生时这些词均为不及物动词，均没有被动语态形式。occur发生、想到、突然想起，当发生讲时，相当于happen，指偶然事件的发生。take place发生、举行、举办，一般指非偶然性事件的发生e about发生、产生，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句break out发生、爆发，常指战争、灾难、疾病等事件的发生【跟踪典例】(1)用上面四个词的恰当形式填空How did it_that people refused to buy watermelon？Should nuclear war_，what would bee of human beings？When and where will the meeting_？It_to me that we should write to our parents now and them【答案】e aboutbreak outtake placeoccured(2)补全句子_ _ _ _ _ _(我从未想过)you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind_ _ _ _(我突然想起)I forgot to turn off the puter【答案】It never occurred to me that It hit/struck me that5. indicate vt.指出，指示，指明，表明；暗示indicate sth.to sb.向某人指出某物indicate that.示意，表明as.indicate正如所示I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我问他我妹妹在哪里时，他指了指对面的商店。His attitude indicates that he is not very happy with what you are doing. 他的态度暗示他对你的所作所为很不高兴。【跟踪典例】There is a great deal of evidence _ (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.【答案】indicating6. hire vt租用；雇用n租用；租金Can I hire the car for three days？我能租这辆汽车用三天吗？The cost includes the hire of the hall费用包括礼堂租金。【知识拓展】let out sthon hire 出租某物be in the hire of sb为某人所雇用work for hire 当雇工a hired farmhand 雇农For Hire 空车(出租车的标示)for/on hire 出租【易混辨析】hire，employ与renthire指临时或一次性雇用employ较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手rent一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)She hasnt been employed (has not had a job) for six months now她现在已半年没有工作了。Is that your own puter，or do you rent it？这电脑是你自己的，还是租来的？【跟踪典例】It is said that the headmistress_(hire)three months ago will soon_(fire)【答案】hired； be fired句意：据说三个月前受聘的那位女校长很快就要被解雇。hire表示雇用；fire表示解雇。第一个空是过去分词作定语表示被动，第二个空用被动语态表示被解雇。7. authority n权威；权力；当局；官方He is an authority on English他是英语方面的权威。You dont have any authority for entering this houseIts private 你们没有权力进入这所房子，这是住宅。The authorities have taken measures to protect the trees 当局已经采取措施保护这些树。【知识拓展】abuse ones authority 滥用职权be an authority on 在方面是权威by the authority of 蒙的许可have authority over 对有权力in authority 权力；当权(地位)【跟踪典例】补全句子家长对他们的孩子具有法律权益。Parents_legal_ _their children这里谁管事？Who is _ _here？他是法国文学方面的权威。He is_ _ _French literature他们无权封闭河道。They_ _ _ _close the canal【答案】have；authority overin authorityan authority onhave no authority to8. reform vt& vi改革；革新；改造 nC，U改革；改造；改良Theyve reformed the education system to fit in with the new situation 他们改革了教育制度，以适应新的形势。The reform in teaching methods is warmly weled by students 教学方法的改革受到了学生们的热烈欢迎。【知识拓展】 reform the healthcare system 改革医疗保健制度reform oneself改过自新education reform教育改革a reform in teaching methods教学方法的改革【跟踪典例】我尽量使他改过自新，但是徒劳无功。I tried_ _ _，but in vain【答案】to reform him9. grasp vt抓住；领会n(常用单数)紧抓；领会；能力所及Make sure you grasp the rope with both hands一定要用双手抓紧绳索。They failed to grasp the full significance of his remarks他们没有领会他的话的全部意义。She grasped at his coat as he rushed past her他从她身边冲过去时，她使劲抓住了他的上衣。Peace was not pletely beyond his grasp和平并非完全是他力所不及的事。【知识拓展】 （1）grasp sbby the shoulders/arm/hand 抓住某人的肩膀/胳膊/手grasp a chance/an opportunity抓住机会grasp at sth尽力抓住 （2）have a good/poor grasp of.对理解得很好/差within ones grasp为某人力所能及的；为某人所能理解的beyond ones graspbeyond the grasp of sb为某人所不能理解的；为某人力所不及的【跟踪典例】她时刻准备着抓住任何机会去提高英语。She is ready to_ _ _to improve her English看来你对这个题目理解得很透彻。You seem to_ _ _ _ _the subject【答案】grasp any opportunityhave a good grasp of10. nowhere adv无处；到处都无This animal is found in Australia，and nowhere else 这种动物生长在澳大利亚，别处没有。【知识拓展】get/go nowhere毫无进展nowhere to be found/seen哪儿也找不到/看不到nowhere in sight不可能看见get sbnowhere(让某人)毫无进展【跟踪典例】完成句子我们仅有1美元，远不够去买那些可口的食物。We only had $1 and that was_ _ _ to buy some delicious food我们就此事讨论了一上午，结果毫无进展。We discussed it all morning but_ _如果你事事都为你儿子去做，就会让他毫无进展。If you do everything for your son，youll_ _ _【答案】nowhere near enoughgot/went nowhereget him nowhere之短语篇1. consist of 由组成(或构成)The society consists of 30 members这个协会有30个会员组成。Their diet consisted largely of vegetables他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。【知识拓展】consist in 存在于，在于consist with 并存；一致；符合bemadeupof.由组成True education does not consist in simply being taught facts 真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授知识。As is known to all，theory should consist with practice 众所周知，理论应与实践相一致。 【跟踪典例】考试分两部分：笔试和口试。The exam consists_two parts： a written test and an oral在许多美国大学里，获得一个学位需要学习36门课程，每门课程则需一学期。In many American universities，the total work for a degree _ _thirtysix courses，each_for one semester (学期)【答案】ofconsists of；lasting2. team up with 与合作或一起工作They team up with another family to rent a house他们与另一家合租一所房子。The two panies have teamed up to produce new software 两家公司联手生产新软件。He teamed up with a friend and set up a trade business他与一个朋友联合，做起了买卖。【知识拓展】cooperate with 与合作If you can cooperate with each other，everything should run smoothly如果你们能互相配合，一切都会顺利的。【跟踪典例】他情愿独自经商，而不愿与人合伙。He preferred to go into business alone rather than to_ _ _anyone else【答案】team up withteam up (with sb) 表示合作；(与某人)结成一队。3. mark out画线；标出的界限；选出；选定A volleyball court had been marked out on the grass排球场已经在草坪上画了出来。Who will be marked out for this intensive training？谁将被选定参加这期强化训练？【知识拓展】mark down记下；(商品)减价；给低分mark for life留下终生的伤痕mark up提高；标记mark with以为标记；以表明make a mark做记号【跟踪典例】城市的很多街道已被标出来要拓宽。 Many streets in this city have been_ _for extensionThe children went out together and marked _a tennis court on the lawn【答案】marked outout句意：孩子们一起出去了，在草坪上画了个网球场。mark out画出界线。4. take in(1)包括；囊括；包含You can also take in some of the notable architectural monuments 你也可以将一些著名的纪念性建筑包括在参观的项目中。(2)欺骗；蒙骗Dont be taken in by his charmhes ruthless 不要被他那迷人的风度所蒙蔽，其实他冷酷无情。(3)理解；领会；记住I couldnt take in the meaning of the word我不能够理解这个词的含义。(4)吸入，吞入(体内)Fish take in oxygen through their gills鱼用鳃吸取氧气。【知识拓展】take down取下；记下；拆卸take on开始雇用；呈现；受欢迎take back收回；使回想起take off脱下；起飞；开始成功take for认为；误认为take.as.把理解为/当作take over接管；接任take out带出去take apart拆开take up占据；开始做【跟踪典例】变色龙可以变成周围环境的颜色。The chameleon can_ _the colours of its background给我开了一些止痛药片。I was given some pills to_ _the pain【答案】take ontake away5. a great/good many许多；很多Today a great many students were absent今天有不少学生缺席。A great many problems have arisen许多问题已经出现了。A great many of us dont like speaking English in class我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语A great many of the guests joined the picnic in the courtyard许多客人加入到院子里的野餐注意：a great many后一般不用of，但后接代词或所修饰的名词前有定冠词the，后接指示代词these，those，物主代词my，their等时，需接of。【知识拓展】许多的表达法：many (of the) a great/good many (of the) +可数名词复数+复数谓语a large/big/great number oflarge/big/great numbers ofmany a可数名词单数单数谓语much (of the) a great/ good deal of +不可数名词+单数谓语a large amount of a lot of 可数名词复数+复数谓语 lots of + 不可数名词+单数谓语plenty ofa large quantity +可数名词复数/不可数名词+单数谓语large amounts of +不可数名词+复数谓语masses/quantities of+可数名词复数/不可数名词+复数谓语【跟踪典例】选词填空a great manya good many ofa great deal ofThe song has been sung by_studentsI am in a position to save you_time_the students e from Shanghai【答案】a great manya great deal ofA good many of之句式篇1. To make the crossing between these two great countries seemed as if it would take no time at all！ 从一个大国穿越到另一个大国看起来似乎毫不费时！本句是一个主从复合句，不定式作主语，seemed后跟的是as if引导的状语从句。seem的意思是似乎，好像，仿佛，看来，现将其用法归纳如下：seem (to be)名词/形容词seem不定式(不定式有时用进行式或完成式)seemlike名词It seems that.看起来，似乎There seems (to be).似乎有It seems as if/though.似乎(从句常用虚拟语气，如果所述情况实现的可能性较大，则从句用陈述语气)It seems as if somebody is calling you好像有人在叫你。(陈述语气)It seems as though he were very stupid他似乎很笨。(虚拟语气)Mary seems (to be) a very clever girl玛丽看上去是一个非常聪明的女孩。【跟踪典例】补全句子你好面熟，我似乎在什么地方见过你。You look familiar to meI seem_ _ _you somewhereAccording to the shopping list，there_ (seem)a dozen socks【答案】to have seenseem to bethere seem(s) to be.似乎有，seem的单复数形式由后面的名词决定。2. Apparently hed been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a trams brakes failed，the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it他曾经目睹了一起可怕的交通事故：一辆轨道车刹车失灵，售票员控制不了局面，这辆轨道车连同拉车的马一起从山上滑了下来，很明显这让他感到震惊。(1)本句的主句是apparently hed been shocked。when引导时间状语从句，该从句含有in which引导的定语从 句，修饰accident。in which引导的定语从句中又有三个并列分句：a trams brakes failed，the conductor could not control the situation和the tram slipped down the hill。(2)现在分词短语dragging the horses with it在此作伴随状语。现在分词(短语)在句中作状语还可表示时间、 条件、原因、方式、结果等，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。She greeted me，smiling她笑着与我打招呼。He left，saying nothing他什么也没说就离开了。【巧学助记】现在分词(短语)与其逻辑主语是主谓关系；过去分词(短语)与其逻辑主语是动宾关系。Not having enough hands，we turned to them for help由于没有足够的人手，我们向他们寻求帮助。Taught by the teacher，they had made great progress在老师的教导下，他们取得了很大的进步。【跟踪典例】_(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make【答案】 Ignoring句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重错误之一。句子缺少主语，ignore的逻辑主语是you，两者是主谓关系，因此用动名词作主语。3. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them 悲惨的境遇对他们来说似乎是一种惩罚而谈不上公正和自由。rather than 表示而不是，是一个并列连词，常用于平行结构中，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 (1)连接两个名词或代词 He is an explorer rather than a sailor与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 (2)连接两个形容词 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。 (3)连接两个介词短语We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。 (4)连接两个动名词She enjoys singing rather than dancing她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 (5)连接两个不定式 I decided to write rather than(to)telephone我决定写信而不打电话。 Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad，he sold them at half price他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。(注：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。) (6)连接两个动词 He ran rather than walked他是跑来的，而不是走来的。 (7)连接两个分句We should help him rather than he should help us是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。【知识拓展】would do.rather than do./would rather do.than do.宁愿做而不愿做prefer to do.rather than do.更愿意做而不愿做【跟踪典例】翻译句子她宁愿死也不愿背叛国家。_我更愿意在家呆着，不想去购物。_【答案】She would die rather than betray her country(She would rather die than betray her country)I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping.单词拼写15,000 head of_(牛) died of the disease in one month2Theres room for one more piece of_(行李)3They_(插入) a tube in his mouth to help him breathe4Today we_(哀悼) for all those who died in the two World Wars5The rocks stick out of the water at a 45degree _ (角)6I have no doubt that the man is guilty and that he deserves the_(惩罚)7The driver had to b_suddenly to avoid a dog on the road8She now has a_over the people who used to be her bosses9I dont think youve quite g_the seriousness of the situation10The childrens poor health was a_from their physical appearance. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 team up with， mark out， rather than， take in， feel like， back to back， go exploring， apply for， a good/great many， settle in1When we first got to America，we bought a map on which the streets that each parade would travel along were_2Lydia doesnt _ studying abroadHer parents are old3In New Orleans we _ several other people，so we could enjoy Mardi Gras in safety4You need to stay in Shandong at least two weeks if you want to_all the tourist places5Stand_and dont talk to each other6In the snowstorm，_students are waiting in long lines to sign for the art test7Zeng Xiaoyu has_a passport to the UK8They e to a whole new world when they_9People began to_the places where the food and water were plentiful10I prefer to walk there_take a bus.阅读理解AHappy birthday! Do birthdays really make people happy? Of course they do. Birthdays celebrate the day we were born. Besides, that extra candle on the cake suggests another year of growth and maturityor so we hope. We all like to imagine that were getting wiser and not just older. Most of us enjoy seeing the miracle of growth in others, as well. For instance, seeing our children develop and learn new things makes us feel proud. For Americans, like people in most cultures, growing up is a wonderful process. But growing old? Thats a different story.Growing old is not exactly pleasant for people in youthoriented American culture. Most Americans like to look young, act young and feel young. As the old saying goes, Youre as young as you feel. Older people joke about how many years young they are, rather than how many years old. People in some countries value the aged as a source of experience and wisdom. But Americans seem to favor those that are young, or at least young at heartMany older Americans find the golden years to be anything but golden. Economically, senior citizens often struggle just to get by. Retirement at age 65 brings a sharp decrease in personal ine. Social security benefits usually cannot make up the difference. Older people may suffer from poor nutrition, medical care and housing. Some even experience age discrimination. In 1987, American sociologist Pat Moore dressed up like an older person and wandered city streets. She was often treated rudelyeven cheated and robbed. However, dressed as a young person, she received much more respect.Unfortunately, the elderly population in America is increasing fast. Why? People are living together. Fewer babies are being born. And middleaged baby boomers are rapidly entering the groups of the elderly. America may soon be a place where wrinkles are inMarketing experts are already noticing this group of consumers .1. The main idea of the third paragraph is_.Athe golden years can make the old earn lots of moneyBmany old people in America are leading a hard lifeCthe old in America have to retire at the age of 65DAmerican social security benefits are not good2. From the last paragraph w