2019-2020年高中英语Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars第1课时试题含解析新人教版必修.doc

2019-2020年高中英语Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars第1课时试题含解析新人教版必修Period 1 Warming Up & Pre-reading & Reading & prehendingKey Words1. astronomy n. 天文学2. system n. 系统；体系；制度systematic adj. 系统的；有条理的3. religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰religious adj. 宗教的；虔诚的4. theory n. 学说；理论5. violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n. 暴力；暴行violently adv. 猛烈地，剧烈地6. atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛7. unlike prep. 与不同，不像8. fundamental adj. 基本的，基础的fundament n. 基础9. harmful adj. 有害的harm vt. & n. 伤害，损害，危害10. chain n. 链子；链锁；锁链11. multiply vt. & vi. 乘；增加12. oxygen n. 氧13. exist vi. 存在；生存existent n. 生存者 adj. 生存的existence n. 存在；生活14. thus adv. 因此；于是15. puzzle n. 谜；难题 vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzled adj. 困惑的；茫然的16. biology n. 生物学biologist n. 生物学家17. gravity n. 万有引力；重力18. satellite n. 卫星，人造卫星19. gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的gently adv. 温和地；温柔地，轻轻地20. physicist n. 物理学家physics n. 物理学physical adj. 物质的；身体的；物理的Key Phrases1. in time 及时；终于 2. lay eggs 下蛋3. give birth to 产生；分娩 4. in ones turn 轮到某人5. prevent.from 阻止，制止6. block out 挡住(光线)Key SentencesIt exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. (be to do) 1.violentadj. 猛烈的，激烈的；凶暴的。常见用法：a violent wind 暴风a violent language 激烈的语言a violent attack 猛烈的攻击violent behavior 暴力行为The violent windstorms are frequently acpanied by rain, snow, or hail. 强烈的风暴经常伴随着雨、雪或冰雹。There is a great concern about the violent behavior among adolescents. 人们非常关注青少年的暴力行为。【拓展延伸】violence n. 暴力；暴行violently adv. 猛烈地；剧烈地用violent的适当形式填空1. They consider it almost a crime to expose children to _ on TV.2. This drug can make some people _ ill.3. We should stop _ behavior.【答案】1. violence 2. violently 3. violent2.in time及时；终于。常见用法：in time for sth/to do sth 做某事及时/来得及做某事They were just in time for the bus. 他们及时赶上了公交车。She arrived just in time to take the exam. 她到的正是时候，刚好赶上参加考试。【拓展延伸】on time准时，按时in no time立即，马上at no time绝不(放在句首时，句子须倒装)at a time一次；每次at one time曾经，一度at times有时for the time being暂时take ones time别着急；慢慢来against time争分夺秒地，尽快地The boss ordered that the work should be done on time. 老板吩咐工作必须按时完成。At no time in her life has she been braver than in that case. 她一生中从来没有像那一回那么勇敢。You can take your time to pay the debt you owe me. 你欠我的债可以慢慢还。 用time的相关短语填空1. _ did I feel they were being unreasonable.2. I want to be home _ for tea.3. Youd better do one thing _, so that you can concentrate on it.4. _, that kind of thing would have made me really angry.【答案】1. At no time 2. in time 3. at a time 4. At one time3. be to doIt exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。(教材P16)【句式分析】本句中which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语；were to make the earths atmosphere是be to do sth结构。be to do sth 有多层含义，多表示将来。具体说来，有以下含义：1. 表示按计划或安排要做的事。When are you to leave for home? 你什么时候回家?She is to be married next month. 她将于下个月结婚。The Queen is to visit Japan in a weeks time. 女王将于一周后访问日本。这种结构也可用于过去。was / were to do sth表示曾经计划要做的事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示命运(即命中注定要发生的事)，而非计划；was / were to have done sth 表示未曾实现的计划。I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到很紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。They said goodbye, not knowing that they were never to meet again. 他们互相告别，不知道以后再也不会见面了。We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。2. 表示应该，相当于should, ought to。What is to be done? 应该怎么办呢？3. 表示必须，相当于must, have to。You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 看电视之前你得先做完作业。4. 表示想，打算，相当于intend，want。If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now. 如果我们要在十点前到，我们现在就得走。5. 用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。What are we to do next? 我们下一步该怎么办?6. 用于否定句，表示禁止，相当于mustnt。The books in this room are not to be taken outside. 这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。7. 表示可以，可能，相当于may, can。The news is to be found in the evening paper. 这条消息可以在晚报上见到。【易混辨析】will do/be going to do /be doing /be to do/ be about to dowill do单纯表将来，强调未经事先考虑将要做某事。be going to do首先可表示将要做某事，一般表示经过事先考虑，安排将要做某事。其次可以表示有迹象表明要做某事。be doing进行时态表将来，动词一般是表趋向性的动词，如go, e, arrive, return等。be to do表计划、安排要做某事，还可以表示职责、义务和可能性。be about to do表示正要做某事，所在的句子不会再出现时间状语，一般常考查这个结构和when suddenly结构连用，表示正要做某事突然发生另外一件事。Ill post that letter whatever Wilson says. 不管威尔逊讲什么，我都要寄出那封信。It is going to rain. 有迹象表明要下雨。I was about to leave when (suddenly) the telephone rang. 我正要离开，这时电话响了。1. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_. A. takes off B. is taking offC. has taken off D. took off2. Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now.A. will be calling B. will callC. call D. am to call【答案】1. B 【解析】句意：女士们先生们，请系好安全带。飞机要起飞了。此处表示根据时间表或安排要做某事，选项中只有B项适合，此处用进行时态表示将来。2. B 【解析】句意：你告诉茱莉亚那个结果了吗？哦，不，我忘了。我现在就告诉她。根据语境可知，此处表示临时的决定，因此用will do的形式，故选B。4.harmfuladj. 有害的。常见用法：be harmful to sb/sth 对有害Why it is harmful to health to eat too much? 为什么吃太多对健康有害?Smoking is harmful to your health. 抽烟对你的健康有害。【拓展延伸】1. harm vt. 损害，伤害 n. 损害harm sb/sth 伤害某人/某事物do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is (no) harm in (sbs) doing sth (某人)做某事有(无)害处。It does (no) harm (for sb) to do sth (对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处。mean no harm 没有恶意2. harmfully adv. 有害地3. harmless adj. 无害的be harmless to对无害Do you think that drinking will do harm to your health? 你认为喝酒会对你的健康有害吗?He means no harm by saying what he thinks. 他说出自己的想法，并无什么恶意。单句语法填空1. Such laws could protect the consumer from _(harm) or dangerous remedies.2. Although this radiation may _ (harm) our bodies, it can severely inhibit our ability to receive and transmit information.3. Dont believe him. No harm _ (do) to him ever since.4. As second-hand smoking is more _(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.5. They dont usually employ untrained workers, but theres no harm _(try) your fortune.【答案】1. harmful 2. be harmless to 3. has been done4. harmful 5. in trying5.layv. 放置；搁；下蛋；产卵。常用短语：lay eggs 下蛋lay sth aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄(钱)lay sth down 把某物放下lay the blame on sb 责备某人lay the table 摆桌子lay emphasis / stress on sth 把重点放在某事/某物上They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它们一般通过孵蛋来繁衍后代。【易混辨析】lie/lie/lay动词原形意义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺；卧；位于laylainlyinglay放置；产卵laidlaidlaying完成句子1. The bird often _ its eggs in other birds nests. 这种鸟常把蛋产在其他鸟的巢里。2. He would _ some money aside for rainy days. 他把一些钱放起来以备用。3. The naughty boy _ (lie) to me that the hen that _ (lie) there just now had _ (lay) two eggs the day before. 那个淘气的男孩对我谎称刚才卧在那儿的那只母鸡昨天下了两个蛋。4. He _ his hand on my shoulder just now. 他刚才把手放在我的肩上。5. Who should we _ the blame on? 我们该责备谁? 6. He is always_ stress on the importance of being on time.他一直强调准时的重要性。【答案】1. lays 2. lay 3. lied; lay; laid 4. Laid5. lay 6. laying6.existvi. 存在；生存。常见用法：exist on (=live on) 靠为生exist as作为而存在；以形态存在exist in(=lie in) 存在于之中There exist(s). 有/存在The hostages existed on bread and water for over 5 months. 人质靠面包和水生存了5个多月。They do not usually exist as physical files. 它们通常不是作为物理文件存在。We exist in space. 我们存在于空间中。There exist different opinions on this question. 关于这个问题有不同的观点。【特别提醒】exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。【拓展延伸】1. existence n. 存在in existence现存的，现有的e into existence产生；成立；开始存在bring into existence使发生；使产生2. existing adj. 目前的，现存的Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth came into existence. 现在仍有很多人想知道地球是何时产生的。1. The worker earned little money a month, so he had to _ only fast noodles.A. exist onB. exist inC. lie inD. lie on2. 完成句子_ _ a generation gap between the young and the old.青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing _ the money hes earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么困难。Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into_ (exist). 关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。There exists a good way to solve the _ (exist) problem in geography.有解决地理方面现存问题的好方法。This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in _ (exist).这就是现存最古老的希伯来语手稿。【答案】1. A 【解析】考查动词短语意义。句意：这个工人一个月挣的钱很少，因此不得不靠方便面度日。 exist on靠生存；exist in存在于中；lie in在于；位于；lie on与接壤。2. There exists on existence existing existence7.in ones turn轮到某人；接着Thus they have, in their turn, bee the most important animals on the planet. 于是，它们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。【拓展延伸】in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来by turns轮流；交替take ones turn轮到某人做了take turns依次；轮班，轮流on the turn正在转变，正在变化1. The waste can be recycled into new products, which _ will save natural resources.A. in turn B. in returnC. in order D. in time2. 完成句子The girls called out their names _ _.那些女孩逐一报出了自己的名字。We make every effort to make more films, and _ _ this creates further environmental pollution.我们在竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。We _ _ to keep watch.我们轮流守望。【答案】1. A 【解析】短语辨析。A. 轮流，依次，反过来；B. 作为报答；C. 整齐；D. 及时。句意：废品可以回收利用制成新产品，这样反过来可以节约自然资源。故选A。2. in turn in turn took turns8.preventfrom阻止，制止。常见用法：prevent sb/sth from doing sth 防止某人/物做某事。其中的from可省略。但如果在被动语态中，from不可省略。Nothing can prevent him from working. 什么事也阻止不了他工作。What can we do to prevent this accident (from) happening? 我们能做些什么阻止事故的发生呢？【拓展延伸】keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事protect sb from (doing) sth 保护某人不受伤害I tried to keep him from waiting for her. 我试图叫他不要再等她了。What stopped him from ing here? 是什么阻止他来这里的呢?The farmers protect wheat from heavy rain with rain clothes. 农民们用雨布遮住小麦，以防被大雨浇坏。【特别提醒】(1)在主动语态中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep.from doing sth中的from不可省略，keep sb doing sth 意为使某人一直做某事。(2)在被动语态里，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。单句改错1. The heavy rain prevented us off going on with our work.2. A possible war was finally prevented breaking out with their effort.【答案】1. off改为from或删除off 【解析】prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth 阻止某人/物做某事，为固定搭配，故此处可将off改为from或删除off。2. prevented后加from 【解析】prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth 阻止某人/物做某事，为固定搭配，此处用了该结构的被动形式，此时from不能省，故在prevented后加from。9.puzzlevt. 使迷惑；使为难，使窘困；感到迷惑；n. (游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜。常见用法：puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索be puzzled by被迷惑be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好be in a puzzle about对困惑不解But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new puter really puzzled him. 但是他的好奇心难以控制，这台新电脑也确实使他费解。Her decision was a puzzle to him. 她的决定对他来说是个谜。【拓展延伸】puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)be puzzled about 对迷惑puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰事物)I saw him puzzling over/about a puzzling math problem.，我看见他正在苦苦思考一道令人费解的数学题。1. 用puzzle的相关词语完成下列小片段Her _look showed that she was _ what he said. Yes, it was really a _ because it was _ that he would rather throw away the food than give it to those in need. What he said as well as what he did _ all the people present.2. 单句改错The puzzling look on her face suggested that she didnt understand what I said.Im in puzzle as to what to do next.【答案】1. puzzled; puzzled about; puzzle; puzzling; puzzled2. puzzling改为puzzled 在in后加aI. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. (like) most people in the office who e to work by car, I usually e to work by bus.2. We live in a (globe) village, but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way.3. Do you believe the of ghosts? Perhaps they only in the minds of some people.(exist)4. Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more . Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use whatever happens.(violent)5. There was a _ look on the little girls face because a _ problem _ her. (puzzle)6. Playing puter games will not only do _ to your physical health, but it is also _ to your mental health. So there is no _ in advising you to give it up.(harm)7. To us the whole _ (global) is like a family.8. He often says that he doesnt believe in any _ (religious) and only believes in himself.9. The customers have _ (multiply) their demands on this kind of products in the past two years.10. We need many powerful _ (system).11. He says that his cock has just _ (lay) an egg.12. While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth from _ (pollute).13. The World War made it impossible for Einstein _ (go) on with his research.II. 选词填空in time in ones turn prevent from block out give birth to as far as1. Sheila describes the adventure of _ Perri in a tiny town where her husband was doing research fieldwork.2. The wall _ all the light. It should be pulled down.3. Ill go with you _ the station for pany.4. The manager wants to see changes in the pany, and I am sure he will _.5. Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week _.6. Sometimes I think _ myself _ smoking and drinking is a very hard task.III. 单句改错1. If you put your heart into it, youll succeed on time.2. This is such interesting a film that I see it twice.3. Its no longer a question now that whether man can land on the moon.4. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to e will depend on if this problem can be solved.5. General speaking, he is a smart boy except his carelessness.6. The river is so polluted that every day we can see a lot of things being floating on the water.IV. 课文语法填空The earth was just 1 cloud of dust after the Big Bang. The earth exploded loudly 2 fire and rock. They were in time to produce many things, which were to make the earths atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on 3 surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve 4 (harm) gases. Then life began to develop.Small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen. This encouraged the 5 (develop) of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such 6 insects, reptiles and dinosaurs appeared after green plants appeared. Small clever animals spread all 7 the earth. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 8 prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 9 life will continue on the earth for millions of years to e will depend on whether this problem can 10 (solve).V. 单项填空1. _a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.A. It existed B. There existedC. There had D. It had2. Seeing the bad results of the exams, she was rather frustrated and felt _ about her future.A. surprising B. puzzlingC. puzzledD. surprised3. Theory is based on practice and _ serves practice. A. in turn B. by and byC. by chanceD. in this case4. We rent a beach house with two small rooms, _can serve as a kitchen.A. the smaller of whichB. a smaller of whichC. the smaller of themD. smaller of that5. The bill would _ workers twelve weeks of unpaid leave for family emergencies.A. permit B. supply C. admit D. provide6. Darling, I didnt get promoted._! There will be loads of other opportunities.A. Well done B. What a pityC. Cheer up D. All right7. The police arrived twenty minutes later and _ the crowd for the sake of safety.A. took up B. wound upC. woke up D. broke up8. The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arrive B. has arrivedC. arrives D. is going to arrive9. At this time tomorrow, _ over the Atlantic.A. were going to fly B. well be flyingC. well fly D. were to flyI. 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。An ambitious project to establish a human colony on Mars has attracted applications from tens of thousands of would-be astronauts, just two weeks after applications opened.The mission, a private venture by the Dutch non-profit organization, Mars One, aims to send a crew to the Red Planet in 2022 and, due to the physiological change in the human body after a stay on Mars, thered be no ing back. That hasnt deterred people, though, so far, over 200,000 people have applied to bee one of Mars first immigrants.This is turning out to be the most desired job in history, says Bas Lansdorp, co-founder of Mars One.Day-to-day life on Mars will be no picnic. The organization says that the daily routine on the planet would involve construction work on the colony (installing greenhouses,for example), maintenance of the settlements systems and research into Mars climate and geological history all in an inhospitable environment with unbreathable air and an average temperature in the planets mid-latitudes of around 58 .But Mars One says it is not looking for applicants with specific skills, such as a science degree, which might be useful during an interplanetary posting. Instead, they are looking for people who have a deep sense of purpose, willingness to build and maintain healthy relationships, the capacity for self-reflection and ability to trust. They also want volunteers who are resilient, adaptable, curious, creative and resourceful. Candidates will receive a minimum of eight years training before leaving Earth, the pany says.In addition to people skills, successful applicants must be good fundraisers too: Mars One plans to raise much of the missions $6 billion estimated cost through a reality TV show following the applicants as they undergo preparations for the one-way trip to Mars.1. According to the passage,we cant know about Mars that _. A. there is no human beings living on it nowB. there is no air on itC. the mid-latitudes average temperature is lower than that on the earthD. it will lead to physiological change for human beings living on it2. The applicants will _ on Mars. A. live in coldB. get a desired jobC. do some researchD. get a large amount of money3. The applicants are not necessary to _. A. have a science degreeB. have people skillsC. be good fundraisersD. have a deep sense of purpose4. The underlined word deterred in Paragraph 2 means _. A. preventedB. scaredC. explained toD. informedII. 语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Two weeks before Christmas, two little girls were walking down the street 1 they saw old Harry, who was on his knees pulling weeds from around a tree. He wore a pair of worn gloves. His fingers were sticking out of the ends, blue from the cold. They stopped 2(talk) to him.Harry told them he 3(get) the yard in shape as a Christmas gift for his mother, who had died several years before. My mother was all I had. She loved her yard and trees, so I do this for her every Chris