2019-2020年高中英语 动词的时态和语态（二）期末复习 外研社.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 动词的时态和语态（二）期末复习 外研社【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：期末复习：动词的时态和语态（二）二. 重难点讲解：5. 过去完成时（教学重点）（1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。过去之过去，那时现在 （2）用法 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：She said（that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。例如：We had hoped that you would e, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。（3）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。tense（4）用一般过去时代替过去完成时 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：When I heard the news, I was very excited. 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.6. 将来完成时 （1）构成will have done（2）概念 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。7. 现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法：（1）表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。（2）习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）（3）表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。（4）与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。*不用进行时的动词 表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。 表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。 瞬间动词，如accept, receive, plete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, bee, turn等。例如：You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。8. 过去进行时 （1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。（2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。（3）常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。9. 将来进行时 （1）概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如：Shell be ing soon. 她会很快来的。Ill be meeting him sometime in the future. 将来我一定去见他。注意：将来进行时不用于表示“意志”，不能说 Ill be having a talk with her.（2）常用的时间状语有soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如：By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach. 明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢。特别关注： 1. 一般现在时代替一般将来时 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。 2. 一般现在时代替一般过去时 （1）“书上说”，“报纸上说”等。例如：The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。（2）叙述往事，使其生动。例如：Napoleons army now advances and the great battle begins. 拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了。3. 一般现在时代替现在完成时 （1）有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如：I hear （= have heard） he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。I forget （=have forgotten） how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。（2）用句型“It is since ”代替“It has been since ”。例如：It is （= has been） five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来，五年过去了。4. 一般现在时代替现在进行时。 在Here es/There goes等句型里，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如：There goes the bell. 铃响了。5. 现在进行时代替将来时 （1）表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如：Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我们一起度周末好吗?We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。（2）渐变动词，如get, run, grow, bee, begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如：He is dying. 他要死了。6. 时态与常用时间状语的搭配: 时态时间状语一般现在时every, sometimes,at, on Sunday等一般过去时yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等一般将来时next, tomorrow, in+一段时间, before+时间点等现在完成时for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the few past years, always, recently lately等过去完成时before, by+过去的时间, until, when, after, once等过去进行时this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while等将来进行时soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening【典型例题】1.（北京卷）He _ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15?A. has learnedB. would have learned C. learnedD. had learned2.（北京卷）Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today.A. arent; are B. arent; wereC. werent; areD. werent; were3.（北京卷）As soon as he es back, Ill tell him when _ and see him.A. you will eB. will you eC. you eD. do you e4.（北京卷） Why did you leave that position ? I _ a better position at IBM.A. offerB. offeredC. am offeredD. was offered5.（广东卷）Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing6.（广东卷）The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car.A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be7.（湖北卷）When the old man _ to walk back to his house ,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.A. started ;had already hiddenB. had started ;had already hiddenC. had started ;was hiding D. was starting; hid8.（湖北卷）He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide9.（湖南卷） If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been hack by 6 oclock. What a pity! Tina _ here to see you. A. is B. was C. would be D. has been10.（江苏卷）They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ it as no good results have e out so far.A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working11.（江西卷）Hurry up ! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate .Oh ! I thought they without me .A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone12.（全国卷）Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _?A. did they speak B. were they speakingC. are they speakingD. have they been speaking13.（全国卷）Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now.A. will be calling B. will call C. callD. am to call14.（全国卷1）What would you do if it tomorrow ? We have to carry it on , since weve got everything ready .A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining15.（全国卷1）The heros story differently in the newspapers.A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported16.（全国卷1）The coffee is wonderful ! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before .A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had17.（上海卷）More than a dozen students in that school _ around to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent18.（上海卷）At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch.A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat19.（浙江卷）My brother is an actor. He _ in several films so far.A. appearsB. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing20.（浙江卷）Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.A. just finishB. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish21.（山东卷）With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. （语态主谓一致）A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away22.（重庆卷） Whats wrong with your coat? Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it.A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting23.（重庆卷） What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to die cinema with some friends. The film_ quite early, so we_ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished ; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go24.（重庆卷）Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last nighA. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused25.（天津卷）By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting.A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left26.（安徽卷）The manager “a” fallen asleep where he _, without undressing.A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied27.（辽宁卷） Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she _.A. has doneB. had doneC. was doingD. is doing28.（辽宁卷）Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms.A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called29.（天津卷）They have a good knowledge of English but little _they know about German.A. have B. did C. had D. do30. （湖南卷） Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning答案：15 DCADB 610 CABBA 1115 DCBBA 1620 CBDCC 21 25 DDCAC 2630 ACBDD【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）Read the following directions on a bottle of medicine：“Take two tablets（药片）with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required, For maximum（最大量）night-time and early morning relief（缓解疼痛）, take two tablets at bed -time, Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount for a grownup. For children under six years old, ask for your doctors advice.Reduce the amount if nervousness, restlessness, or sleeplessness occurs”1. The directions on this medicine bottle clearly warn the patient not to take more than（ ）A. twenty-four tablets a day. B. eight tablets a day.C. six tablets a day. D. three tablets a day.2. We can infer from the directions that（ ）A. the medicine could cause some people to feel nervous.B. children may take the same amount that grown-ups take.C. one may not take this medicine before going to bed.D. the medicine is a liquid.3. If one cannot sleep, it is suggested that he（ ）A. take two tablets before going to bed. B. take less than two tablets before going to bed.C. stop taking the medicine. D. ask advice of a doctor.4. Obviously the medicine（ ）A. may be dangerous to small children.B. cannot be taken by children under twelve years old.C. may be taken by children but not by grown-ups.D. may be taken by grown-ups but not by children.（二）In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries（神秘的事物）of nature. Some ancient peoples believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons（武器）of the gods.In reality, lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lightning 1.6 kilometres long has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs（灯泡）.The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year he also built the first lightning rod（避雷针）. This device（装置物）protects buildings from being damaged by lightning.Modern science has discovered that one stroke（闪击）of lightning has a voltage（电压）of more than 15 million volts（伏特）. A flash of lightning between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second. Scientists judge that there are about 2,000 million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States alone it kills an average（平均数）of one person every day. The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car. Outside, one should go to low ground and not get under tress. Also, one should stay out of water and away from metal fences. Inside a house, people should avoid open doorways and windows and not touch wires or metal things. With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry?1. People once thought lightning came from _.A. the sky B. the gods C. the earth D. nature2. According to the passage what do you think all buildings need?A. Metal fences. B. Electricity. C. lightning rods. D. Machines.3. Lightning can travel _.A. as quickly as water B. not so quickly as electricityC. at very low speed D. at very high speed4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. In the U.S about one person per day dies from lightning.B. The Empire State Building frequently gets hit by lightning.C. Swimming during a thunder storm is a good idea.D. A closed car is the best place to be during an electrical storm.5. Lightning is probably _ to man.A. useful B. kind C. useless D. friendly【试题答案】（一）1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A（二）1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A